《高考英語語法復(fù)習(xí)精講與練習(xí)（七）虛擬語氣》由留學(xué)英語組編輯整理(www.liuxue86.com)。本內(nèi)容整理時間為05月12日，如有任何問題請聯(lián)系我們。
虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的應(yīng)用
【經(jīng)典例題】
1. If my lawyer _______ here last Saturday, he _______ me from going.
A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent
C. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented
2. If I had worn my overcoat, I _______cold.
A. won’t have caught B .couldn’t have caught
C. won’t catch D. wouldn’t catch
3.—If he ______ , he ______ that food.
—Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.
A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken
C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken
4. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she _______, she would have met my brother.
A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come
【答案與解析】
1．A．本題考查虛擬語氣。因?yàn)閺木浔硎九c過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，故從句謂語動詞用過去完成時，而主句謂語動詞用would have +過去分詞形式。
2．B．本題考查虛擬條件句中主句謂語動詞的使用。因?yàn)閺木溆昧诉^去完成時，可知主句謂語動詞用would / could have +過去分詞形式。根據(jù)句意，可知選B。
3．B. 根據(jù)答語，可知本題考查與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣。故從句謂語動詞用過去完成時，而主句謂語動詞用would have +過去分詞形式。
4．D． 根據(jù)句意“在會上我沒有看到你的姐姐。如果她來的話，她就見到我哥哥了”可知，這是考查對過去事實(shí)的虛擬。主句用could have done，故從句謂語動詞應(yīng)該用過去完成時。
【重點(diǎn)歸納】
一、虛擬條件句的類別
虛擬條件句可分為三類：一類是敘述與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況；一類是敘述與過去事實(shí)相反的情況；另一類是敘述與將來事實(shí)相反的情況。其主句和從句的謂語動詞構(gòu)成如下：
1. 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反
條件從句用過去時（be動詞的過去式一律用were），主句用would （should/ might / could）+動詞原形”。如：
If I were you, I would accept the invitation to the party.
如果我是你的話，我將接受去舞會的邀請。
If I knew her well, I would tell you about her.
如果我很了解她的話，我將告訴你關(guān)于她的事情。
2. 與過去事實(shí)相反
條件從句用過去完成時，主句用“would /should/ might / could + have +過去分詞”, 如：
If you had been there last night, nothing would have happened.
如果你昨天晚上在那兒的話，就沒有什么事情發(fā)生了。
If I had got up earlier, I would have caught the first bus.
如果我起得更早一些的話，就趕上頭班車了。
3．與將來事實(shí)相反
條件從句用過去時或者“were to + 動詞原形”或者“should+ 動詞原形”，主句用“would （should/ might / could）+動詞原形”, 如：
If it were Saturday tomorrow, we wouldn’t have an exam.
如果明天是周六的話，我們就不考試了。
If you were to visit the school tomorrow, you would see Professor Smith.
如果你明天去參觀學(xué)校的話，你就會看到史密斯教授。
If it should rain tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off until next Friday.
如果明天下雨的話，運(yùn)動會將被推遲到下周五舉行。
【特別提示】
在虛擬條件句中，謂語動詞按照“后退一步法”使用，即：與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，從句中用一般過去時；與過去事實(shí)相反，從句中用過去完成時；與將來事實(shí)相反，從句中用過去將來時。
二、虛擬條件句中的省略與倒裝
如果if虛擬條件句中有were, had, 或者should等詞時，可以省略if，把這些詞放在主語前，形成倒裝句。如：
If I should meet her (Should I meet her), I would tell her.
如果我遇見她的話，我就告訴她。
If I were in your position (Were I in your position), I would do it better.
如果我在你的位置上，我會做得更好。
If they had made preparations (Had they made preparations), they would have succeeded.
如果他們做了準(zhǔn)備的話，他們就已經(jīng)成功了。
Grammar work語法專練
動詞變形
用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1. —¬ If the factory ___________ (belong) to me, I ___________ (not sell) it.
— But it isn’t yours.
2. — If you ___________ (keep) the secret, nobody ___________ (know) it.
