《高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法-略談?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)書信的寫作》由出國(guó)留學(xué)編輯精心為您學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)準(zhǔn)備.liuxue86.com。本內(nèi)容整理時(shí)間為05月12日,如有任何問(wèn)題請(qǐng)聯(lián)系我們。
略談?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)書信的寫作
書信是人們?cè)谌粘I钪薪?jīng)常使用的交流方式,也是英語(yǔ)考試中書面表達(dá)??嫉奈捏w。由于中西方在文化和習(xí)慣上的差異,英語(yǔ)書信在寫作格式及表達(dá)方式上與漢語(yǔ)有著很大的區(qū)別,同時(shí)由于書寫體還結(jié)合了其他的文體,故在寫作書信時(shí)不僅要考慮書信體的格式和表達(dá)方式,同時(shí)還應(yīng)了解其他文體的寫作特點(diǎn)。
1. 書信的格式與常見(jiàn)的表達(dá)方式
書信包含六個(gè)部分:信頭、信內(nèi)地址、稱呼語(yǔ)、正文、結(jié)束語(yǔ)和簽名。
在英語(yǔ)中,信頭一般寫在信紙的右上角,包括發(fā)信人的地址和日期,地址要按從小到大的順序書寫,日期應(yīng)寫在地址的下面一行,日期的寫法有兩種:“月 + 日 + 年”或“日 + 月 + 年”。
信內(nèi)地址包括收信人的名稱和地址,它的位置在信紙的左角,即稱呼語(yǔ)之上。但應(yīng)注意,如果是個(gè)人書信或非正式書信,寫信人的單位名稱、通訊地址都可以省略。
稱呼語(yǔ)從頂格寫起,經(jīng)常用“ Dear + Mr (Mrs or Miss) ”稱呼他人。
正文就是一封信通常談的內(nèi)容,開(kāi)頭常見(jiàn)的表達(dá)方式有:
Thank you for your letter of …
Your letter of … has reached me.
I'm writing to tell you that …
How are you getting along with …
I was so glad to hear from you at last and to learn that you are well …
書信結(jié)尾常用的一些表達(dá)方式有:
Please write tome as often as you can.
I'm looking forward to your immediate answer.
Best wishes / regards!
Good luck!
Wish you success!
Give my best wishes to …
Looking forward to your reply!
I shall be looking forward to hearing from you.
Do write to us when you have time …
結(jié)束語(yǔ)一般在信的下方,如 Sincerely yours / Yours ever / Yours 等,其后要加上逗號(hào)。
簽名一般寫在結(jié)束語(yǔ)的下一行,且應(yīng)寫出全名。
2. 其他文體的寫作特點(diǎn)
用書信體寫作,其中還包含著許多其它的文體,具體如下:
( 1 )記敘文
記敘文最大的特點(diǎn)就是生動(dòng)性。因此,在寫記敘文類的書信時(shí),要突出短文的生動(dòng)性,通過(guò)合理的想像適當(dāng)?shù)卦鎏砘騽h減細(xì)節(jié),但要注意詳略得當(dāng),突出主題。常見(jiàn)的詞匯或句型有: unexpectedly, eventually, without hesitation ( delay ) , be greatly shocked ( amazed ) by, at the very moment, extremely ( increasingly ) worried about, be terribly busy, on one's arrival ( return ) , at the thought of, on the second thought, completely worn out, rush over to the spot, be seriously hurt, be about to do … when, be doing … when, hardly … when 等等。當(dāng)然,寫記敘文還應(yīng)注意到短文的首尾呼應(yīng)和故事結(jié)構(gòu)的完整。
( 2 )說(shuō)明文
說(shuō)明文是說(shuō)明客觀事物的一種文體,它主要是說(shuō)明事物的形態(tài)、性質(zhì)、成因、構(gòu)造、功能等特征。清晰、準(zhǔn)確是說(shuō)明文的最大特點(diǎn),因此寫說(shuō)明文類的書信時(shí),要注意理清要點(diǎn),并能正確運(yùn)用詞匯或句型把內(nèi)容表達(dá)清楚。
( 3 )議論文
議論文是一種獨(dú)特的文體,它是通過(guò)議論或說(shuō)理來(lái)表達(dá)作者的見(jiàn)解和主張的,通常要求短文條理清楚,論點(diǎn)鮮明,結(jié)構(gòu)分明。因此,在寫作時(shí)應(yīng)通過(guò)分段落、立論點(diǎn)、找論據(jù)等途徑理清議論文的結(jié)構(gòu)和框架,以加強(qiáng)文章的層次感。常見(jiàn)的議論文中的詞匯和經(jīng)典句子有: hold the opinion ( view ), the reasons are as follows, first ( ly ) , second ( ly ) , for one thing, besides, apart from these, what's more, furthermore, even worse, worse still, what's worse, however, therefore 等。
3. 練習(xí)
假定你是某中學(xué)學(xué)生李華。最近,你班同學(xué)正在參加一個(gè)討論會(huì)。本次討論的話題是:父母的收入有沒(méi)有必要讓孩子知道?請(qǐng)根據(jù)下表所列情況給某報(bào)社寫一封信,客觀地介紹一下討論的情況。
