動詞后接不定式或動名詞
有些動詞或詞組如admit, appreciate, avoid, consale, defer, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, mention, mind, miss, quit, postpone, practise, resist, risk, (can't) stand, suggest, give up, put off等后面只能接動名詞。例如：
I enjoy playing football.
I don't mind sleeping with the door open.
有些動詞如stop, remember, forget, try, mean等接不定式或動名詞做賓語，意思各不相同。
try doing sth試試看(沒有付諸的行動)
try to do盡力去做(已有行動)
mean doing sth意味著
mean to do sth打算
近義詞辨析
change, alter, convert, modify, vary
這組詞均含有“變化”的意思。
change
最常用，指任何一種變化過程，但多用于指某人或某物發(fā)生根本性轉(zhuǎn)變，失去了原來的身份特征，前后完全不同。
Years of hard work had changed her a great deal.多年辛苦勞作使她變了很多。
alter
指對人或事物的某些特征進行某種程度的更改，但并沒有使人或事物的性質(zhì)發(fā)生根本改變。
She had to ask the dressmaker to alter the dress for her.她不得不請裁縫把衣服改一下。
convert
指使事物的條件、性質(zhì)、功能等發(fā)生重要改變、轉(zhuǎn)換、或轉(zhuǎn)化。
Scientists are trying to find cheaper ways to convert salt water to fresh water.科學(xué)家在努力尋找將海水淡化的更廉價的方法。
modify
指在較小的范圍內(nèi)進行形式上的修改或調(diào)整。
They have to modify the terms of their lease.他們不得不修改租賃條款。
vary
可以指僅僅改變事物的外觀，也可指使事物的內(nèi)在性質(zhì)發(fā)生變化，通常是在同一組事物中將一種情形改變?yōu)榱硪环N情形。
She varies the program each month to make it more attractive.每個月她都對節(jié)目做些變動，使它更吸引人。
全真模擬試題
1. Nowhere in nature is aluminum found free, owing to its always ____ with other elements, most commonly with oxygen.
A. being combined B. having combined
C. to combineD. combined
2. Physics is the presentday equivalent of ____ used to be called natural philosophy, from ____ most of presentday science arose.
A. which, whatB. that, which
C. what, whichD. what, that
3. On no account ____ ever leave the baby at home alone.
A. should youB. you shouldC. shall youD. you shall
4.____the center of our planetary system was considered as heresy by the church in the Middle Ages.
A. It is the sun and not the earth
B. That the sun and not the earth
C. Being the sun and not the earth
D. The sun and not the earth
5. The reason that his property was confiscated by the country, it ____, was that he was involved in a lot of fraudulent activities during the war.
A. was turned outB. was being turned out
C. being turned out D. turned out
6. I'd rather you ____ by train because the weather forecast said there would be heavy snow tomorrow.
A. wentB. shouldgoC. will goD. go
7. Einstein won the Nobel Prize in 1921 and enjoyed great fame in Germany until
the rise of Nazism ____ he was expelled from Germany because he was a Jew.
A. whenB. whoC. thenD. which
8. Nowhere but in the remotest region of the country ____find a place to settle down.
A. can heB. he canC. heD. for him to
9. With one leg broken in that car accident, he cannot even walk, ____ run.
A. let alone B. that's to say
C. not to speak D. not to mention
10. ____, she led a life of complete seclusion.
A. Being disgracedB. Disgraced
C. DisgracingD. She was disgraced
11. Sometimes a bus ____ gets on the bus to check the tickets.
A. agentB. officerC. conductorD. inspector
12. He made a quick ____ from his illness.
A. reliefB. recoveryC. survivalD. relaxation
13. ____ the stress of examinations are over, we can all relax.
A. WhileB. Even thoughC. Now thatD. For
14. My cousin Nancy is often in a poisonous mood; I suppose it's because she is ____ child.
A. oneB. a loneC. a singleD. an only
15. ____ the factors already referred to, people sometimes feel insecure because their motives are misunderstood by others.
A. But forB. Except forC. Apart fromD. Except that
16. If the scheme is ____ carried out without waste of time or energy I shall be completely satisfied.
A.relativelyB. noticeably
C. appropriately D. efficiently
17. One day we all may find it useful to have a(n) ____for sending documents, writing any pictures across the telephone lines.
A. receiverB. echoC. extensionD. facility
18. To their credit the Department of Energy ____ these ideas and funded a detailed study.
A. took overB. took onC. took upD. took to
19. Feeling that she was in the right, she took ____ at the dirty remark.
A. protectionB. offenseC. defenseD. guard
20. They agreed to share in common any ____ of funds after all expenses were paid in full.
A. sufficiencyB. surpassC. excessD. surplus
21. He was____her in intelligence.
A. belowB. underC. beneathD. down
22. It took a lot of imagination to come up with such an ____plan.
A. brightB. cleverC. brilliantD. ingenious
23. In the refining process,rice and flour lose much of their ____.
A. acidB. alcoholC. vitaminD. sulphur
24. Individual lines of the poem were very beautiful, but I didn't see how the lines fit together. To me, the poem wasn't ____.
A. inherentB. coherentC. logicalD. corporate
25. To an especially sensitive child, a simple scolding can be a ____experience.
A. hystericalB. grievousC. graciousD. sensible
試題答案與解析
1. A)「句意」由于鋁總是和其它元素結(jié)合在一起，最常見的是和氧氣在一起，所以自然界中哪里也不會找到單獨的鋁元素。
「難點」owing to 是介詞，后應(yīng)接名詞或動名詞，根據(jù)題意，應(yīng)接被動語態(tài)形式。
2. C)「句意」當(dāng)今的物理就是以前被稱之為自然哲學(xué)的等同物，大多數(shù)現(xiàn)代科學(xué)都產(chǎn)生于自然哲學(xué)。
「難點」what used to be called作定語，修飾natural philosophy,from which引導(dǎo)一個非限制性定語從句。
3. A)「句意」你決不應(yīng)該把小孩一個人放在家里。
「難點」on no account 意為“決不”屬否定意義的詞，引導(dǎo)倒裝句，所以只有A)項正確。
4. B)「句意」太陽系的中心是太陽而不是地球這一事實被中世紀(jì)的教會認(rèn)為是異端邪說。
「難點」That引導(dǎo)主語從句，全句的謂語是was considered.
