1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作，到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成；現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)往往表示動(dòng)作仍然繼續(xù)下去。如：
I have been reading Lu Xun this week.本周我一直在讀魯迅的著作。(我仍然在讀。)
I have read A Madman is Diary this week.我本周讀了《狂人日記》。(我本周開始讀而且已經(jīng)讀完它了。)
I have read The story of Ah Q before.我以前讀過《阿Q正傳》。(過去經(jīng)歷)
2)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的最后結(jié)果；現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)則強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的直接結(jié)果。如：
Now we have cleaned the room，we can move the things in.房間已打掃過了，我們可以把東西搬進(jìn)去了。(強(qiáng)調(diào)最終結(jié)果)You look so tired. What have you been doing? 你看來很累的樣子，你干什么來著?(強(qiáng)調(diào)直接結(jié)果)
過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(past perfect continuous tense)
1)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的形式一律為had been + 現(xiàn)在分詞，無人稱和數(shù)的區(qū)別。
2)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法 過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作在過去某一時(shí)間之前開始并延續(xù)到過去這個(gè)時(shí)間，這一動(dòng)作可能還在進(jìn)行，也可能已經(jīng)停止。如：
He told me that he had been waiting for me for two hours.他對我說他等了我兩小時(shí)。(動(dòng)作不再延續(xù))
The baby had been crying for fifteen minutes when her mother came in.媽媽進(jìn)來時(shí)，嬰兒一直哭了十五分鐘。(動(dòng)作可能還在進(jìn)行)
It seemed to her that the boys had been shouting for a long time.她似乎覺得這些男孩一直叫喊了很久。(動(dòng)作可能還在進(jìn)行)
The teacher had been teaching for forty years by the time he retired，這位教師退休前一直教了四十年的書。(動(dòng)作不再進(jìn)行)