過去完成時過去完成時的基本概念和形式

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    過去完成時(past perfect tense)表示在過去某一時間或動作以前已經(jīng)完成了的動作。簡言之,過去完成時所表示的時間就是"過去的過去"。過去完成時由助動詞had + 過去分詞構(gòu)成。
    過去完成時的用法
    1)過去完成時表示在過去某一時間或動作以前業(yè)已完成的動作。這個過去的時間可以用bybefore等介詞短語或一個時間狀語從句來表示。如:
    By the end of last week we had learned ten lessons.到上周末為止,我們已經(jīng)學(xué)了十課書。
    He had learned some English before he came to the institute.他來學(xué)院之前學(xué)過一些英語。
    I didn't go to the film because I had seen it twice.我沒去看電影,因為這片子我已看過兩次了。
    When I had gone over my lessons I took a rest.我復(fù)習(xí)完功課之后,休息了一會兒。
    I gave my little sister the flowers that I had bought for her.我把給妹妹買的花送給她。
    In the exhibition he saw many oil paintings that he had never seen before.他在展覽廳里見到許多過去從未見過的油畫。
    2)過去完成時可以表示由過去某一時間開始,一直延續(xù)到過去另一時間的動作,常和for(有時可以省去)since構(gòu)成的短語或since引導(dǎo)的從句連用。如:
    It rained yesterday after it had been dry for many months.在天旱了好幾個月之后,昨天下雨了。
    By the I read his new book, I had known him for a long time.到我讀他的新書時,我早就知道他了。
    He said that great Changes had taken place in his hometown since,1980. 他說7980年以來他的家鄉(xiāng)大變樣了。
    []當(dāng)一個由when,before,after,as soon as等連詞引導(dǎo)的從句所表示的動作和主句的動作緊接時,兩個動作均可用"一般過去時"來表示。如:
    We had breakfast after we did morning exercises.做完早操后,我們吃早飯。
    When I finished supper,I took a walk.我晚飯后就去散步。
    The train started to move just before he reached the platform.他到月臺時火車剛開走。
    They started ploughing as soon as they got to the fields.他們一到地里就開始耕地。