5. D)「句意」后來證明他的財產(chǎn)被國家沒收的原因是，戰(zhàn)爭期間他參與了詐騙活動。
「難點」it turned out (to be)這里作插入語，意為“證明是…”。
6. A)「句意」我寧愿你乘火車去，因為天氣預(yù)報說明天將有大雪。
「難點」would rather 后接虛擬語氣的從句，用一般過去時。
7. A)「句意」愛因斯坦于1921年獲諾貝爾獎金，在德國享有盛譽。后來隨著納粹主義的興起，他被逐出德國，因為他是個猶太人。
「難點」關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾名詞詞組the rise of Nazism.
8. A)「句意」他只能在最遙遠(yuǎn)的地方找個安身之處。
「難點」Nowhere是否定副詞，位于句首引導(dǎo)倒裝句。
9. A)「句意」在車禍中，他的一條腿骨折，他連走路都不行，更不用說跑了。
「難點」let alone意為“更不必說”;not to mention意為“再加上”;that is to say意為“也就是說”。
10. B)「句意」失寵后，她過著完全隱居的生活。
「難點」disgraced在這里是過去分詞作狀語，表示伴隨狀態(tài)。
11. C)「句意」有時，公共汽車檢票員上車查票。
「難點」bus conductor意為“公共汽車售票員”;agent意為“代理人，中介人”;officer意為“軍官，官員”;inspector意為“檢查員，視察員”。
12. B)「句意」他很快恢復(fù)了健康。
「難點」recovery意為“恢復(fù)，復(fù)蘇”，后接介詞from;relief意為“寬慰，安心”;relaxation意為“放松”;survival意為“生存”。
13. C)「句意」既然考試的緊張已經(jīng)過去，我們現(xiàn)在可以放松了。
「難點」now that意為“既然;由于”，用于新的事情的發(fā)生，接一般現(xiàn)在時的句子。while意為“雖然”;even though意為“即使”，for意為“因為”，不能用于句首。
14. D)「句意」我表妹南希的情緒經(jīng)常很糟，我想這是因為她是獨生子的緣故。
「難點」表示“獨生子”的時候，只能說an only child.
15. C)「句意」除了已經(jīng)提及的因素外，有時人們感到不安全是因為他們的動機被他人誤解。
「難點」apart from是包含在內(nèi)的“除了”;excepr for和except that是不包含在內(nèi)的除了;but for意為“要不是”。
16. D)「句意」如果計劃能在不浪費時間和精力的情況下得到有效實施，我將十分滿意。
「難點」efficiently意為“有效地”;relatively意為“相對地”;noticeably意為“顯而易見地”;appropriately意為“恰當(dāng)?shù)?rdquo;。
17. D)「句意」有朝一日我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)，擁有一個能通過電話線發(fā)送信息、繪制圖片的設(shè)備是非常有用的。
「難點」facility意為“設(shè)備”;receiver意為“電話聽筒”;echo意為“回聲;回音”;extension意為“分機”。
18. C)「句意」令他們感到光榮的是，能源部采納了這些想法并為一個詳細(xì)的研究報告作了資助。
「難點」take up意為“采納(觀點)”;take over意為“接收，接管，占據(jù)”;take on 意為“承擔(dān)”;take to意為“喜歡上”。
19. B)「句意」她覺得自己有理，因此，她對這樣骯臟的話語十分惱怒。
「難點」take offence意為“對…生氣”;protection意為“保護”;defense意為“防衛(wèi)”;guard意為“看守;警戒”。
20. D)「句意」他們同意在全部費用支出后共享剩余的資金。
「難點」surplus意為“剩余，剩余額”;sufficiency意為“足量，充足”;surpass是動詞，不適合本句;excess意為“超過”。
21. A)「句意」他的智力不如她。
「難點」below意為“(智力、地位、軍階等)低于”;under意為“(尺寸、價值、數(shù)量、程度、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等)少于，低于”;beneath意為“在…下方;(地位，級別等)低于，次于”;down意為“往…下端”。
22. D)「句意」想出這樣一個天才的計劃需要豐富的想象力。
「難點」ingenious意為“(方法等)巧妙的;制作精巧的;bright意為”聰明的，機靈的“;clever意為”頭腦機敏的，伶俐的“;brilliant意為”才華橫溢的，有才能的“。
23. C)「句意」在加工過程中，大米和面粉失去大量維生素。
「難點」vitamin是“維生素”，其它詞義不符本題。acid是“酸”;alcohol是“酒精”;sulphur是“硫”。
24. B)「句意」這首詩的每個單行寫得很美，但我不明白各行是如何聯(lián)系在一起的。依我看，這首詩不連貫。
「難點」coherent意為“連貫的，緊湊的”;inherent意為“內(nèi)在的，固有的”;logical意為“邏輯的”;corporate意為“社團的，法人的”。
25. B)「句意」對十分敏感的兒童來說，一次簡單的呵斥可能會成為極其痛苦的經(jīng)歷。
「難點」grievous意為“極痛苦的”;hysterical意為“情緒暴躁不能控制的”;gracious意為“親切的，有禮的”;sensible意為“明白事理的;合情理的”。