集體名詞作主語(yǔ)主謂一致
1)通常作復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞
集體名詞，如：police, people,cattle,militia,poultry等，
通常作復(fù)數(shù)，用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。如：
Domestic cattle provide us with milk, beef and hides.
2)通常作不可數(shù)名詞的集體名詞
有些集體名詞，如foliage,machinery,equipment,furniture,merchandise,通常作不可數(shù)名詞，隨后的動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：All the machinery in the factory is made in China.
3)既可作單數(shù)也可作復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞
集體名詞，如audience, committee, class, crew, family, public, government等，既可作單數(shù)，也可作復(fù)數(shù)用。
The city council is meeting to set its agenda.
4)a committee,etc. of 復(fù)數(shù)名詞
如果主語(yǔ)是由“a committee of /a panel of /a board of 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”構(gòu)成，隨后的動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。
例如：
A committee of five men and three women is to consider the matter.
近義詞辨析
tired, exhausted, fatigued, weary, worn out
這組詞均含有“疲憊的”的意思。
tired
可指因體力或腦力消耗太多而需要休息，還可指因長(zhǎng)期做某事而失去興趣。
Henry was so tired that he went to bed immediately after he got home.亨利很疲憊，一到家就上床睡覺(jué)去了。
exhausted
表達(dá)的疲憊程度最強(qiáng)，指因勞累過(guò)度而精疲力竭。
The exhausted engineer fell asleep on the bus.精疲力竭的工程師在公共汽車(chē)上睡著了。
fatigued
所表達(dá)的疲勞程度比tired和weary強(qiáng)，表示由于過(guò)度勞累而引起疲乏，不能再繼續(xù)下去。
He felt fatigued and didn't want to say a single word.他疲憊不堪，不想說(shuō)一句話。
weary
語(yǔ)氣比tired強(qiáng)，指由于長(zhǎng)時(shí)間努力工作或由于做單一的事而引起疲倦。
After a long and weary wait, the plane finally came to take them back.經(jīng)過(guò)漫長(zhǎng)而又令人疲乏的等待后，飛機(jī)終于來(lái)接他們回去了。
worn out
這個(gè)詞不太正式，多用于口語(yǔ)。
The troops were wornout after winning the battle.戰(zhàn)后,部隊(duì)疲憊不堪。
全真模擬試題
1. Although ____ Spanish, he attended the course.
A. he was knowingB. he is knowing
C. having a knowledge ofD. knows
2. You ____that letter to James. However, you didn't.
A. ought to writeB. ought to have written
C. should writeD. should be writing
3. Joseph was very lucky ____ with his life; he almost did not get out of the room.
A. to escapeB. to have escaped
C. to escapingD. to be escaping
4. Bread and butter ____liked by Westerners.
A. isB. areC. wereD. be
5. The back garden of our house contains a lawn, ____very pleasant to sit on in summer.
A. which isB. which it isC. it isD.where it is
6. He set up in business ____ his own and was very successful.
A. inB.ofC.onD. by
7. John's score on the test is the highest in the class; he ____ last night.
A. must studyB. should have studied
C. must have studiedD. is sure to study
8. Frank almost never received any education, ____?
A. would heB. did he
C. didn't heD. wouldn't he
9.Even if his letter ____ tomorrow, it ____too late to do anything.
A.will arrive……isB.should arrive……were
C.arrives……will beD.arrives……would be
10. We can hear____from the back of the room.
A. just as goodB.just as easy
C.just as wellD.easily as well
11. To obtain a satisfactory result, one must apply two ____of paint on a clean surface.
A.coatsB. levelsC.timesD. courses
12. The small mountain village was ____ by the snow for more than one month.
A. cut backB.cut out
C.cut offD. cut away
13. Miss Green was ____ $100 for driving after drinking.
A. finedB.chargedC.punishedD.posed
14. Modern ____ perhaps causes more problems than it solves.
A. technique B.technology
C. tactics D.tendency
15. Mary tiptoed over and took the clock away because she hated to hear it ____ when she was trying to go tosleep.
A. soundingB. ringingC. tickingD. humming
16. Under this ____ pressure some of the rocks even became liquid.
A. intensiveB.weightyC.intenseD.bulky
17. Of course, most immigrants did not get rich overnight, but the ____ of them were eventually able to improve upon their former standard of living.
A. maximumB.minorityC. majorityD.minimum
18. Nancy was surprised that they have ____. They seemed to be a happy couple.
A. split upB.broken down
C. fallen throughD. knocked out
19.The beach is in an ideal ____ to draw tourists.
