[英語語法手冊(cè)]非限定動(dòng)詞 C

字號(hào):


    含有動(dòng)詞不定式的復(fù)合賓語
    動(dòng)詞不定式可用作復(fù)合賓語中的賓浯補(bǔ)足語??捎羞@種復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有get(請(qǐng))ask(請(qǐng)求),order(命令)persuade(說服),advise(勸告)like(喜歡),want(想要)tell(),know(知道)help(幫助),call on(號(hào)召,請(qǐng)求),等等。如:
    He got someone to repair the door.他請(qǐng)人修理門。
    I persuaded my brother to change his mind.我說服我弟弟改變了主意。
    The doctor advised him to take a good rest.大夫勸他好好休息。
    在某些及物動(dòng)詞的復(fù)合賓語中,動(dòng)詞不定式須省掉too這些動(dòng)詞有:make(使)let(),see(),
    watch(),hear(),have(使)feel(覺得)等。動(dòng)詞help后不定式的to可以省掉,也可以保留。如:
    Make the past serve the present and foreign things serve China.古為今用,洋為中用。
    He let me go home.他讓我回家。
    We must have someone repair the refrigerator.我們必須叫人來修電冰箱。
    I heard him speak in the next room.我聽到池在隔壁房間里講話。
    Mother is helping pat (to) clean her shoes.媽媽正幫蓓蒂刷鞋子。
    [注一]上述句子變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),動(dòng)詞不定式的to仍須保留。如
    [英語語法手冊(cè)]非限定動(dòng)詞 D
    動(dòng)詞不定式的否定結(jié)構(gòu)
    動(dòng)詞不定式的否定結(jié)構(gòu)由在不定式符號(hào)to之前加上not而成。如:
    He decided not to go home.他決定不回家。
    The teacher warned the pupils not to go skating on thin ice.教師警告學(xué)生不要在薄冰上滑冰。
    I told him not to open the door.我叫他不要開門。
    疑問詞 + 動(dòng)詞不定式
    疑問代詞whowhat,which和疑問副詞whenwhere,how等后加動(dòng)詞不定式,構(gòu)成一種特殊的動(dòng)詞不定式短語,可在句子中作主語、賓語、表語等成分。如:
    When to start has not been decided.何時(shí)動(dòng)身尚未決定。(作主語)
    They told her where to find her little brother.他們告訴她到哪里找她的小弟弟。(作賓語)
    The teacher showed the students how to do the exercise.老師教學(xué)生如何做練習(xí)。(作賓語)
    He thought a lot about how to improve his English pronunciation.他對(duì)如何提高英語語音想得很多。(作介詞的賓語)
    動(dòng)詞不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)"for + 名詞(或代詞賓格) + 動(dòng)詞不定式"
    在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的for本身無意義。名詞(或代詞賓格)形式上是for的賓語,但在邏輯上可以說是動(dòng)詞不定式的主語。這種不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句子里可作下列成分:
    1)主語
    For us to learn foreign languages is important.學(xué)習(xí)外語對(duì)我們來說是重要的。
    在句中,for us在邏輯上是to learn foreign languages的主語。這種結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí),和簡(jiǎn)單的動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)一樣,一般都用引詞訌來代表并放在句首,"for + 名詞 (或代詞賓格) + 不定式"則放在句末。如:
    It is important for us to learn foreign languages.
    It is necessary for us to learn from each other.我們必須相互學(xué)習(xí)。
    2)表語
    It is for you to decide.這得由你決定。
    3)賓語
    Can you arrange for a car to take us there?你能安排一輛汽車送我們到那里去嗎?
    4)定語
    There is a lo to work for us to do.有很多工作要我們?nèi)プ觥?span lang="EN-US">
    5)狀語
    The policeman blew his whistle for the carts to stop.警察吹哨要那幾輛大車停下來。(作目的狀語)