最新英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)四考試語(yǔ)法知識(shí)詳解(7)

字號(hào):


    形容詞層迭修飾時(shí)的順序幾個(gè)屬于不同層次的形容詞作修飾語(yǔ)時(shí),其詞序一般按下列順序排列:限定詞→表示說(shuō)話(huà)人評(píng)價(jià)的形容詞→表示大小、形狀、新舊的形容詞→表示顏色的形容詞→表示國(guó)別、來(lái)源、材料的形容詞→表示用途或目的的形容詞→名詞中心詞。例如:
    the town's charming old English church
    a well-known German medical school
    the man's first two interesting little red French oil paintings
    近義詞辨析
    bother, disturb, trouble, worry
    這組詞均含有“不停地?zé)_他人或搞得某人心神不寧”的意思。
    bother和disturb常用于主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)兩種形式中。用于被動(dòng)時(shí),bother指常受到時(shí)有時(shí)無(wú)的小事的煩擾。用于主動(dòng)時(shí),bother的意思比disturb強(qiáng),帶有故意打擾他人的意思。
    If you return me the book, I will stop bothering you.你歸還我的書(shū)后,我就不打擾你了。
    disturb用于被動(dòng)形式時(shí),意思比bother強(qiáng)烈,有時(shí)甚至可指精神錯(cuò)亂。用在主動(dòng)形式時(shí),意思最弱,指某人無(wú)意中打擾他人,這種打擾行為并非存心沖著他人去的。
    The man was mentally disturbed.這個(gè)人精神錯(cuò)亂了。
    trouble和worry主要用于被動(dòng),指被某事搞得心神不寧。
    trouble比worry稍正式些,指麻煩別人一件事而影響他人舒適、方便、效率、健康或心境的平靜等。
    May I trouble you for the book?麻煩您把書(shū)遞給我好嗎?
    worry主要指因?qū)δ呈碌慕Y(jié)果沒(méi)有把握而焦慮不安,還可指某人沉浸在軟弱無(wú)助的情緒或思慮中。
    Worrying about your health can make you sick.經(jīng)常擔(dān)心你的健康,會(huì)使你生病的。
    全真模擬試題
    1. It's not fair that you come home after abad day at work and ____ your wife and children.
    A. take it out onB. take out it on
    C. take out onD. take on it with
    2. She put an extra blanket over the baby for fear that ____.
    A. he catches coldB. he should catch cold
    C. he caught coldD. he be catching cold
    3. Our teacher recommended that we ____ as attentive as possible when we visit the museum.
    A. areB. shall beC. beD.were
    4. You ____ business interfering with my affairs.
    A. have noneB. have no
    C. have none ofthe D. have nothing like
    5. The new cut in interest rate ____ promote domesticinvestment.
    A. means to B. directs toward
    C. is meant toD. leads to
    6. Advertising media like direct mail, radio, television and newspapers ____ to increase the sales of industrial products.
    A.have been usedB. will be used
    C. is being used D. has been used
    7. While being questioned on the court, the man denied ____the old lady's necklace.
    A. having takenB. taking
    C. to have taken D. to take
    8. Dr. Park was accused ____ the patient with overdose of sleeping pills so that the patient's life was terminated before the expected time.
    A.of providingB. with providing
    C. to have providedD. to provide
    9. By the end of next month we ____ this assignment.
    A. will finish B. will be finishing
    C. will have finishedD. have finished
    10. We will be losing money this year unless that new economic plan of yours ____ miracle.
    A.is working B. works
    C. will be working D. worked
    11. It was dark in the cave so she ____ a match.
    A. struckB. hitC. firedD. burned
    12. Mary will not be able to come to the birthday party as she is ____ with a cold.
    A. laid outB. laid upC. laid byD. laid down
    13. She often says her greatest happiness ____ serving the handicapped children.
    A.relies on B. consists in
    C. composes of D. comprises in
    14. To make this ____ clear we shall have to look closely into biology's long history.
    A.distinctionB. indicationC. recognitionD. constitution
    15. Most importantly, such an experience helps ____ aheightened sensitivity to other cultures and will bring about a greater appreciation of one's own culture as well.