A. conditionB. situationC. stateD. publicity
20. Our ____ sensitivity decreases with age. By age 60, most people have lost 40 percent of their ability tosmell and 50 percent of their taste buds.
A. sensibleB. senseless
C. sensitiveD. sensory
21. The eldest child is thoroughly ____ because they always give him whatever he wants.
A. wastedB. spoiled
C.destroyed D.uneducated
22. If a substance is dissolved in water or heated, it may ____ a gas.
A. give intoB. give over
C. give offD. give away
23. His manner was so pleasant that Bolla felt at ____ with him at once.
A. peaceB. largeC. easeD. best
24. —Can you takethe day off tomorrow?
—Well, I'll have to get ____ from my boss.
A. permissionB. permit
C. allowanceD. possession
25. The ____ in Janet's character has hindered her from advancement in her career.
A. weaknessB. merit
C. defectD. shortcoming
試題答案與解析
1. C)「句意」雖然只懂一點(diǎn)西班牙語(yǔ)，但他還是參加了這個(gè)課程的學(xué)習(xí)。
「難點(diǎn)」know是靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞，不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí);選knows從句中又缺少主語(yǔ)。knowledge作“知識(shí)”講時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞，但作“了解”講時(shí)，前面可加“a”，常用于詞組have a knowledge of中，所以選C)。
2. B)「句意」你本應(yīng)該給詹姆斯寫(xiě)信，然而，你沒(méi)寫(xiě)。
「難點(diǎn)」ought to have written是虛擬語(yǔ)氣，與本句句意相符。
3. B)「句意」約瑟夫幸運(yùn)地逃了性命;他險(xiǎn)些沒(méi)從房間里逃出來(lái)。
「難點(diǎn)」to have escaped 是不定式的完成式，表示過(guò)去的某一動(dòng)作業(yè)已完成。
4. A)「句意」黃油面包受西方人青睞。
「難點(diǎn)」bread and butter 是西方人吃的一種食品，雖然有三個(gè)字，表達(dá)的卻是一個(gè)東西，并且是不可數(shù)名詞，作單數(shù)。
5. A)「句意」我家的后花園有一片草坪，夏天坐在上面會(huì)令你心曠神怡。
「難點(diǎn)」which引出非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，在句中作主語(yǔ)，且和sit on 構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。類(lèi)似的句子有：This room is comfortable to live in 這句中l(wèi)ive in 和this room構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。
6. C)「句意」他獨(dú)自一人開(kāi)始經(jīng)商，并且做得很成功。
「難點(diǎn)」on one's own 是個(gè)常用的介詞詞組，意為“獨(dú)自”;of one'sown表示“某人自己的(東西)”，如：I have a flat of my own.我自己有套房子。
