2012年04月17日 01時16分，《2011英語:2012小升初英語語法復習：動詞的語態(tài)、過去完成時》由出國留學網(wǎng)liuxue86.com英語編輯整理.
語態(tài)有兩種：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。
主語是動作的發(fā)出者為主動語態(tài)；主語是動作的接受者為被動語態(tài)。
1）若賓語補足語是不帶to 的不定式，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，該不定式前要加"to"。此類動詞為感官動詞。
feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, mak英語e, observe, see, notice, watch
The teacher made me go out of the classroom.
--> I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher).
We saw him play football on the playground.
--> He was seen to play football on the playground.
2）情態(tài)動詞+ be +過去分詞，構成被動語態(tài)。
Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry.
過去完成時
1） 概念：表示過去的過去
----|-------|-----|---->其構成是had +過去分詞構成。
那時以前 那時現(xiàn)在
2） 用法
a.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞后的賓語從句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
b. 狀語從句
在過去不同時間發(fā)生的兩個動作中，發(fā)生在先，用過去完成時；發(fā)生在后，用一般過去時。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
c. 表示意向的動詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過去完成時表示"原本…，未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
3)過去完成時的時間狀語before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
典型例題
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, leftB，were writing, has left C. had written, had leftD. were writing, had left
答案D. "把書忘在辦公室"發(fā)生在"去取書"這一過去的動作之前，因此"忘了書"這一動作發(fā)生在過去的過去，用過去完成時。句中when表示的是時間的一點，表示在"同學們正忙于……"這一背景下，when所引導的動作發(fā)生。因此
前一句應用過去進行時。
注意：had no … when還沒等…… 就……
had no sooner… than剛…… 就……
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
語態(tài)有兩種：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。
主語是動作的發(fā)出者為主動語態(tài)；主語是動作的接受者為被動語態(tài)。
1）若賓語補足語是不帶to 的不定式，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，該不定式前要加"to"。此類動詞為感官動詞。
feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, mak英語e, observe, see, notice, watch
The teacher made me go out of the classroom.
--> I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher).
We saw him play football on the playground.
--> He was seen to play football on the playground.
2）情態(tài)動詞+ be +過去分詞，構成被動語態(tài)。
Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry.
過去完成時
1） 概念：表示過去的過去
----|-------|-----|---->其構成是had +過去分詞構成。
那時以前 那時現(xiàn)在
2） 用法
a.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞后的賓語從句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
b. 狀語從句
在過去不同時間發(fā)生的兩個動作中，發(fā)生在先，用過去完成時；發(fā)生在后，用一般過去時。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
c. 表示意向的動詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過去完成時表示"原本…，未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
3)過去完成時的時間狀語before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
典型例題
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, leftB，were writing, has left C. had written, had leftD. were writing, had left
答案D. "把書忘在辦公室"發(fā)生在"去取書"這一過去的動作之前，因此"忘了書"這一動作發(fā)生在過去的過去，用過去完成時。句中when表示的是時間的一點，表示在"同學們正忙于……"這一背景下，when所引導的動作發(fā)生。因此
前一句應用過去進行時。
注意：had no … when還沒等…… 就……
had no sooner… than剛…… 就……
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.