高中英語詞匯:常用英語詞語辨析105組(5)

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《常用英語詞語辨析105組(5)》由留學liuxue86.com編輯整理。本內(nèi)容整理時間為05月12日,如有任何問題請聯(lián)系我們。
    41.too much與much too
    二者都表示“太”,“非常”之意,much too為副詞詞組,修飾形容詞、副詞,但不可修飾動詞。It's much too cold.天氣實在是太冷了。too much作“太多”講有以下三種用法。
    ①作名詞詞組,如:You have given us too much.你給我們的太多了。
    ②作形容詞詞組修飾不可數(shù)名詞,如:Don't drink too much wine.不要飲太多的酒。
    ③作副詞詞組修飾不及物動詞,如:She talks too much.她說話太多。
    42.rather與fairly
    兩詞都可作“相當?shù)?rdquo;,“頗有幾分”講。其主要區(qū)別如下:
    ①fairly主要與“令人有愉快感”的形容詞或副詞連用,如:good, bravely, well, nice等。而rather作此意解時,則用于“令人不愉快”的形容詞或副詞,如:bad, ugly等。如:Tom is rather lazy, but John is fairly diligent.湯姆很懶惰,而約翰卻相當勤奮。
    ②如果一個單數(shù)名詞有形容詞修飾,不定冠詞須放在fairly前面,而rather卻是放前放后皆可。如:This is a fairly interesting book.這是一本很有趣的書。This book is rather an interesting one.(同前)
    ③有些詞本身無所謂“令人愉快”或“不愉快”之意,如:fast, show, hot, cold等,說話人則可用fairly來表“贊許”,用rather來表示“不以為然”。
    ④fairly往往表示“恰到好處,恰當”,而rather含有“太過分,有過之”之意。試比較:This book is fairly easy for you to read.(正好合適你讀。) This book is rather easy for you to read.(太簡單以致不合適了)
    ⑤rather還可用在alike, like, similar, different等詞和“有”前,此時含義是“有點兒”或“稍微”之意。如:The weather was rather worse than I had expected.這天氣比我所預(yù)料的要糟糕些。
    43.lively, living與alive
    ①lively adj. 生動的,活潑的,可作定語或表語。如:What lively colours!多么鮮艷的顏色啊! she is a lively girl.她是個活潑的姑娘。
    ②living adj. 活著的,健在的;n. 謀生,生計。如:living things生物;make a living謀生;earn one's living謀生度日;That man is still living.那人還健在(在世)。
    ③alive adj. 活的,活著的,表語性形容詞,一般可與living互換。若作定語,要放在所修飾的詞之后。如:That man is not dead, he is still alive.(=he is still living.)那人沒死,他還活著。He is the greatest musician alive.他是活著的最偉大的音樂家。
    44.instead of, in place of與take the place of
    ①instead of是介詞短語,意思是“代替”,“而不是”,作介詞短語后接名詞、動名詞和賓格代詞;作連詞短語后接不定式(一般不省略to),謂語動詞、形容詞、副詞和介詞短語等。如:John will attend the meeting instead of his manager.約翰將代替經(jīng)理出席這次會議。You should have some exercise instead of staying indoors all day long.你應(yīng)多鍛煉身體,不要整天呆在家里。The temperature has risen up instead of fallen down.溫度上升了而并沒有下降。This is dull instead of interesting.這不但沒趣,反倒枯燥。
    ②in place of介詞短語“代替”,通常后接名(代)詞,可與instead of互換。如:People often use plastics in place of/instead of wood or metal.人們常用塑料來代替木材和金屬。但instead of sb./sth.可略去介詞of及其賓語,而in place of通常不能將其省略。
    ③take the place of動詞詞組,“代替”(職務(wù),工作等),如:Most scientists agree that computers can't completely take the place of humans.大多數(shù)科學家認為,計算機并不能完全代替人。作“代替”解時,不可將the去掉或改換為one's,那樣會引起歧義,要注意區(qū)分。
    45.pain, ache和hurt
