[英語語法手冊]助動(dòng)詞
1)英語常用的助動(dòng)詞(auxiliary verb)有shall，will，should，would，be，have，do等。助動(dòng)詞一般無詞義，不能單獨(dú)作謂語動(dòng)詞。助動(dòng)詞在句中的作用，在于幫助構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣、否定和疑問結(jié)構(gòu)等。如：
China has entered a great new era. 中國已進(jìn)入了一個(gè)偉大的新時(shí)期。(幫助構(gòu)成完成時(shí)態(tài))
Some boys are playing on the grass. 一些男孩正在草地上玩。 (幫助構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài))
Mother is written by Gorky. 《母親》是高爾基寫的。 (幫助構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài))
We Shall have the football match if it does not rain.如果不下雨，我們就賽足球。(幫助構(gòu)成將來時(shí)態(tài)和否定結(jié)構(gòu))
Do you see my point? 你明白我的意思嗎?(幫助構(gòu)成疑問結(jié)構(gòu))
[注]在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中，not須放在助動(dòng)詞后面。
2)助動(dòng)詞加not一般都有簡略式，用于口語中。如：
is not-isn't would not--wouldn't
are not--aren't [B:nt] have not--haven't
was not -- wasn't has not--hasn't
were not-- weren't [wE:nt] had not--hadn't
shall not--shan't [FB:nt] do not--don't [dEunt]
will not--won't [wEunt] does not--doesn't
should not--shouldn't did not--didn't
be