參考詞匯:收入— income
析:( 1 )這是一篇含有議論文的書信,因而在寫作時(shí)應(yīng)開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山地提出議論文的論點(diǎn),本文的論點(diǎn)有兩個(gè):
①父母的收入應(yīng)該讓孩子知道;
②父母的收入沒(méi)有必要讓孩子知道。
( 2 )在確立各自的論點(diǎn)后,找出各自的論據(jù)來(lái)證明:論點(diǎn)
①— a. 知道父母收入后,知其來(lái)之不易,能更加努力學(xué)習(xí);
b. 知道父母收入后,可以理解家長(zhǎng)的艱辛,學(xué)會(huì)儉省,為大人分憂。
論點(diǎn)②— a. 如果知道父母收入較好,會(huì)助長(zhǎng)亂花錢風(fēng)氣;
b. 知道父母收入后,會(huì)以為不用努力也能靠父母,影響學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)力。
( 3 )在清楚了書面表達(dá)的基本思路后,就要考慮運(yùn)用議論文中常見(jiàn)的表達(dá)方式和好詞佳句。
( 4 )注意書信的格式和表達(dá)方式。
One Possible Version :
Dear editor,
I'm writing to tell you about the discussion we recently had about whether we should know our parents' income.
We do have different opinions on this matter. About 70% of the students think we should know our parents' income for the following reasons. First, it will help us understand how hard our parents have to work after we know their income, no matter how much they earn. Second, we will study harder and will not waste money any more. Furthermore, we may also learn to share our parents' trouble.
However, about 30% of my classmates hold the opinion that it is unnecessary to let the children know how much their parents earn. Their reasons are as follows. For one thing, if they know their parents have enough money to support the family, they will not study hard. For another, if they do know, they will not worry about the future, especially when they know their parents have a relatively high income, the children will easily form a wasteful habit.
Yours
Li Hua
《高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法-略談?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)書信的寫作》由出國(guó)留學(xué)編輯精心為您學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)準(zhǔn)備.liuxue86.com
略談?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)書信的寫作
書信是人們?cè)谌粘I钪薪?jīng)常使用的交流方式,也是英語(yǔ)考試中書面表達(dá)??嫉奈捏w。由于中西方在文化和習(xí)慣上的差異,英語(yǔ)書信在寫作格式及表達(dá)方式上與漢語(yǔ)有著很大的區(qū)別,同時(shí)由于書寫體還結(jié)合了其他的文體,故在寫作書信時(shí)不僅要考慮書信體的格式和表達(dá)方式,同時(shí)還應(yīng)了解其他文體的寫作特點(diǎn)。
1. 書信的格式與常見(jiàn)的表達(dá)方式
書信包含六個(gè)部分:信頭、信內(nèi)地址、稱呼語(yǔ)、正文、結(jié)束語(yǔ)和簽名。
在英語(yǔ)中,信頭一般寫在信紙的右上角,包括發(fā)信人的地址和日期,地址要按從小到大的順序書寫,日期應(yīng)寫在地址的下面一行,日期的寫法有兩種:“月 + 日 + 年”或“日 + 月 + 年”。
信內(nèi)地址包括收信人的名稱和地址,它的位置在信紙的左角,即稱呼語(yǔ)之上。但應(yīng)注意,如果是個(gè)人書信或非正式書信,寫信人的單位名稱、通訊地址都可以省略。
稱呼語(yǔ)從頂格寫起,經(jīng)常用“ Dear + Mr (Mrs or Miss) ”稱呼他人。
正文就是一封信通常談的內(nèi)容,開(kāi)頭常見(jiàn)的表達(dá)方式有:
Thank you for your letter of …
Your letter of … has reached me.
I'm writing to tell you that …
How are you getting along with …
I was so glad to hear from you at last and to learn that you are well …
書信結(jié)尾常用的一些表達(dá)方式有:
Please write tome as often as you can.
I'm looking forward to your immediate answer.
Best wishes / regards!
Good luck!
Wish you success!
Give my best wishes to …
Looking forward to your reply!
I shall be looking forward to hearing from you.
