2012年04月17日 01時56分，《英語網(wǎng):2012小升初英語語法知識要點：名詞的數(shù)(二)》由出國留學(xué)網(wǎng)liuxue86.com英語編輯整理.
：
第二部分：不規(guī)則變化
我們經(jīng)常會看到有些名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時并沒有遵循上述規(guī)則。這就是名詞的不規(guī)則變化。還有一些名詞，單復(fù)數(shù)是同一個形式的。不過，我們還是可以通過一些比較，發(fā)現(xiàn)其中的一些奧妙。以下我將為大家講講名詞的不規(guī)則變化。
一、有些名詞中保存了英語中古舊的復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：
man-men woman-women
tooth-teeth foot-feet
child-children goose-geese
mouse-mice ox-oxen
二、有些是外來詞，仍保有原來的復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：
Phenomenon-phenomena(現(xiàn)象)
Formula-formulae(公式)
Thesis-theses(論文)
Basis-bases(基礎(chǔ))
Analysis-analyses(分析)
Criterion-criteria(標(biāo)準(zhǔn))
Crisis-crises(危機)
Appendix-appendices(附錄)
三、部分單詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式不變。
例：fish→fish; sheep→sheep; cattle→cattle; deer→deer; salmon→salmon, means→means
四、compound nouns，這類復(fù)數(shù)詞是以主要的名詞來表示
例：daughter-in-law→daughters-in-law 媳婦； father-in-law→fathers-in-law岳父
man-of-war→men-of-war兵艦； maid-servant→maid-servants
step-son→step-sons晚子； son-in-law→sons-in-law。
但是，也有些合成名詞，特別是由man和woman構(gòu)成的合成名詞，里面所含的成分，全都要變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)，如：
Man-servant－men-servants，woman doctor－women doctors等
五、有些名詞經(jīng)常是帶著-s詞尾的，但通常都作單數(shù)看待，如：
Phonetics(語音學(xué))，physics(物理學(xué))，optics(光學(xué))，politics(政治)，news(新聞)等。
六、另一些名詞則以復(fù)數(shù)詞出現(xiàn)的機會較多
例：bellows風(fēng)箱； clothes; police; shorts短褲； scissors剪刀； spectacles眼鏡； shears大剪刀，trousers長褲，wages工資，belongings所有物， surroundings環(huán)境，savings儲蓄，findings調(diào)查結(jié)果，arms武器，clothes衣服，stairs樓梯，等
七、另外還有一些名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式有時可表示特別意思，
例：goods貨物，waters水域，fishes(各種)魚，papers文件，證件，greens青菜，manners禮貌，ruins廢墟，troops軍隊，looks外貌，times時代，等
第三部分：不可數(shù)名詞的計量方法
(1)一般用“數(shù)字+of+計量單位+名詞”表示，(注意：當(dāng)數(shù)字大于一時，表示計量單位的名詞可以有復(fù)數(shù)形式)。如：
a piece of news 一則新聞 a piece of meat 一塊肉 a glass of wine一杯酒 two bowls of rice 兩碗米 a sum of money 一筆錢 five bags of flour 一袋面粉 a drop of water 一滴水 three bottles of milk 三瓶牛奶 two pieces of advice 兩條建議
(2)用much/some/ a little/ little/ a lot of/ plenty of+不可數(shù)名詞
練習(xí)題：
1、 All the people at the conference are ______。
a. mathematic teachers c. mathematics teacher
b. mathematics teachers d. mathematic’s teachers (C)
2、All the ______ in the hospital got a rise last month。
a. women doctors c. woman doctors
b. women doctor d. woman doctor (a)
3、---Are there any ________ on the farm?
---Yes, there are some。
A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep (D)
4、--- They are thirsty. Will you please give them ______ ?
--- Certainly。
A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of water
C. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters (B)
5、Mike hurt one of his ______ in the accident yesterday。
A. tooth B. feet C. hand D. ear (B)
6、There is some _______ on the plate。
A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears (B)
7、The little baby has two _______ already。
A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths (C)
8、We need some more____. Can you go and get some, please?
