be 不定式結(jié)構(gòu)
表示按計劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動作。例如：
There's to be an investigation.
I am to have tea with Betty this afternoon.
這一結(jié)構(gòu)常見于報紙和廣播，用以宣布官方的計劃或決定。例如：
The Queen is to visit Japan next year.
二是表示命令、禁止或可能性等。例如：
You are to stand here. Do you understand?
Tell her she's not to be back late.
一般現(xiàn)在時也可表達將來時間，常見于條件狀語和時間狀語從句。例如：
If she comes, I'll tell her all about it.
Wait here till the meeting is over.
It won't be long before the rain stops.
近義詞辨析
begin, commence, initiate, launch, start
這組詞均含有“開始”的意思。
begin
在這組詞中最常用，泛指開始做某事。但口語中近年來start用得較多。
The band began to play joyful music.樂隊開始演奏歡快的音樂。
commence
比begin用法正式。在宗教或其它儀式及軍事用語中人們傾向用commence.
The officer ordered the soldiers to commence the attack.軍官命令士兵開始進攻。
initiate
指進程中的第一步，與何時停止或結(jié)束沒有關(guān)系。
The government has initiated a new reform program.政府啟動了新的改革方案。
launch
指開始或著手一項活動、計劃等大規(guī)模或聲勢浩大的行動，行動前或行動中有一定的宣傳鼓動。
The company will launch an advertising compaign to introduce its new product.那個公司要發(fā)起廣告攻勢推出自己的新產(chǎn)品。
Start
與stop構(gòu)成反義用法，指從一特定地點出發(fā)，由靜止或等待狀態(tài)開始做某事。在口語中?？纱鎎egin.
They started operations at once.他們馬上開始行動。
全真模擬試題
1. ____ in the past, at the moment it isa favoritechoice for wedding gown.
A. Unpopular has as white been
B. White has been as unpopular
C. Unpopular has been as white
D. Unpopular as white has been
2. ____ for a long time, the fields are all dried up.
A. There has been no rain
B. Having no rain
C. There having been no rain
D. There being no rain
3. The millions of calculations involved, ____ by hand, would have lost all practical value by the time they were finished.
A. had they been done
B. they had been done
C. having been done
D. they were done
4. Televisions enable us to see things happen almost at the exact moment ____.
A. which they are happening
B. they are happening
C. which they happen
D. they have happened
5. ____ me most was that the young boy who had lost both arms in an accident could handle a pen with his feet.
A. That amazed B. It amazed
C.Which amazedD. What amazed
6. Although she wrote a lot of short stories and poems when she was very young, ____ she was twentyfive.
A. her first real success did not come until
B. her real first success came until not
C. since her first real success did not come until
D. not until her first real success
7.You should know better than ____ your little sister at home by herself.
A. to leaveB. leavingC. to have leftD. left
8. As the train will not leave until one hour later, we ____grab a bite at the snack bar.
A. may well B. just as well
C. might as well D. as well
9. She resorted to ____ when she had no money to buyfoods for her children.
A. have stolenB. stealC. stoleD. stealing
10. The boy has admitted to ____ the window while playing football yesterday.
A. breakingB. having been broken
C. break D. be breaking
11. Betty advised me to label our luggage carefully in case it gets____in transit.
A. misusedB. mishandledC. mistakenD. mislaid
12. ____ money, she is quite rich. However, this does not mean that she is happy.
A. Concerning B. As to
C. In terms of D. In the light of
13. A wellwritten composition ____ good choice of words and clear organization among other things.
A. calls forB. calls onC. calls upD. calls off
14. It is ____ with the customer not to let the shop assistants guess what she really likes and wants until the last moment.
A. in her honorB. on her honor
C.a point of honorD. an honor
15. This house will probably come on the ____ next month.
A. fairB. marketC. shopD. store
16. George was introduced to ____ activities at a young age, when she was hire to act as a lookout for drugdealers.
A. illegalB. lawfulC. faithfulD. peaceful
17. An institution that properly carries the name university is a more comprehensive and complex institution than any other kind of higher education____.
A. settlementB. establishmentC. costructionD. structure
18. People's status in society is frequently ____ by how much they own.
A. measuredB. examinedC. testedD. questioned
19. Jack is so ____ to his appearance that he never has his clothes pressed.
A. adverseB. anonymousC. indifferentD. casual
20. There is an increasing ____ to make movies describing violence.
A. strengthB. directionC. traditionD. trend
21. Outside my office window there is a fire ____ on the right.
A. escapeB. ladderC. stepsD. stairs
22. I ____ with the Browns during my stay in New York City.
A. put inB. put downC. put onD. put up
23. Operations which left patients ____ and in need of long periods of discovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable.
A. exhaustedB. unhealthyC. upsetD. fearful
24. Farmers are allowed to grow small gardens of their own and they sell their vegetables ____ the black market.
A. onB.atC. in D. for
25. The electric fan does not work because of the ____of service.
A. pauseB. breakC. interruptionD. breakdown
試題答案與解析
1. D)「句意」雖然白色過去不受歡迎，但目前它是婚紗的首選顏色。
「難點」as是連詞，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，往往使用半倒裝形式。又如：Beautiful as she is, she is foolish.
