關(guān)于used to的意義和用法
used to (只有過去時形式，沒有現(xiàn)在時形式)表示過去習(xí)慣動作或狀態(tài)，這種情況現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在。例如：
He used to smoke a lot, but he has long given up smoking.
在否定陳述句或否定疑問句中，用didn't use to或usedn't to均可：
He didn't use to smoke cigarettes.
He usedn't to smoke cigarettes.
Didn't Maria use to be interested in the theatre?
Usedn't Maria to be interested in the theatre?
在肯定疑問句中也可有兩種形式：
Used you to go to the same school as Edward?
Did you use to go to the same school as Edward?
近義詞辨析
use, apply, avail, employ, utilize
這組詞均含有“使用”或“利用”之意。
use
強(qiáng)調(diào)利用人或物作為工具。
He used up all his resources in experimenting with the new paint.他為實驗新的涂料，花光了一切錢財。
apply
指把某物或某種方法、原理等加以應(yīng)用。
We should not only know the theory but also know how to apply it to practice.我們不僅要知道理論，還要知道怎樣把理論應(yīng)用于實踐。
avail
指使用就近的或他人給予的東西，或使別人為自己提供服務(wù)。
I don't think complaints will avail you much.我覺得抱怨對你沒多大用處。
We avail ourselves of every opportunity to speak English.我們利用一切機(jī)會講英語。
employ
指使用未被利用的東西;用于人時表示雇用。
He doesn't know how to employ his energy and time.他不知道該怎么利用他的精力和時間。
utilize
指充分發(fā)揮某物的作用，使無用的東西變有用，或使人或物有新用途。
She hopes to utilize her artistic talents in the job.她希望在工作中發(fā)揮她的藝術(shù)才能。
全真模擬試題
1. My pain ____ apparent the moment I walked into the room, for the first man I met asked sympathetically: “Are you feeling all right?”
A. must beB. must have beenC. had beenD. had to be
2. It is only when you nearly lose someone ____ fully conscious of how much you value him.
A. do you becomeB.then you become
C. that you becomeD.have you become
3. Just as the soil is a part of the earth, ____ the atmosphere.
A. as it isB. so isC. the same asD. and so is
4. While driving along the treacherous road, ____.
A. my right rear tyre blew out
B. my right rear tyre had a blowout
C.I had a blownout on my right rear tyre
D. I had my right rear tyre blowout
5. Jean Wagner's most enduring contribution to the study of AfroAmerican poetry is his insistence that it ____ in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.
A. is to be analysedB. has been analysed
C. be analysedD. should have been analysed
6.____ there is little we can do to modify the weather, we can at least know what kind of weather to expect.
A. SinceB.WhenC.WhileD. Unless
7.This organization brought Western artists together in the hope ofmaking more of an impact on the artcommunity ____ any of them could individually and to promote Western art by women.
A. rather thanB.ratherC. thanD. other than
8. But the Swiss discovered long years ago that constant warfare brought them ____ suffering and poverty.
A. anything butB. nothing but
C. none other thanD. no more than
9. After ____ seemed an endless wait,it was her turn to step into the doctor's office.
A.itB.thatC.whatD. which
10. The board deemed it's urgent that these files ____right away.
A. had to be printedB. should have been printed
C. must be printedD. should be printed
11. His answer was so confused that I could hardly make any ____of it at all.
A. explanationB. meaningC. senseD. interpretation
12. You should have your eyes tested every year in case the ____ofyour spectacles need changing.
A. lensesB.glassesC.sightsD.crystals
13. The school committee hoped that their choice of play would be ______ with the students and their parents.
A. recognizedB. popularC. favorableD. fascinated
14. By cutting down trees we ____ the natural home of birds and animals.
A. harmB. hurtC. injureD. damage
15. Mr. Robinson knew that the most trivial chore could prove to be a ____ if approached with enthusiasm.
A. prizeB. rewardC.refundD. bonus
16. The trade union s in this industry are ____ any reduction in wages.
A. objecting againstB. opposed to
C. reacted toD.resisting against
17. She was teaching me ____ you would teach a younger child to speak the language.
A. the wayB.in the wayC. a wayD.to the way
18. The Brownings have not ____ yet and I doubt whether they will come.
A turned inB. turned outC.turned upD. turned to
19.We went on a(n) ____ to the mountain yesterday.