— I’m sorry for making such a mistake.
3. If the weather were to be (be) fine tomorrow, I ______ (go) for an outing with my parents.
4. ___________ (be) I you, I would think about this problem once again.
5. ___________ (have) I had time last night, I ___________ (go) to see this wonderful film.
完成句子
根據(jù)中文提示完成下列各句。
1. 如果你年輕五歲，你該怎么辦？
What ___________ you ___________, if you ___________ five years younger?
2. 如果你開車更小心一點(diǎn)，就不會出這樣的事故。
If you ______________________ your car more carefully, such a traffic accident _________________________________.
3. 如果明天下霧，我就不能開車去購物。
If it ___________ foggy tomorrow, I ______________________ my car to go shopping.
4. 如果明天天氣轉(zhuǎn)晴，我們就去野餐。
If it ______________________ clear up tomorrow, we ______________________ for a picnic.
5. 如果我是一個男孩，我當(dāng)然會去參軍。
If I ___________ a boy, I ___________ certainly join the army.
6. 如果你是我兄弟，你也會一樣對我。
If you ___________ my brother, you ___________ treat me in the same way.
7. 如果我有你這樣的姐姐會非常幸福的。
I ___________ ___________ very happy, if I ___________ an elder sister like you.
8. 如果我撿到了那只錢包，一定交給失主了。
If I ______________________ up the wallet, I _________________________________ it to its owner.
9. 萬一明天下大雪，一切都將被改變。
If it ___________ snow heavily tomorrow, everything ___________ be changed.
10. 如果你那天沒有抽煙，火災(zāi)就不會發(fā)生。
If you ______________________ that day, the fire _________________________________ out.
Grammar quiz語法小測
測一測
選擇最佳答案。
1. He ______ you more help, even though he was very busy.
A. might have given B. might give C. should give D. may give
2. What would have happened ________ as far as the river bank?
A. Bob had walked B. if Bob should walk
C. had Bob walked D. if Bob walked
3. ________ I in your position, I would not accept the invitation.
A. Was B. Were C. Be D. Am
4. If my father ________ here the day after tomorrow, he ________ me at all.
A. came, can’t see B comes, couldn’t see
C. comes, couldn’t have seen D. came, couldn’t see
5. If it ________ to snow next week, I would not go to visit that mountain village.
A. is B. be C. were D. are
6. If it ________ rain this evening, I would not go to see this American film.
A. would B. should C. could D. might
7. __________ asked to do this, I would certainly do it in a different way.
A. Were I B. Am I C. If I am D. Was I
8. If he could help us, I am sure he ________. He’s always ready to help others.
A. should B. had C. would have D. did
9.________ her in time, she would have jumped into the river.
A. If I stopped B. Did I stop
C. If I didn’t stop D. If I hadn’t stopped
10. If I _________ ten years younger, I _________ out to try my luck.
A. am, would go B. was, will go C. were, would go D. were, would have gone
11. If you __________ my advice, you _________ such a serious mistake.
A. followed, can’t make B. followed, couldn’t have made
C. had followed, couldn’t make D. had followed, couldn’t have made
12. If I _________ that crowded bus yesterday morning, I _________ my purse with a lot of money in it.
A. didn’t take, couldn’t lose B. hadn’t taken, wouldn’t have lost
C. hadn’t taken, couldn’t lose D. didn’t take, can’t have lost
語法專練 (One possible version)
動詞變形
1. belonged; wouldn’t sell 2. had kept; would have known 3. would go 4. Were 5. Had; would have gone
完成句子
1. would; do; were 2. had driven; couldn’t have happened 3. were; couldn’t drive 4. were to; would go 5. were; would 6. were; would 7. would be; had 8. had picked; would have returned 9. should; would 10. hadn’t smoked; wouldn’t have broken
語法小測
測一測 1-5 ACBDC 6-10 BACDC 11-12 DB
虛擬語氣（二）
——虛擬條件句的一些特殊用法
【考點(diǎn)導(dǎo)航】
1. —My cat’s really fat. （2007浙江）
—You ______ have given her so much food.