A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. potatoe (C)
9、Please remember to give the horse some tree___。
A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave (B)
10、He gave us____ on how to keep fit。
A. some advices B. some advice C. an advice D. a advice (B)
11、Please pass me _____。
A. two glass of water B. two glasses of waters
C. two glasses of water D. two glass water (C)
12、There are a lot of _______ down there but hardly any _______。
A. sheeps, people B.sheep, people C. sheeps, peoples D. sheep, peoples (B)
13、This table is made of __________。
A. many glass B. glasses C. some glasses D. glass (D)
14、______ can get a better view of the game than the participants。
A. Looker-on B. Lookers-on C. Looker-ons D. Lookers-ons (B)
15、Some ______ are flying kites near the river。
A. child B. boy C. boys D. childs (C)
16、Mr. Smith always has ________ to tell us。
A. some good pieces of news B. some pieces of good news
C. some good piece of news D. some piece of good news (B)
17、Twelve _______ were hurt, but no _________ were lost in that accident。
A. person; life B. people; lives C. peoples; lives D. persons; life (B)
18、In the view of the foreign experts, there wasn’t ____ oil here。
A. much B. lots of C. a great deal of D. many (A)
19、The police investigated those _____ about the accident。
A. stander-by C. standers-by
B. stander-bys D. standers-bys (B)
20、Generally there are ______ television programs for children on Saturday。
A. little B. much C. a large number of D. a large amount of (C)
：
第二部分：不規(guī)則變化
我們經(jīng)常會看到有些名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時并沒有遵循上述規(guī)則。這就是名詞的不規(guī)則變化。還有一些名詞，單復(fù)數(shù)是同一個形式的。不過，我們還是可以通過一些比較，發(fā)現(xiàn)其中的一些奧妙。以下我將為大家講講名詞的不規(guī)則變化。
一、有些名詞中保存了英語中古舊的復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：
man-men woman-women
tooth-teeth foot-feet
child-children goose-geese
mouse-mice ox-oxen
二、有些是外來詞，仍保有原來的復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：
Phenomenon-phenomena(現(xiàn)象)
Formula-formulae(公式)
Thesis-theses(論文)
Basis-bases(基礎(chǔ))
Analysis-analyses(分析)
Criterion-criteria(標(biāo)準(zhǔn))
Crisis-crises(危機)
Appendix-appendices(附錄)
三、部分單詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式不變。
例：fish→fish; sheep→sheep; cattle→cattle; deer→deer; salmon→salmon, means→means
四、compound nouns，這類復(fù)數(shù)詞是以主要的名詞來表示
例：daughter-in-law→daughters-in-law 媳婦； father-in-law→fathers-in-law岳父
man-of-war→men-of-war兵艦； maid-servant→maid-servants
step-son→step-sons晚子； son-in-law→sons-in-law。
但是，也有些合成名詞，特別是由man和woman構(gòu)成的合成名詞，里面所含的成分，全都要變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)，如：
Man-servant－men-servants，woman doctor－women doctors等
五、有些名詞經(jīng)常是帶著-s詞尾的，但通常都作單數(shù)看待，如：
Phonetics(語音學(xué))，physics(物理學(xué))，optics(光學(xué))，politics(政治)，news(新聞)等。
六、另一些名詞則以復(fù)數(shù)詞出現(xiàn)的機會較多
例：bellows風(fēng)箱； clothes; police; shorts短褲； scissors剪刀； spectacles眼鏡； shears大剪刀，trousers長褲，wages工資，belongings所有物， surroundings環(huán)境，savings儲蓄，findings調(diào)查結(jié)果，arms武器，clothes衣服，stairs樓梯，等
七、另外還有一些名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式有時可表示特別意思，
例：goods貨物，waters水域，fishes(各種)魚，papers文件，證件，greens青菜，manners禮貌，ruins廢墟，troops軍隊，looks外貌，times時代，等
第三部分：不可數(shù)名詞的計量方法
(1)一般用“數(shù)字+of+計量單位+名詞”表示，(注意：當(dāng)數(shù)字大于一時，表示計量單位的名詞可以有復(fù)數(shù)形式)。如：
a piece of news 一則新聞 a piece of meat 一塊肉 a glass of wine一杯酒 two bowls of rice 兩碗米 a sum of money 一筆錢 five bags of flour 一袋面粉 a drop of water 一滴水 three bottles of milk 三瓶牛奶 two pieces of advice 兩條建議
(2)用much/some/ a little/ little/ a lot of/ plenty of+不可數(shù)名詞
練習(xí)題：
1、 All the people at the conference are ______。
a. mathematic teachers c. mathematics teacher
b. mathematics teachers d. mathematic’s teachers (C)
2、All the ______ in the hospital got a rise last month。
a. women doctors c. woman doctors
b. women doctor d. woman doctor (a)
3、---Are there any ________ on the farm?
---Yes, there are some。
A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep (D)
4、--- They are thirsty. Will you please give them ______ ?
--- Certainly。
A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of water
C. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters (B)
5、Mike hurt one of his ______ in the accident yesterday。
A. tooth B. feet C. hand D. ear (B)
6、There is some _______ on the plate。
A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears (B)
7、The little baby has two _______ already。
A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths (C)
8、We need some more____. Can you go and get some, please?
A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. potatoe (C)
9、Please remember to give the horse some tree___。
A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave (B)
10、He gave us____ on how to keep fit。
A. some advices B. some advice C. an advice D. a advice (B)
11、Please pass me _____。
A. two glass of water B. two glasses of waters
C. two glasses of water D. two glass water (C)
12、There are a lot of _______ down there but hardly any _______。
A. sheeps, people B.sheep, people C. sheeps, peoples D. sheep, peoples (B)
13、This table is made of __________。
A. many glass B. glasses C. some glasses D. glass (D)
14、______ can get a better view of the game than the participants。
A. Looker-on B. Lookers-on C. Looker-ons D. Lookers-ons (B)
15、Some ______ are flying kites near the river。
A. child B. boy C. boys D. childs (C)
16、Mr. Smith always has ________ to tell us。
A. some good pieces of news B. some pieces of good news
C. some good piece of news D. some piece of good news (B)
17、Twelve _______ were hurt, but no _________ were lost in that accident。
A. person; life B. people; lives C. peoples; lives D. persons; life (B)
18、In the view of the foreign experts, there wasn’t ____ oil here。
A. much B. lots of C. a great deal of D. many (A)
19、The police investigated those _____ about the accident。
A. stander-by C. standers-by
B. stander-bys D. standers-bys (B)
20、Generally there are ______ television programs for children on Saturday。
A. little B. much C. a large number of D. a large amount of (C)