    這三個詞都和疼痛有關(guān)。ache和pain多作名詞,hurt只能作動詞。ache指“(人)身體疼痛”,往往用于持續(xù)的疼痛或因一些小病引起的感覺,常指“局部的”疼痛。back(背)、ear(耳)、head(頭)、heart(心)、stomach(胃)、tummy(肚)、tooth等詞與ache構(gòu)成復(fù)合詞,表示身體部位的疼痛。如果指身體其他部分之疼痛則用pain或ache表示,如:a pain /ache inmy foot腳痛。單數(shù)ache可與不定冠詞連用,也可以不用不定冠詞,如:He has got an ache in his foot.他腳痛。He has aches on his back.他背上痛。ache也可作動詞,如:I ache all over.我全身疼痛。My head aches.我頭痛。pain指“肉體或精神上的痛苦、悲痛”,比ache要嚴重些,如:She is in great pain.她深為痛苦。The boy broke his arm and cried with pain.那個男孩摔斷手臂,痛得大叫。pain也可以當及物動詞,指“使痛苦”,如:My foot is still paining me.我的腳還在痛。
    aches and pains指“疼痛”,如:I have aches and pains all over.我全身疼痛。hurt只作動詞,可以指“(使)受傷,(使)疼痛,傷害”,如:He hurt his back when he fell.他跌倒時傷了背部。He was badly hurt in this traffic accident.在這起交通事故中,他受了重傷。Did you hurt yourself?你弄傷自己了嗎?hurt也可以指“傷害(某人的感情);使傷心”,如:My feelings were hurt when he didn't ask me to the party.他沒邀請我參加宴會,我很傷心。hurt還可以指“受損傷、有害、有不良影響”,如:It won't hurt to wait a bit longer.再等一會兒(對你)沒有什么關(guān)系。Some Chinese big companies have seen their business hurtby NATO's air strike on Yugoslavia.一些中國的大公司看到了他們的生意因北約空襲南斯拉夫而受損。
    46.before long和long before
    before long和long before形式構(gòu)成上相差不大,但其意義差別較大,也導(dǎo)致了它們在決定句子時態(tài)上的差異。before long“不久”,句子時態(tài)用將來時。如:This park will be open again before long. 這個公園不久將重新開放。Our school will have a lot of new computers beforel ong. 我們學校不久將會有大批的新電腦。long before “很久以前”,句子時態(tài)用過去時。如:Long before I received an E-mail from my American friend Mary. 很久以前,我收到美國朋友瑪麗的一封郵件。
    47.lonely和alone
    二者都可表示“孤獨”,“獨自”這一意思,alone指客觀存在的“孤獨”,而lonely更偏重一種主觀感受上的“寂寞”。如:I went alone. 我是一個人去的。Mary lived alone,but she didn't feel lonely. 瑪麗孤身一人生活,但她并不感到孤獨!
    48.ill和sick
    ill有病的,常用作表語,如:You look ill these days. 近來你的氣色不太好。I fail ill. 我生病了。?sick有病的,既可作表語又可作定語,如:a sick man 病人;Mary has been sick for three weeks. 瑪麗已生病了三周。?sick也可表示“惡心的,嘔吐的”,用作表語,如:I feel sick. 我覺得要嘔吐;I am sick in the car. 我暈車。
    49.happen,take place與occur
    happen 常常有“偶然”的意思,多用于客觀事物、情況的發(fā)生。例如:Whatever has ha ppened to your arm?It's all swollen.你的手臂怎么了?腫得好歷害。
    occur 指有計劃使某些事或效果“發(fā)生”。有時強調(diào)“呈現(xiàn)”于人的知覺中。例如:Did it occur to you to phone them about it?你難道沒想到就這事給他們打個電話?
    在以具體事物、事件作主語時,happen和occur可以通用。例如:The accident happened (occurred) yesterday.事故是昨天發(fā)生的。
    take place 指事件發(fā)生,但常用來表示“舉行”的意思,帶有非偶然性。例如:The mee ting took place last night.會議昨晚舉行。
    50.apart from,besides,except for與except
    apart form作“除……以外(= besides)”,作“只是,除掉(=except for)”,例如: Apart from sport,my other interest outside class is music.除體育外,我課外的其他 愛好是音樂。/Apart from the location,we like everything about the project.這個 設(shè)計的各方面我們都喜歡,只是位置不太好。
    besides意為“尤進一層;除……之外還有”,例如:I know nothing besides what I'v e told you.除了我對你講過的之外,我別無所知。
    except for 亦作 but for,意為“除……外”,例如:Except for your presence, I wo uld be bored.若沒有你在這里,我會感到厭煩。
    except“除去,除……之外”,意味著從整體里“減去”一部分。例如:They all went except David.除了大衛(wèi),他們都去。
    《常用英語詞語辨析105組(5)》由留學liuxue86.com編輯整理