    A. coachB. forsakeC. fosterD.censor
    16. When Ann broke the dish she tried to put the____back together.
    A. fragmentsB. piecesC. bitsD. slices
    17. Jane tried to ____ the doorman with money, but she failed.
    A. bribeB. corruptC. awardD. endow
    18. Classification is a useful ____ to the organization of knowledge in any field.
    A. meansB. approachC. modeD. manner
    19. The human race has already paid a heavy price for its slow ____to environmental threats.
    A. responseB. responsibility
    C. resolution D. resistance
    20. We have a high regard for Prof. Joseph because he always ____his principles.
    A. lives onB. lives up to
    C. lives through D. lives with
    21. My grandfather accidentally ____ fire to the house.
    A.putB. tookC.setD. got
    22. We enjoyed the holiday ____ the expense.
    A.exceptB. besides
    C. in addition toD. except for
    23. If you want children to work hard you must ____ their interests instead of their sense of duty.
    A. appeal toB. look intoC. give rise toD. go in for
    24. Basically a robot is a machine which moves, manipulates, joins or processes ____ in the same way as human hand or arm.
    A. characters B. components
    C.catalogues D. collections
    25. Of course, talking about something which affects them personally is ____motivating for students.
    A. chieflyB. correctlyC. currentlyD. eminently
    試題答案與解析
    1. A)「句意」白天的工作不順心,回到家里拿老婆孩子出氣,這是不公平的。
    「難點(diǎn)」take it out on sb. 意為“拿某人出氣”,其中it是無(wú)人稱(chēng)代詞,無(wú)所指,這是一個(gè)固定的結(jié)構(gòu)。
    2. B)「句意」由于害怕孩子感冒,她在孩子身上又蓋了一條毯子。
    「難點(diǎn)」for fear that 后接虛擬語(yǔ)氣,(should) 動(dòng)詞原形。
    3. C)「句意」我們的教師建議我們參觀博物館的時(shí)候注意力應(yīng)盡可能集中。
    「難點(diǎn)」recommend,command ,suggest 等詞后接的賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,即(should) 動(dòng)詞原形。
    4. B)「句意」你沒(méi)有權(quán)力干涉我們的事情。
    「難點(diǎn)」have no business doing /to do something 意為“沒(méi)有權(quán)力,沒(méi)有理由做某事”
    5. C)「句意」利率再次下調(diào)旨在促進(jìn)國(guó)內(nèi)投資。
    「難點(diǎn)」be meant to do 意為“旨在做”;mean to do 意為“打算做,企圖做”;lead to 意為“導(dǎo)致”,后接名詞。
    6. A)「句意」像直接郵件、無(wú)線(xiàn)電、電視和報(bào)紙這樣的廣告媒介一直被用來(lái)促進(jìn)工業(yè)品的銷(xiāo)售。
    「難點(diǎn)」根據(jù)句意,應(yīng)用完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),media 是medium 的復(fù)數(shù)形式。
    7. A)「句意」法庭傳訓(xùn)他的時(shí)候,他否認(rèn)拿了老太太的項(xiàng)鏈。
    「難點(diǎn)」deny后需接動(dòng)名詞,由于動(dòng)作是過(guò)去發(fā)生的,所以選A),動(dòng)名詞的完成式。
    8. A)「句意」帕克大夫被指控向患者提供過(guò)量的安眠藥,結(jié)果造成病人在預(yù)期的時(shí)間前死亡。
    「難點(diǎn)」be accused of 是個(gè)常見(jiàn)的詞組,意為“被控有…罪”。