A.excursionB.tripC. tourD. travel
20.When Sarah and I ____ on an article for the school newspaper, we found it difficult to work together.
A. compiledB. gathered
C. collaboratedD. collected
21.Beth could ____ her coat because it hadlargered buttons.
A. recognizeB.proveC.defineD. claim
22.Postal ____ are determined by the class and weight of the parcel mailed.
A. taxesB.paymentC. feesD. premium
23.My father is so deaf that he has to use a hearing____.
A. helpB. aidC.supportD.tool
24.On New Year's Eve, there will be a firework ____at People's Square.
A. displayB.performanceC. showD. exhibition
25.The ____ of beer and alcohol in New Zealand is very high.
A. consumptionB. useC.drinkD. absorption
試題答案與解析
1. B)「句意」我剛一走進(jìn)房間時一定表現(xiàn)得很痛苦，因為我遇到的第一個人同情地問我：“你沒事吧?”
「難點(diǎn)」must與完成時不定式連用往往表示對過去發(fā)生的事情的主觀推測，常譯成“一定是…”。
2. C)「句意」只有當(dāng)你快要失去什么人時，你才充分意識到他對你是多么重要。
「難點(diǎn)」該句是一個典型的強(qiáng)調(diào)句式，即It is……that……。
3. B)「句意」正像土壤是地球的一部分，大氣層也是。
「難點(diǎn)」Just as……，so……為一固定結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“正如…，…也…”。
4. C)「句意」當(dāng)我在險峻的山路上駕車急馳時，車的右后胎爆了。
「難點(diǎn)」此句為一個帶有時間狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句。在英語中，由while, when等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，如果其主語與主句中的主語相同，從句中的主語可以省略，而只剩下分詞短語。駕車的應(yīng)該是人，所以只能從C)和D)選，而D)的意義不符，所以選C)。
5. C)「句意」杰恩·瓦格那對亞非詩歌最永恒的貢獻(xiàn)是他堅持認(rèn)為，這類詩歌除用凡俗的參考框架，還應(yīng)用宗教的參考框架進(jìn)行研究。
「難點(diǎn)」insistence是個從insist派生來的名詞，二者后面分別接同位語從句和賓語從句，句中皆應(yīng)使用虛擬形式，即should 動詞原形或動詞原形。
6. C)「句意」盡管我們在改變天氣方面無能為力，但我們至少知道天氣未來的變化。
「難點(diǎn)」while除表示時間外，還可表示轉(zhuǎn)折、讓步，意為“盡管，雖然”。該句中其它選項不具備此意。
7. C)「句意」該組織把西部藝術(shù)家聚集在一起，希望他們比任何個人都能更多地影響藝術(shù)界，并由婦女來促進(jìn)西部藝術(shù)。
「難點(diǎn)」選項C)的than與句中的more形成正確搭配，意為“比…都…”，故為答案。
8. B)「句意」但是多年以前瑞士人就發(fā)現(xiàn)連年不斷的戰(zhàn)爭給他們帶來的只有苦難和貧窮。
「難點(diǎn)」nothing but意為“僅僅，只不過”;anything but意為“除…以外的任何事”;none other than意為“不是別人，正是…”;no more than意為“不過，僅僅”。
9. C)「句意」在經(jīng)過一段似乎是漫無邊際的等候之后，終于輪到她走進(jìn)醫(yī)生的辦公室。
「難點(diǎn)」在由after引導(dǎo)的介詞短語中，what seemed(to be)起定語作用，修飾an endless wait.又如：I saw what seemed to be a fox.我看見一個似乎是狐貍的東西。