7. C)「句意」約翰的考試分?jǐn)?shù)全班最高;他昨天晚上一定學(xué)習(xí)了。
「難點(diǎn)」表示對(duì)過(guò)去某一動(dòng)作行為的猜測(cè)須要用must have done這一句型結(jié)構(gòu)。
8. B)「句意」弗蘭克幾乎從未受過(guò)任何教育，是不是?
「難點(diǎn)」這是一句含有否定副詞never的一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句子，由于主句為否定形式，所以反意問(wèn)句用肯定形式。
9. C)「句意」即使他的信明天到也無(wú)濟(jì)于事了。
「難點(diǎn)」在條件句中表示現(xiàn)在將來(lái)的時(shí)間，需要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句中使用將來(lái)時(shí)。
10. C)「句意」我們?cè)诜块g的后面也能聽(tīng)得很清楚。
「難點(diǎn)」as well意為“(程度)同樣地好”，是副詞短語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞hear;just表示程度，意為“剛好”。
11. A)「句意」為獲得一個(gè)滿意的結(jié)果，你必須在一個(gè)干凈的表面上涂?jī)蓪佑推帷＊?BR> 「難點(diǎn)」coat意為“覆蓋物，層”;level意為“(建筑物)樓層”;times意為“次，回”;courses意為“(一層)磚面;一排”。
12. C)「句意」這個(gè)小山村被大雪封住達(dá)一個(gè)多月。
「難點(diǎn)」cut back意為“削減;縮減”;cut out意為“停止;切下”;cut off意為“切斷;使隔斷”;cut away意為“切除;砍掉”。
13. A)「句意」格林小姐因酒后駕車(chē)被罰100美元。
「難點(diǎn)」fine意為“處…以罰金”;charge意為“要(價(jià))，收(費(fèi))，要(人)支付(錢(qián))”;punish意為“罰，懲罰”;pose意為“造成，引起(困難)”。
14. B)「句意」現(xiàn)代技術(shù)所引發(fā)的問(wèn)題也許比它所能解決的要多。
「難點(diǎn)」technique意為“技法;具體的技術(shù)”;technology意為“工業(yè)技術(shù)”;tactics意為“戰(zhàn)術(shù)，兵法，策略”;tendency意為“傾向”。
15. C)「句意」瑪麗躡手躡腳走過(guò)來(lái)把鐘拿走了，因?yàn)樗憛捲谧约合胨X(jué)的時(shí)候聽(tīng)它滴噠地響。
「難點(diǎn)」sound意為“作聲，發(fā)聲，響”;ring意為“鳴，發(fā)出清脆響亮的聲音”;tick意為“發(fā)出滴噠聲”;hum意為“發(fā)連續(xù)低沉的聲音(如蜜蜂、馬達(dá)的嗡嗡聲)”。
16. C)「句意」在這種強(qiáng)大的壓力下，一些巖石甚至變成了液體。
「難點(diǎn)」intensive意為“加強(qiáng)的;集中的”;weighty意為“沉重的;笨重的”;intense意為“強(qiáng)烈的，劇烈的”;bulky意為“龐大的;粗壯的”。
17. C)「句意」當(dāng)然，大多數(shù)移民不是一夜之間就發(fā)財(cái)?shù)模撬麄兇蠖嘧罱K改善了自己的生活水平。
「難點(diǎn)」maximum意為“最大限量;最高點(diǎn)”;minority意為“少數(shù)，半數(shù)以下”;majority意為“大多數(shù)”;minimum意為“最低限度，最低點(diǎn)”。
18. A)「句意」南希對(duì)他們的離婚表示十分驚訝，因?yàn)樗麄兯坪跏且粚?duì)快樂(lè)的夫婦。
「難點(diǎn)」split up意為“分裂，離婚”;break down意為“(精神方面)垮掉;(健康)變得
衰弱;崩潰“;fall through意為”失敗;成為泡影“;knock out意為”使筋疲力盡“。
19. B)「句意」這片海灘所處位置理想，吸引了很多游客。
「難點(diǎn)」condition意為“狀況;形勢(shì)”;situation意為“位置，地點(diǎn)，環(huán)境”;state意為“狀態(tài)，情形”;publicity意為“公眾的注意，名聲”。
20. D)「句意」我們的感官能力隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)而下降。比如說(shuō)，到60歲的時(shí)候，多數(shù)人失去了他們40%的嗅覺(jué)能力和50%的味覺(jué)能力。
「難點(diǎn)」sensible意為“明智的，合情理的”;senseless意為“失去知覺(jué)的，不省人事的”;sensitive意為“敏感的”;sensory意為“感覺(jué)的，傳遞感覺(jué)的”。
21. B)「句意」他們的大孩子被徹底寵壞了，因?yàn)樗裁矗麄兙徒o什么。
「難點(diǎn)」waste意為“使衰弱;使消瘦”;spoil意為“寵壞，溺愛(ài)”;destroy意為“破壞;毀滅”;uneducated意為“未受(良好)教育的”。
22. C)「句意」如果一種物質(zhì)溶解在水里或被加熱，它可能釋放出一種氣體。
「難點(diǎn)」give into為非固定搭配;give over意為“托付，交托”;giveoff意為“散發(fā)”;give away意為“送掉，分發(fā)(獎(jiǎng)品)等”。
23. C)「句意」他那平易近人的風(fēng)度使得博拉立刻放松了情緒。
「難點(diǎn)」at peace意為“和平地”;at large意為“自由地;大體地”;at ease意為“不拘束”;at best意為“至多”。
24. A)「句意」——你明天能休一天嗎?
——呵，我要征得老板的允許。
「難點(diǎn)」permission意為“允許”;permit意為“許可證”;allowance意為“津貼”;possession意為“擁有”。
25. C)「句意」詹妮特的性格缺陷阻礙了她事業(yè)進(jìn)步。
「難點(diǎn)」weakness意為“弱點(diǎn);嗜好”;merit意為“優(yōu)點(diǎn)，長(zhǎng)處”;defect意為“缺點(diǎn)，缺陷”;shortcoming意為“缺點(diǎn)，短處”。