    9. C)「句意」到下月底,我將完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。
    「難點(diǎn)」by the end of next month (year)是將來(lái)完成時(shí)的典型狀語(yǔ),故選C)。
    10. B)「句意」除非你的新經(jīng)濟(jì)計(jì)劃創(chuàng)造奇跡,否則我們將賠錢(qián)。
    「難點(diǎn)」unless 引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。
    11. A)「句意」巖洞里很黑,她燃著了一根火柴。
    「難點(diǎn)」strike 意為“擦(火柴)”,其它幾個(gè)詞不能和matches搭配。
    12. B)「句意」瑪麗不能來(lái)參加生日晚會(huì)了,因?yàn)樗剂烁忻埃P床在家。
    「難點(diǎn)」lay up 意為“因痛(或傷殘)臥床”,常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài); lay out 意為“擺出,展開(kāi)”;lay by 意為“儲(chǔ)存”;lay down意為“犧牲,獻(xiàn)出”。
    13. B)「句意」她常說(shuō)她最大的快樂(lè)在于為殘疾兒童服務(wù)。
    「難點(diǎn)」consist in 意為“在于,存在于”;rely on 意為“依靠,依賴(lài)”;be composed of 意為“由…構(gòu)成”;comprise 意為“由…組成;構(gòu)成”。
    14. A)「句意」為了搞清楚這一差別,我們必須認(rèn)真地審視一下生物學(xué)發(fā)展的漫長(zhǎng)歷史。
    「難點(diǎn)」distinction意為“區(qū)別;差異”;indication意為“標(biāo)示,跡象”;recognition意為“(正式的)承認(rèn),認(rèn)可,認(rèn)知”;constitution意為“憲法,體制”。
    15. C)「句意」最重要的是,這樣的經(jīng)歷能促進(jìn)人們對(duì)其它文化的感受性,并使他們更欣賞自己的文化。
    「難點(diǎn)」foster意為“培養(yǎng),促進(jìn),助長(zhǎng)”;coach意為“訓(xùn)練,指導(dǎo)”;forsake意為“遺棄,拋棄”;censor意為“審查,檢查”。
    16. A)「句意」安把盤(pán)子打碎后,想把碎片再合在一起。
    「難點(diǎn)」fragment 意為“碎片,碎塊”;piece意為“塊,片”;bit意為“小片;小段”;slice意為“薄片;切片”。
    17. A)「句意」簡(jiǎn)企圖用錢(qián)賄賂看門(mén)人,但失敗了。
    「難點(diǎn)」bribe 意為“收買(mǎi);行賄”;corrupt意為“腐蝕,使墮落”;award意為“授予(獎(jiǎng)品等);給予”;endow意為“資助,捐贈(zèng)”。
    18. B)「句意」分類(lèi)是組織任何領(lǐng)域知識(shí)內(nèi)容的有效方式。
    「難點(diǎn)」approach作“方式,方法;態(tài)度”講時(shí),后接介詞to,其它幾個(gè)詞沒(méi)有這種用法。
    19. A)「句意」人類(lèi)已為他們對(duì)環(huán)境威脅作出的遲緩反應(yīng)付出了重大代價(jià)。
    「難點(diǎn)」response意為“反應(yīng)”后接介詞to ;responsibility意為“責(zé)任”;resolution意為“決心,決定”;resistance意為“抵抗”。
    20. B)「句意」我們十分尊重約瑟夫教授,因?yàn)樗偸切攀卦瓌t。
    「難點(diǎn)」live up to 意為“遵守,實(shí)踐(諾言,原則)”;live on 意為“以…為生”;live through意為“度過(guò),經(jīng)歷過(guò)”;live with 意為“忍受;容忍”。
    21. C)「句意」我爺爺不小心放火燒著了房子。
    「難點(diǎn)」詞組set fire to 意為“點(diǎn)燃,使燃燒”。
    22. D)「句意」除了花很多錢(qián)外,我們的假期很愉快。
    「難點(diǎn)」except指的是除去同類(lèi)的事物,且常用于否定句;besides是包含在內(nèi)的,除了;in addition to 也是包括在內(nèi);except for 是除了不同類(lèi)的事物。
    23. A)「句意」如果你要孩子們努力學(xué)習(xí),你必須喚起他們的興趣而不是責(zé)任感。
    「難點(diǎn)」appeal to 意為“有感染力,有吸引力”;look into 意為“調(diào)查,觀察”;give rise to意為“引起,導(dǎo)致”;go in for意為“愛(ài)好;從事,參與”。
    24. B)「句意」機(jī)器人基本上是一臺(tái)機(jī)器,它能像人的手臂一樣移動(dòng)、操縱、結(jié)合或加工零件。
    「難點(diǎn)」component意為“零件;成分”;character 意為“特性;人格”;catalogue意為“目錄”;collection意為“收集”。
    25. D)「句意」當(dāng)然,談?wù)撘恍┯绊憣W(xué)生個(gè)性的事對(duì)他們是非常有積極作用的。
    「難點(diǎn)」eminently 意為“突出地;明顯地”;chiefly意為“主要地;大部分”;correctly意為“正確地”,currently意為“現(xiàn)時(shí),當(dāng)前”。