名詞性分句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
虛擬式常用于出現(xiàn)在wish, would rather, suppose, imagine之后的that分句中，表示一種臆想的(通常是不可能發(fā)生的)情況。例如：
I wish it were spring all the year round.
I'd rather I were not at the site of the accident.
在“It's time that分句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，that分句中應(yīng)使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。例如：
It's time that I went.
在If I were you 這一分句中，were不能換成was,應(yīng)當(dāng)特殊對(duì)待。例如：
Were I to do it (If I were to do it), I should rely on you.
近義詞辨析
surprise, amaze, astonish, astound
這組詞均含有“使人驚奇、驚異”的意思。
surprise
指因出乎意料的、突然的事或前所未有的人或特殊的事而感到驚訝。
It doesn't surprise me that his parents did not allow himto marry beneath him.他的父母不允許他同地位比他低的女子結(jié)婚，這并不使我感到驚訝。
amaze
強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)意外的事感到迷惑，或表示驚嘆之情。
He's amazed that she should get promoted over his head.他對(duì)她得以邁過(guò)他而提升感到驚異。
astonish
指對(duì)很不平常的事大為吃驚，難以置信。
It astonished him that his son had been caught cheating in the exams.他的兒子考試作弊被抓住了，這使他大為吃驚。
astound
強(qiáng)調(diào)完全出乎意料，用以往經(jīng)驗(yàn)知識(shí)無(wú)法解釋，其驚訝程度很強(qiáng)。
The enormous changes in the quality of life of the inhabitants astounded us.城鎮(zhèn)居民生活質(zhì)量的巨大變化令我們驚愕。
全真模擬試題
1. Everyone in the family bullied her and made her do all the chores, she was indeed ____.
A. CiderellaB. a Cinderella
C. the CinderellaD. that Cinderella
2. Air is to us ____ water to fish.
A. likeB. asC. whatD. that
3. ____ troublesome the problem is, he faces it with patience.
A. HoweverB. No matterC. DespiteD. Although
4. Peter became angry and said that ____.
A. he was tired to listen to them
B. the listening to them was tired for him
C. he was tiring listening to them
D. he was tired of listening to them
5. Weather ____, the picnic will be held as scheduled.
A. permitsB. should permit
C. will permitD. permitting
6. We regret ____ you that your subscription is overdue.
A. informingB. to inform
C. being informed D. to be informed
7. ____ you are a college teacher, you probably have to take your holidays in July and August.
