過(guò)去完成時(shí)(past perfect tense)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)完成了的動(dòng)作。簡(jiǎn)言之，過(guò)去完成時(shí)所表示的時(shí)間就是"過(guò)去的過(guò)去"。過(guò)去完成時(shí)由助動(dòng)詞had + 過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。
過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法
1)過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前業(yè)已完成的動(dòng)作。這個(gè)過(guò)去的時(shí)間可以用by，before等介詞短語(yǔ)或一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表示。如：
By the end of last week we had learned ten lessons.到上周末為止，我們已經(jīng)學(xué)了十課書。
He had learned some English before he came to the institute.他來(lái)學(xué)院之前學(xué)過(guò)一些英語(yǔ)。
I didn't go to the film because I had seen it twice.我沒去看電影，因?yàn)檫@片子我已看過(guò)兩次了。
When I had gone over my lessons I took a rest.我復(fù)習(xí)完功課之后，休息了一會(huì)兒。
I gave my little sister the flowers that I had bought for her.我把給妹妹買的花送給她。
In the exhibition he saw many oil paintings that he had never seen before.他在展覽廳里見到許多過(guò)去從未見過(guò)的油畫。
2)過(guò)去完成時(shí)可以表示由過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開始，一直延續(xù)到過(guò)去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作，常和for(有時(shí)可以省去)或since構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)或since引導(dǎo)的從句連用。如：
It rained yesterday after it had been dry for many months.在天旱了好幾個(gè)月之后，昨天下雨了。
By the I read his new book， I had known him for a long time.到我讀他的新書時(shí)，我早就知道他了。
He said that great Changes had taken place in his hometown since，1980. 他說(shuō)7980年以來(lái)他的家鄉(xiāng)大變樣了。
[注]當(dāng)一個(gè)由when，before，after，as soon as等連詞引導(dǎo)的從句所表示的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作緊接時(shí)，兩個(gè)動(dòng)作均可用"一般過(guò)去時(shí)"來(lái)表示。如：
We had breakfast after we did morning exercises.做完早操后，我們吃早飯。
When I finished supper，I took a walk.我晚飯后就去散步。
The train started to move just before he reached the platform.他到月臺(tái)時(shí)火車剛開走。
They started ploughing as soon as they got to the fields.他們一到地里就開始耕地。