Something has been happening to the concept of"fiction",either in critical discourse and elsewhere. For a longtime, __1__ this concept operated under common understoodrestrictions. __2__ It was used to refer to a certain genre ofliterature; a certain __3__ aspect of literature in general——theelement of plot, action,or fable, including such constituents likecharacter, setting, __4__ scene, and so on; and to anynarrative or story contained __5__ a large element of invention. But recently, the concept of"fiction" has undergone an extension. Though still used to __6__ refer to the action or plot ofliterary work, it has come to __7__ be appllied to something more: to the ideas, themes, and beliefs that are being embodied in the action or plot. It is __8__ not only the events in literaturethat are regarded as fictive but the "message" or "world view" conveyed in the presentation ofthe events as well. And this is not the end of the matter.
Gone a step further, critics now sometimes suggest, by a kind __9__ of tautology, that literarymeanings are fictions although all __10__ meanings are fictions, this critical view asserts that "life"and "reality" are themselves fictions.
參考答案及解析:
1. either—both.both...and...為固定搭配。
2. common—commonly.過去分詞understood作定語，需要副詞修飾
3. 在第二個a certain前加to，與前面的to短語并列，都為refer to所加的短語
4. like—as 或 刪掉such.such...as為固定搭配。如刪掉such則為單獨(dú)由like引出所舉的說明性的例子
5. contained—containing.現(xiàn)在分詞做定語，相當(dāng)于定語從句。
6. extension—expansion.extension與expansion為形近詞，前者強(qiáng)調(diào)縱向的擴(kuò)大，增加或延長，后者著重多方位的，全面的發(fā)展和擴(kuò)大。
7. work—works.此處指的是文學(xué)作品，常用works。
8. 刪掉being.整篇文章都為一般現(xiàn)在時。
9. Gone—Going.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，表示動作由主語發(fā)出。
10. although—because.應(yīng)該是原因狀語從句，而不是讓步狀語從句。