Poverty exists because our society is an unequal one, and thereare powerful political pressures to keep it that way. Any attemptto redistributing wealth and income __1__ in the United Stateswill inevitably be opposed by powerful middle and upper classinterests. People can be relatively rich only if you are relativelypoor, and as __2__ power is mainly in the hands of the rich,public policies reflect their interests than __3__ those of thepoor. As Mr. Herbert Gans has pointed out, poverty is actually functional from the point of viewof the non-poor. Poverty ensures that dirty work gets doing. If there __4__ were no poor poepleto scrub floors and empty bedpans, there jobs will have to be __5__ rewarded with high incomesbefore anyone would touch them. Poverty creates jobs for many of the non-poor, such as policeofficers, welfare workers, and government bureaucrats. Poverty makes life easier for the rich byproviding them with cookers, __6__ gardeners, and other workers to perform basic chores whentheir employers enjoy __7__ more pleasurable activities. Poverty provides a market for moreinferior goods and __8__ service, such as day-old bread, run-down automobiles, or the advice ofcompetent __9__ physicians and lawyers. Poverty also provides a group that can be made toabsorb the costs of change. It is just that poverty is an inevitable outcome of the American economic system, in which the poor are politically powerless to influence or change. __10__
參考答案及解析:
1.redistributing改為redistribute。attempt to 后面一般接動(dòng)詞原型，而不接動(dòng)名詞，因?yàn)檫@里的to是不定式符號(hào)，而不是介詞，即attempt to do sth.。
2.you 改為others。此句是說，如果一部分相對(duì)比較窮，那么一部分人就會(huì)相對(duì)比較富。將人群分為兩部分，此處就不能用you，others才可以表示人群的一部分。
3.在interests和than中間加上rather。此句不是表示比較(than)，而是表示轉(zhuǎn)折(公眾政策反映他們的利益，而不是窮人的利益)，所以應(yīng)該用rather than (而不是)代替than。
4.doing改為done。此句是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，表示“臟活被完成”，get 是系動(dòng)詞，所以應(yīng)用do的過去分詞形式done。
5.will改為would。此句使用了虛擬語氣，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè)，所以主句應(yīng)用would。
6.cookers改為cooks。廚師是cook，而不cooker。cooker指炊具，與后面的“gardener(園丁)andother workers”不一致，所以應(yīng)改為廚師(cook)。
7.when改為while。此處不是表示時(shí)間上的同時(shí)性，而是表示兩種情形的對(duì)比，“一些人在做……，而另一些人在做……”。表示對(duì)比的連詞一般用while。
8.去掉more。inferior本身就表示“低級(jí)的”，已經(jīng)構(gòu)成了比較形式，所以前面一般不能再加more。
9.competent 改為incompetent。此句講的是窮人所能享受的服務(wù)，過期的面包、報(bào)廢的汽車，還有不合格的醫(yī)生和律師所提供的建議。如果是competent，則成了合格的醫(yī)生和律師所提供的建議，那么與整句意思不符。
10.去掉in。此句中的which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，作influence和change的直接賓語，因?yàn)閕nfluence和change均為及物動(dòng)詞，所以不能加in。