A. wouldn’t B .couldn’t C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t
2．—How’s your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful? （2007全國卷I）
—It _____ be, but it is now heavily polluted.
A. will B. would C. should D. must
3. I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I _____ have driven her there. （2007陜西）
A. could B. must C. might D. should
【答案與解析】
1．C。shouldn’t have done表示“本來不應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際做了”。
2．C。根據(jù)句意，“本來這個湖應(yīng)該是很漂亮的，但是現(xiàn)在被嚴(yán)重污染了”可知選C。should 在這里表示“本來應(yīng)該……，暗含著實(shí)際上不……”之意。
3．D。should have done表示“本應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際上未做”，本句意為：“我告訴你朋友該怎么到達(dá)旅館了，但是也許我應(yīng)該開車把她送到那兒去”。
【重點(diǎn)歸納】
1. 錯綜時間條件句：
有時在非真實(shí)條件句中，主句謂語動詞所表示的動作和條件從句中謂語動詞所表示的動作并不同時發(fā)生，這時主句和從句的謂語動詞要根據(jù)各自所指的不同時間選用適當(dāng)?shù)奶摂M語氣形式。如：
Had I taken my umbrella with me when I came out this morning, I should not be wet now.
如果我今天早上出來的時候帶著傘的話，現(xiàn)在就不會淋濕了。（從句說的是過去的事情，而主句說的是現(xiàn)在的事情）
If you had followed the doctor’s advice, you would be all right now.
如果你（那時）聽從我的建議的話，現(xiàn)在就不會有事了。（從句說的是過去的事情，而主句說的是現(xiàn)在的事情）
If I hadn’t finished my composition by now, I would be working on it tomorrow.
如果到現(xiàn)在為止我還沒有完成作文的話，我明天還要接著寫。（從句說的是現(xiàn)在的事情，而主句說的是將來的事情）
2．含蓄虛擬條件句：
有時一個假設(shè)的情況并不用條件從句表示，而用其它方式來表示，這樣的句子叫含蓄條件句。主要有以下幾種情況。
1) 用with, without，but for等介詞短語來替代條件從句, 它們都可以轉(zhuǎn)換成由if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句。如：
We might have died without your help. =We might have died if you hadn’t helped us.
如果（那時）沒有你們的幫助，我們可能已經(jīng)死了。
Without the sun, nothing would grow. = If there was no the sun, nothing would grow.
沒有太陽，萬物都不能生長。
2) 用or, otherwise, but that, suppose/ supposing (that), provided / providing (that) 等引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣。如：
You didn’t come yesterday, or you would have seen him.
你昨天沒有來，否則的話，你就已經(jīng)看到他了。
I was very busy last week, otherwise I would have come to see you.
我上周很忙，否則的話，我就來看你了。
Supposing I was still a little child, I would study hard from now on.
假如我還是一個小孩子的話，我將從現(xiàn)在開始努力學(xué)習(xí)。
3) 通過上下文來表示虛擬：這種情況下，需要加以分析。
I would have given you more money, but I was so poor then.
我（那時如果有錢的話）就可以給你更多的錢了，但是我當(dāng)時太窮了。
I would have called you, but I forgot your telephone number.
我本來可以給你打電話，但是我（那時）忘了你的電話號碼。
Having known the fact in time, we couldn’t have said that. = If we had known the fact in time, we couldn’t have said that.
如果我們（那時）及時知道事實(shí)的話，就不會說那件事了。
Any man in his position would have done that.
處于他那個位置的任何人都會那樣做的。
4）由should +動詞原形或者should/could/might have +過去分詞構(gòu)成的虛擬語氣。
種情況下，虛擬條件句經(jīng)常省略，而只剩下主句結(jié)構(gòu)，如：
I should have told you that, but I was afraid that you couldn’t accept the fact.
我本應(yīng)該告訴你那件事，但我擔(dān)心你不能接受這個事實(shí)。
Tom, you are so lazy! This work should have been finished hours ago.
