定義
某些從句(主要是賓語從句)中謂語動詞的時態(tài),常常受主句中謂語動詞時態(tài)的影響,這叫做時態(tài)的一致(sequence of tenses)。
主句中的謂語動詞如為現(xiàn)在或?qū)頃r態(tài)時
從句中的謂語動詞可以用任何所需要的時態(tài)。如:
He says his father is (was,will be)an engineer.他說他父親是(過去是,將來要做)一個工程師。
Can you tell me when you finished (will finish) the work? 你可否告訴我你什么時候完成的(會完成)這項工作?
主句中的謂語動詞如為過去時態(tài)時
從句中的謂語動詞一般須用過去時態(tài)。這又可分為下面三種情況:
1)如果從句里的謂語動詞所表示的動作與主句的謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生,從句須用過去一般時或過去進行時。如:
He told me he was unwell.他告訴我他不大舒服。
She said her brother was reading a magazine at the moment. 她說她弟弟正在讀一本雜志。
2)如果從句的謂語動詞所表示的動作發(fā)生在主句的謂語動詞所表示的動作之前,從句須用過去完成時。如:
He said he had posted the letter.他說他已經(jīng)把信發(fā)了。
Our teacher told us he had been to lndia.我們老師說他到過印度。
3)如果從句的謂語動詞所表示的動作在主句的謂語動詞所表示的動作之后,從句的謂語動詞須用過去將來時態(tài)。如:
They did not know when they would go to the Great Wall. 他們不知道什么時候去參觀長城。
He said he was going to be an actor after leaving school.他說他畢業(yè)后要當演員。
[注]主句的謂語動詞如是過去時態(tài),還須注意下面兩種特殊情況:
1)從句所說明的如果是一般真理或客觀事實,則仍用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。如:
The teacher told the pupils that the earth is round.老師告訴學(xué)生地球是球形體的。
Somebody told me you an a writer.有人告訴我說你是一個作家。
2)從句如果有表示某一具體時間的狀語,謂語動詞所表示的動作雖發(fā)生在主句的謂語動詞所表示的動作之前,一般仍用過去一般時,不用過去完成時。如:
The teacher told his pupi1s that the Chinese Communist Party was founded in Shanghai in l921. 老師告訴學(xué)生中國共產(chǎn)黨于一九二一年在上海誕生。
My father told me that my grandfather was born in l900.我父親告訴我,我祖父生于一九OO年。