Do write to us when you have time …
結(jié)束語(yǔ)一般在信的下方,如 Sincerely yours / Yours ever / Yours 等,其后要加上逗號(hào)。
簽名一般寫在結(jié)束語(yǔ)的下一行,且應(yīng)寫出全名。
2. 其他文體的寫作特點(diǎn)
用書信體寫作,其中還包含著許多其它的文體,具體如下:
( 1 )記敘文
記敘文最大的特點(diǎn)就是生動(dòng)性。因此,在寫記敘文類的書信時(shí),要突出短文的生動(dòng)性,通過(guò)合理的想像適當(dāng)?shù)卦鎏砘騽h減細(xì)節(jié),但要注意詳略得當(dāng),突出主題。常見(jiàn)的詞匯或句型有: unexpectedly, eventually, without hesitation ( delay ) , be greatly shocked ( amazed ) by, at the very moment, extremely ( increasingly ) worried about, be terribly busy, on one's arrival ( return ) , at the thought of, on the second thought, completely worn out, rush over to the spot, be seriously hurt, be about to do … when, be doing … when, hardly … when 等等。當(dāng)然,寫記敘文還應(yīng)注意到短文的首尾呼應(yīng)和故事結(jié)構(gòu)的完整。
( 2 )說(shuō)明文
說(shuō)明文是說(shuō)明客觀事物的一種文體,它主要是說(shuō)明事物的形態(tài)、性質(zhì)、成因、構(gòu)造、功能等特征。清晰、準(zhǔn)確是說(shuō)明文的最大特點(diǎn),因此寫說(shuō)明文類的書信時(shí),要注意理清要點(diǎn),并能正確運(yùn)用詞匯或句型把內(nèi)容表達(dá)清楚。
( 3 )議論文
議論文是一種獨(dú)特的文體,它是通過(guò)議論或說(shuō)理來(lái)表達(dá)作者的見(jiàn)解和主張的,通常要求短文條理清楚,論點(diǎn)鮮明,結(jié)構(gòu)分明。因此,在寫作時(shí)應(yīng)通過(guò)分段落、立論點(diǎn)、找論據(jù)等途徑理清議論文的結(jié)構(gòu)和框架,以加強(qiáng)文章的層次感。常見(jiàn)的議論文中的詞匯和經(jīng)典句子有: hold the opinion ( view ), the reasons are as follows, first ( ly ) , second ( ly ) , for one thing, besides, apart from these, what's more, furthermore, even worse, worse still, what's worse, however, therefore 等。
3. 練習(xí)
假定你是某中學(xué)學(xué)生李華。最近,你班同學(xué)正在參加一個(gè)討論會(huì)。本次討論的話題是:父母的收入有沒(méi)有必要讓孩子知道?請(qǐng)根據(jù)下表所列情況給某報(bào)社寫一封信,客觀地介紹一下討論的情況。
參考詞匯:收入— income
析:( 1 )這是一篇含有議論文的書信,因而在寫作時(shí)應(yīng)開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山地提出議論文的論點(diǎn),本文的論點(diǎn)有兩個(gè):
①父母的收入應(yīng)該讓孩子知道;
②父母的收入沒(méi)有必要讓孩子知道。
( 2 )在確立各自的論點(diǎn)后,找出各自的論據(jù)來(lái)證明:論點(diǎn)
①— a. 知道父母收入后,知其來(lái)之不易,能更加努力學(xué)習(xí);
b. 知道父母收入后,可以理解家長(zhǎng)的艱辛,學(xué)會(huì)儉省,為大人分憂。
論點(diǎn)②— a. 如果知道父母收入較好,會(huì)助長(zhǎng)亂花錢風(fēng)氣;
b. 知道父母收入后,會(huì)以為不用努力也能靠父母,影響學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)力。
( 3 )在清楚了書面表達(dá)的基本思路后,就要考慮運(yùn)用議論文中常見(jiàn)的表達(dá)方式和好詞佳句。
( 4 )注意書信的格式和表達(dá)方式。
One Possible Version :
Dear editor,
I'm writing to tell you about the discussion we recently had about whether we should know our parents' income.
We do have different opinions on this matter. About 70% of the students think we should know our parents' income for the following reasons. First, it will help us understand how hard our parents have to work after we know their income, no matter how much they earn. Second, we will study harder and will not waste money any more. Furthermore, we may also learn to share our parents' trouble.
However, about 30% of my classmates hold the opinion that it is unnecessary to let the children know how much their parents earn. Their reasons are as follows. For one thing, if they know their parents have enough money to support the family, they will not study hard. For another, if they do know, they will not worry about the future, especially when they know their parents have a relatively high income, the children will easily form a wasteful habit.
Yours
Li Hua
《高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法-略談?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)書信的寫作》由出國(guó)留學(xué)編輯精心為您學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)準(zhǔn)備.liuxue86.com