現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)問(wèn)題

字號(hào):


    1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)說(shuō)明的是現(xiàn)在的情況,是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),因此不能和表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)如yesterday,1asr month,three years ago,in l960等連用。這些時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)只能和過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)連用,表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作。但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可和表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的副詞justbefore連用。如:
    He has just come.他剛到。
    We have seen the movie before,我們以前看過(guò)這個(gè)電影。
    2)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常和表示不確定的時(shí)間的副詞alreadynever,everalwaysyet,not...yetoften等連用。如:
    Have you ever been in a plane? 你坐過(guò)飛機(jī)嗎?
    The new books have not arrived yet.新書還沒有到。
    The Xisha lslands have always been Chinese territory.西沙群島一直是中國(guó)的領(lǐng)土。
    Have you heard from him yet? 你接到他的信了嗎?
    They have already finished their experiment.他們已經(jīng)做完試驗(yàn)了。
    Many westerners have never seen a giant panda.許多西方人從沒見過(guò)大熊貓。
    We have often been to the Summer Palace.我們常到頤和園去玩。
    3)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以和包括"現(xiàn)在"在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,如now,todaythis month,this year等。如:
    We have planted many fruit trees this year.我們今年種了很多果樹。
    Have you seen Benny today? 你今天見到本尼了嗎?
    We've had a lot of rain this summer.今年夏天雨下得很多。
    但如說(shuō)話人所感興趣的只是在這段時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生了某一動(dòng)作,而不是這一動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系時(shí),須用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。如:
    The conference opened this month.會(huì)議是本月開幕的。
    Their farm set up a pumping station this year.他們農(nóng)場(chǎng)今年新修了一個(gè)抽水站。
    現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可和疑問(wèn)副詞where,whyhow連用,但通常不和疑問(wèn)副詞when連用
    (when一般只與過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)連用)。如:
    Where have you been? 你去哪兒了?(詢問(wèn)經(jīng)過(guò)情況。如說(shuō)Where did you go?則只問(wèn)地點(diǎn))
    Why have you turned off the radio? 你干嗎把收音機(jī)關(guān)了?(強(qiáng)調(diào)和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系,意即收音機(jī)關(guān)著。如說(shuō)Why did you turn off the radio?則強(qiáng)調(diào)關(guān)收音機(jī)這一過(guò)去的動(dòng)作。)