A. Since thatB. Since now
C. By nowD. Now that
8. He had no business ____ mixed up in such a matter.
A. gettingB. in gettingC. to be gotD. get
9. Everybody must observe the rule, not ____ the director.
A. exceptB.but
C. exceptingD. except for
10. The texture of the rock's grains were described ____“like sugar”.
A. as beingB. as isC. as wasD. as if
11. The subject of children starving to death is too ____ to joke about.
A. grimB. griefC. shrewdD. snobbish
12. We can't just ____ these objections off.
A. wardB. layC.shrugD. shake
13. Children are ____ for saying the wrong thing at the wrong time.
A.naughtyB. plainC. versatileD. notorious
14. Let's ____ the bird from the case.
A. liberateB. putC. setD. free
15. She regarded the burglary as a(n) ____ of her home.
A. invasionB. suppression
C. violationD. theft
16. I telephoned this afternoon, but nobody ____ .
A. repliedB. respondedC. returnedD. answered
17. The ____ of my paper on animal communication includes a book on whale songs.
A. biographyB. preface
C. introductionD. bibliography
18. Many experts ____ a low protein, highcarbonhy drate diet.
A. promptB. advocateC. inherentD.claim
19. The medical center's annual fee is ____ , covering all visits and services.
A. indicativeB. indefinite
C. inclusiveD. integral
20. Dominic is the most ____ pupil in class.
A. individualB. industrial
C. indulgent D. industrious
21. Mr. Morgan gradually ____ a knowledge of the subject.
A. attainedB. requiredC. acquiredD. enquired
22. Though steam engines have now passed the ____ of their usefulness, their heritage remains.
A. primeB. eraC. epochD. date
23. What he said just now had little to do with the question ____discussion.
A. withB. underC. byD. over
24. Molten iron is poured into the mixer in the same way ____tea is poured into a cup from a teapot.
A. asB.thatC. sinceD. like
25. The Russians also burned their farms and ____ their dams and power plants.
A. blew upB. blew offC. blew outD. blew over
試題答案與解析
1. B)「句意」家中的每個(gè)人都欺侮她，叫她做所有的家務(wù)，她真是個(gè)灰姑娘。
「難點(diǎn)」Cinderella源于童話《灰姑娘》,現(xiàn)已成為專有名詞。
2. C)「句意」空氣對(duì)于我們來(lái)說(shuō)就像水對(duì)于魚(yú)一樣。
「難點(diǎn)」固定句型A is to B what C is to D.
3. A)「句意」無(wú)論問(wèn)題多么麻煩，他都耐心地去面對(duì)。
「難點(diǎn)」however=no matter how, 意為“不管…”。
4. D)「句意」彼得非常生氣，并說(shuō)他很討厭他們說(shuō)話。
「難點(diǎn)」sb be tired of doing sth意為“某人厭倦做某事”。
5. D)「句意」若天氣允許的話，野餐將如期進(jìn)行。
「難點(diǎn)」“Weather permitting”作為獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“如果天氣允許的話”，也可以用“if weather permits”。
6. B)「句意」我們很遺憾地通知你，你的訂單已經(jīng)過(guò)期。
「難點(diǎn)」“We regret to inform you”意為“我們很遺憾地通知你”。
7. D)「句意」既然你是個(gè)大學(xué)老師，你大概不得不在七、八月份休假。
「難點(diǎn)」now that=since, 意為“既然”。
8. A)「句意」他沒(méi)有理由卷入這件事情。
「難點(diǎn)」getting為get的現(xiàn)在分詞形式，與mixed up構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)，修飾business，作定語(yǔ)。
9. B)「句意」每個(gè)人都要遵守規(guī)則，主任也不例外。
「難點(diǎn)」but=except,not but意為“不除……之外”。
10. A)「句意」巖石的紋理結(jié)構(gòu)被描述為“像糖”。
「難點(diǎn)」be described as 意為“被形容為”。
11. A)「句意」兒童餓死這一話題太無(wú)情，不該拿來(lái)開(kāi)玩笑。
「難點(diǎn)」grim意為“無(wú)情的，冷酷的，可怕的”;grief是名詞，意為“悲傷，悲痛”;shrewd意為“機(jī)靈的，精明的”;snobbish意為“勢(shì)力的，媚上欺下的”。
12. C)「句意」我們不能對(duì)這些反對(duì)意見(jiàn)不予理睬。
「難點(diǎn)」shrug off 意為“對(duì)…滿不在乎，對(duì)…不屑一顧”;ward off意為“避開(kāi)，擋開(kāi)，避免”;lay off 意為“停止打擾;不理會(huì);戒絕”;shake off 意為“抖落，擺脫”。
13. D)「句意」孩子們常在錯(cuò)誤的時(shí)間說(shuō)錯(cuò)話，這一點(diǎn)眾所周知。
「難點(diǎn)」notorious意為“壞方面聞名的，臭名昭著的”，后接介詞for;naughty 意為“頑皮的，淘氣的;plain意為”明白的，清楚的“;versatile意為“多才多藝的，有多方面才能的”。
14. D)「句意」咱們把鳥(niǎo)從籠子里放了吧。
「難點(diǎn)」free意為“使自由;釋放”，常與from連用;liberate意為“釋放”;put不能和from連用;set后面接from的時(shí)候還要加free，即set free from.