2. C)「句意」由于長時間無雨，田野變得十分干燥。
「難點」該句的前半部分是There be結(jié)構(gòu)，完成式獨立結(jié)構(gòu)形式，這與時間狀語for a long time相吻合。
3. A)「句意」數(shù)百萬次計算如果用手工操作，那么，到計算結(jié)束的時候，就將失去其全部實際意義。
「難點」這是一句虛擬語氣的句子，條件句使用了省略if的倒裝句形式，動作與過去事實相反。
4. B)「句意」電視使我們能夠在事情發(fā)生的那一瞬間就看到它們是如何發(fā)生的。
「難點」moment后接的是省略關(guān)系副詞when的定語從句。B)符合題意要求。
5. D)「句意」最令我驚訝的是，這個在車禍中失去雙臂的小男孩能夠用腳使用鋼筆。
「難點」這是一個what從句作主語的典型句子。
6. A)「句意」雖然她很小的時候就寫了很多短篇小說和詩歌，但她直到25歲才迎來第一次真正的成功。
「難點」這是一個練習(xí)not until結(jié)構(gòu)的句子。
7. A)「句意」你應(yīng)該知道，不該把你小妹妹一個人留在家里。
「難點」to know better than to do sth.是一個常見的表示責(zé)備的句型，意為“應(yīng)該知道不該做某事”。
8. C)「句意」既然火車一個小時以后才開，我們不妨到快餐店吃口東西。
「難點」might as well后接動詞原形，意為“不妨，何不”。
9. D)「句意」當(dāng)她沒錢為孩子買吃的東西時，她開始偷。
「難點」resort to意為:求助于，其中to是介詞，后接動名詞。
10. A)「句意」那個男孩承認在昨天踢足球的時候打破了窗子。
「難點」admit to中的to是介詞，后接名詞或動名詞。
11. D)「句意」貝蒂建議我把我們的行李認真地貼上標簽以免運輸中放錯位置。
「難點」mislay意為“把……放錯地方”;misuse意為“錯用濫用”;mishandle意為“瞎弄，胡亂操作”;mistake意為“誤選”。
12. C)「句意」就錢而言，她很富裕。然而這并不意味著她幸福。
「難點」in terms of意為“從……方面來說”;concerning意為“關(guān)于”;as to也是“關(guān)于;至于”;in the light of 意為“鑒于，由于”。
13. A)「句意」一篇好文章，除其它因素外，還要求選詞優(yōu)美，組織清晰。
「難點」call for意為“要求，需要”;call on意為“號召，請求”;call up意為“使人想起”;call off意為“取消，停止做”。
14. C)「句意」對于顧客來說，直到最后時刻才讓售貨員猜出她真正喜歡什么，真正想買什么，這是一個涉及面子的問題。
「難點」a point of honor意為“涉及名譽的事情”;in one's honor意為“為某人的榮譽”; on one's honor意為“以名譽擔(dān)保”;an honor意為“光榮的人或事”。
15. B)「句意」這座房子可能下月上市。
「難點」on the market意為“上市，出售”; fair意為“集市;廟會;交易會”;shop是“商店”;store是“儲存;倉庫”。
16. A)「句意」很小的時候，喬治被介紹參與了非法活動，他受雇為毒販子放哨。
「難點」illegal 意為“不合法的，非法的”;lawful 意為“依法的，守定的”;faithful意為“忠實的，守信的”;peaceful 意為“平靜的;安寧的”。
17. B)「句意」能稱得上大學(xué)稱號的機構(gòu)是一個比其他種類高等教育機構(gòu)都更復(fù)雜更綜合的機構(gòu)。
「難點」establishment 意為“企業(yè)，設(shè)施(公司，學(xué)校，醫(yī)院，教會等)”;settlement意為“定居點;殖民地”;construction意為“建造;建筑物”;structure是“結(jié)構(gòu)，構(gòu)造”。
18. A)「句意」人的社會地位常常由他們擁有的財富的多少來衡量。
「難點」measure 意為“估量，衡量”;examine 意為“檢查;仔細觀察”;test意為“試驗，測試”;question意為“詢問，審問”。
19. C)「句意」杰克從不注意自己的外表，衣服從來不燙。
「難點」indifferent意為“漠不關(guān)心的”; adverse意為“不利的，反對的”;anonymous 意為“匿名的”; casual意為“非正式的，不拘禮節(jié)的”。
20. D)「句意」暴力片的拍攝大有上升趨勢。
「難點」trend意為“傾向，趨勢”;strength意為“力量，實力”;direction意為“方向”;tradition 意為“傳統(tǒng)”。
21. A)「句意」我辦公室的窗外右側(cè)有一個救生樓梯。
「難點」fire escape 意為“防火安全樓梯(位于樓房的外側(cè)面)”;ladder意為“梯子”;steps意為“臺階”;stairs意為“樓梯”，指室內(nèi)的。
22. D)「句意」我在紐約市逗留期間和布朗一家人過了一夜。
「難點」put up意為“宿夜”;put in 意為“度過，消磨(時間等)”;put down意為“寫下，記錄”;put on 意為“上演，演出”。
23. A)「句意」以前，病人手術(shù)后精疲力竭，需長時間才能恢復(fù)，現(xiàn)在手術(shù)的病人卻感到既輕松又舒適。
「難點」exhausted 意為“精疲力竭的”;unhealthy意為“不健康的”;upset意為“苦惱的，不適的”;fearful 意為“擔(dān)心的，可怕的”。
24. A)「句意」農(nóng)夫們被允許在自己的菜園耕種，并將蔬菜拿到黑市上去賣。
「難點」on the market 意為“上市，出售中”，其它介詞搭配不合適。
25. C)「句意」由于中止了服務(wù)，所以電扇不轉(zhuǎn)了。
「難點」interruption 意為“中止，中斷”;pause 意為“暫停，間歇”;break意為“停頓，間歇”;breakdown意為“損壞，故障”。