10. D)「句意」董事會認(rèn)為這些卷宗應(yīng)立刻打印。
「難點(diǎn)」urgent在句中做形式賓語it的補(bǔ)足語，其后的賓語從句應(yīng)使用虛擬式，即should 動詞原形。
11. C)「句意」他的答案很不清楚，我根本弄不懂。
「難點(diǎn)」sense意為“意義;含義”,短語make sense of意為“弄懂…的意思”;explanation意為“解釋，說明，闡述”，側(cè)重說明事件的真相、原因;meaning意為“意義，意思;含義”，但不能在make sense of 短語中代替sense;interpretation意為“解釋，說明，闡明”，比較正式。
12. A)「句意」你應(yīng)該每年檢查一次自己的眼睛，因為你的眼鏡鏡片也許需要更換。
「難點(diǎn)」lenses意為“鏡片”;glasses意為“眼鏡”;sights意為“視野;風(fēng)景”;crystals意為“水晶，晶體”。
13. B)「句意」校董會希望他們選擇的那出劇會受到孩子和家長的歡迎。
「難點(diǎn)」popular意為“討人喜歡的;得人心的;受歡迎的”。recognized意為“被賞識的;受表彰的”。favorable意為“贏得贊許的;討人喜歡的”，但后面不能接with.fascinated意為“被迷住的，被弄得神魂顛倒的”。
14. D)「句意」我們砍伐樹木的行為損壞了鳥獸的自然家園。
「難點(diǎn)」damage意為“加害于…，損傷…”;harm意為“對…有害”;hurt意為“疼痛，受傷，(精神上)傷害”;injure意為“使受傷”，身體受外力傷害。
15. B)「句意」羅賓遜先生知道，如果帶著熱情去做，最瑣碎的家務(wù)也能證明是一種報償。
「難點(diǎn)」reward意為“報答;獎賞”;prize意為“獎金，獎品”;refund意為“退款”;bonus意為“獎金，紅利”。
16. B)「句意」該行業(yè)工會反對降低工資。
「難點(diǎn)」be opposed to意為“反對，對抗”;object against不常用;react to意為“作出反應(yīng)，反應(yīng)”;resist不與against連用。
17. A)「句意」她教我那門語言的方式簡直就象在教一個小孩說話。
「難點(diǎn)」the way后接從句，意為“以…方式”。in the way意為“妨礙(某人)”。a way 和to the way不是固定搭配。
18. C)「句意」勃朗寧一家人還沒露面，我懷疑他們會不會來。
「難點(diǎn)」turn up意為“出現(xiàn)，露面”;turn in意為“歸還，遞交…”;turn out意為“原來是，證明是”;turn to 意為“求助于;求教于”。
19. A)「句意」昨天我們到那座山里進(jìn)行了一次遠(yuǎn)足觀光。
「難點(diǎn)」excursion意為“遠(yuǎn)足，短途旅行”;trip意為“旅游出行;行程”;tour意為“游歷;觀光”;travel意為“(長途)旅行”。
20. C)「句意」當(dāng)我和薩拉為校報合作一篇文章時，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)很難在一起工作。
「難點(diǎn)」collaborate意為“合作，合著”;compile意為“匯集;編輯”;gather意為“聚會，集會”;collect意為“收集;集合”。
21. A)「句意」貝絲能認(rèn)出自己的大衣，因為她的大衣上有紅色的大鈕扣。
「難點(diǎn)」recognize意為“認(rèn)出，識別”;prove意為“證明，證實”;define意為“下定義”;claim意為“認(rèn)領(lǐng);索取”。
22. C)「句意」郵資是根據(jù)所郵包裹的等級和重量來定的。
「難點(diǎn)」fee意為“費(fèi)(如會費(fèi)，入場費(fèi)，手續(xù)費(fèi)等)”;tax意為“稅，稅款”;payment意為“支付，付款”;premium意為“津貼;酬金”。
23. B)「句意」我父親耳聾得厲害，不得不使用助聽器。
「難點(diǎn)」aid意為“輔助器具”;help意為“幫助”;support意為“支持”;tool意為“工具”。
24. A)「句意」新年除夕，人民廣場將舉行焰火表演。
「難點(diǎn)」display意為“展示性表演”;performance意為“文藝演出;表演”;show意為“展覽;展覽會”;exhibition也是“展覽會”，屬銷售性質(zhì)。
25. A)「句意」在新西蘭，啤酒和白酒的消費(fèi)量很大。
「難點(diǎn)」consumption意為“消費(fèi)量”;use意為“使用，用途”;drink意為“飲料”;absorption意為“吸收”。