八、同位語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)
同位語(yǔ)考試形式一：名詞作主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)___, __, ___ (注意是兩個(gè)逗號(hào))
例1：The tongue , ___, is an important aid in chewing and swallowing .
(A) is the chief organ of taste
(B) tasting the organ chiefly
(C) the chief organ of taste
(D) the organ chiefly tastes
分析：空格處顯然缺定語(yǔ)或同位語(yǔ)。句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞is, 故先排除A和D。(B)不合題意，故也可排除。(C)是名詞短語(yǔ)，適合作主語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)，使句子完整，句意正確，故選(C)。
同位語(yǔ)考試形式二：名詞作主語(yǔ)，后面的名詞是主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)，解釋說(shuō)明后面的名詞
___, ___ (注意是一個(gè)逗號(hào))
例2：A prolific writer of prose and verse, ___of Native Americans in her novel, Century of Dishonor.
(A) Helen Hunt Jackson took up the cause
(B) the cause taken up by Helen Hunt Jackson
(C) was Helen Hunt Jackson's cause
(D) the cause that Helen Hunt Jackson took up.
分析：空格前為名詞短語(yǔ)，空格后為介詞短語(yǔ)，空格處明顯缺主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)空格前名詞短語(yǔ)的意思判斷，主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是人名而不是指物的名詞，故選(A)。
例3：Often very annoying weeds ,___and act as hosts to many insect pests.
(A) that crowd out less hardy plants than goldenrods
(B) crowding out less hardy plants by goldenrods
(C) the goldenrod's crowding out of less hardy plants
(D) goldenrods crowd out less hardy plants
分析：空格后面是and, 句中缺少與and并列的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。A只有從句沒(méi)有主句; B,C分別是分詞和名詞短語(yǔ), 無(wú)法與動(dòng)詞act并列; D 包含主語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)goldenrods和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞crowd，故選(D)
同位語(yǔ)考試形式三：主謂賓后面出現(xiàn)一個(gè)名詞，那么名詞可以作賓語(yǔ)或者表語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)
例4：An Olympic marathon is 26 miles and 385 yards, approximately___from Marathon to Athens.
(A) the distance is
(B) that the distance is
(C) is that the distance
(D) the distance
分析：逗號(hào)前為完整的句子，后面如果再接句子一定要有連接詞或者從句引導(dǎo)詞。A、B、C均為主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，但都沒(méi)有從句引導(dǎo)詞，故排除。D是名詞短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)，故選(D)。