15. C)「句意」她認(rèn)為入室偷盜是侵犯家宅的行為。
「難點(diǎn)」violation意為“侵犯(行為)，妨礙(行為);invasion意為”侵犯，侵害“，尤其隱私和個(gè)人權(quán)力;suppression 意為”壓制，鎮(zhèn)壓“;theft意為”偷竊，失竊“。
16. D)「句意」我今天下午打了電話，但沒(méi)有人接。
「難點(diǎn)」answer the telephone意為“接電話”，是習(xí)慣用法。reply是“回答，答復(fù)”，后接介詞to;respond意為“應(yīng)答”，后面也接介詞to;return意為“返還”。
17. D)「句意」我那篇有關(guān)動(dòng)物交際的論文的參考書(shū)目中包括一本關(guān)于鯨語(yǔ)言的書(shū)。
「難點(diǎn)」bibliography意為“書(shū)目;作品目錄”;biography意為“傳記”;preface意為“序言，前言，開(kāi)場(chǎng)白”;introduction 意為“導(dǎo)言，開(kāi)場(chǎng)白”。
18. B)「句意」許多專家提倡低蛋白、高碳水化合物的飲食。
「難點(diǎn)」advocate意為“擁護(hù);主張;提倡”;prompt 意為“促使;激勵(lì);鼓舞”;inherent是形容詞，意為“內(nèi)在的，固有的，本來(lái)就有的”;claim意為“聲稱;認(rèn)領(lǐng);自稱”。
19. C)「句意」醫(yī)療中心的年度費(fèi)用是包括一切的，含所有檢查和服務(wù)費(fèi)用。
「難點(diǎn)」inclusive意為“包含一切的”;indicative意為“暗示的，暗指的”，后接介詞of;indefinite意為“不明確的，含糊的，不清楚的”;integral意為“構(gòu)成整體所必需的;固有的”。
20. D)「句意」多米尼克是班上最勤奮的學(xué)生。
「難點(diǎn)」industrious意為“勤勞的，勤奮的”;individual意為“獨(dú)特的;個(gè)人的”;industrial 意為“工業(yè)上的;工業(yè)用的”;indulgent意為“寬容的”。
21. C)「句意」摩根先生漸漸地了解了這個(gè)科目。
「難點(diǎn)」acquire 意為“(尤指通過(guò)努力)取得，獲得，寫(xiě)到”，acquirea knowledge of 意為“獲得…的知識(shí)”;attain意為“達(dá)到，獲得”;require意為“需要”;enquire 意為“查問(wèn)，查究”，后接介詞into.
22. A)「句意」雖然蒸汽機(jī)車(chē)的使用已過(guò)了它的全盛期，但其傳統(tǒng)猶存。
「難點(diǎn)」prime意為“全盛期;最好的時(shí)期”;era意為“時(shí)代;(某一重要?dú)v史事件的)年代”;epoch意為“(有重大發(fā)展或特別事情的)重要時(shí)期”;date意為“日期”。
23. B)「句意」他剛才說(shuō)的話與正在討論的問(wèn)題毫無(wú)關(guān)系。
「難點(diǎn)」under discussion是習(xí)慣搭配，意為“正在討論之中的”，其它三個(gè)介詞和discussion不是固定搭配。
24. A)「句意」熔鐵被倒入攪拌機(jī)的方式和茶被倒入茶壺里的方式相同。
「難點(diǎn)」same 和as有固定搭配關(guān)系，而和其它幾個(gè)詞沒(méi)有固定搭配關(guān)系。
25. A)「句意」俄羅斯人燒毀了他們的農(nóng)場(chǎng)，炸毀了他們的大壩和電廠。
「難點(diǎn)」blow up 意為“爆炸，炸毀”;blow off 意為“吹掉，被吹走”;blow out 意為“(車(chē)胎)爆裂;熄滅”;blow over意為“逝去,被淡忘”。