湯姆，你太懶了！這個工作本應(yīng)該幾個小時之前完成。
3. 在if it were/had been not for …句型中的虛擬語氣
If it were not for…,表示對現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的假設(shè)；If it had not been for…,表示對過去事實(shí)的假設(shè)。
If it were not for the Internet, everything would be very difficult.
要不是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，一切都會變得很難。
Had it not been for your overcoat, I would have died.
要不是你那件大衣，我就被凍死了。
Grammar work語法專練
選擇最佳答案。
1. _________ the thick forest, we would often have to suffer from a sandstorm.
A. If it is not for B. If it were not for C Is it not for D. Was it not for
2. _________ your offer of rice and vegetables, we would have gone hungry.
A. If it hasn’t been for B. With
C. Has it not been for D. Had it not been for
3. __________ your timely and correct guidance, I couldn’t have solved the problem so smoothly.
A. Had it not been for B. Were it not for
C. If it has not been for D. If it is not for
4. Jane would have gone to Washington ________ to get a plane ticket.
A. was she able B. if she had been able C. would she be able D. if she is able
5. ________ for her encouragement, I would not have paid for that good-for-nothing huge vase.
A. Were it not B. If it is not C. Had it not been D. If they were not
6. If I ________ a lot of money like you, I ________ buy that large company.
A. had, would buy B. have, would
C. had, would have bought D. have had, would have bought
7．If she ________ my English teacher, I ________ much from her.
A. was, can learn B .is, could learn C. were, could learn D. had been, could learn
8. If I ________ out to work last year, I ________ much more money.
A. had gone, would make B. had gone, would have made
C. went, would make D. went, would have made
9．I supported him in time, otherwise he ______off the bike.
A. might fall B. would fall C. should have fallen D. would have fallen
10. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _____ in love with Mary in my hometown.
A. wouldn’t have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall
11. Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night ______.
A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldly
C. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly
12.— Why don’t you buy the necklace since you like it so much?
— I ______, but I don’t have the money.
A. would B. will C. should D. may
13. — Finally I got to my grandmother’s home on foot.
— Really? You ______ a ride there.
A. must have taken B. could have taken
C. shouldn’t have taken D. couldn’t have taken
14. If I had worked harder at school, I ______ in a comfortable office now.
A. would sit B. would have sat C. would be sitting D. were sitting
15. My father told me how to get here but perhaps he _____ me a map.
A. had to give B. ought to give C. must have given D. should have given
Grammar quiz語法小測
I. 請將下列句子翻譯成英語。
1. 要不是你幫忙的話，我會失敗的。
.
2. 如果不是兩次考大學(xué)都失敗的話，他也不會一聲不吭地離家出走。
.
3. 如果不是你及時的支持，我就會輸?shù)暨@次大選。
.
4. 沒有這本雜志，我們打發(fā)時光就很難。
.
II. 根據(jù)上下文的意思，完成句子。
1. If it ______（要不是）your mobile phone, I couldn’t have got in touch with her.
2. I was really very busy that day, otherwise, I _______(就去參加舞會了)．
3. _________( 要不是天氣好的話), I couldn’t go climbing that day.
4. Providing that I had finished the report two days before, I ________( 就不會被開除了) now.
第16期B3版Keys:
語法專練
1-5 BDABC 6-10 ACBDB 11-15 AABCD
語法小測
I. (One possible version)
1. But for your help, I would have failed.
2. Not having failed in the college entrance examination twice, he wouldn’t have left home without saying a word.
3. If it had not been for your timely support, I would have failed in the election.
4. Were it not for this magazine, it would be difficult for us to kill the time.
II. (One possible version)
1. hadn’t been for 2. would have gone to the party 3. But for the fine weather 4. wouldn’t be fired
《高考英語語法復(fù)習(xí)精講與練習(xí)（七）虛擬語氣》由留學(xué)英語組編輯整理(www.liuxue86.com)
虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的應(yīng)用
【經(jīng)典例題】
1. If my lawyer _______ here last Saturday, he _______ me from going.
A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent
C. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented
2. If I had worn my overcoat, I _______cold.
A. won’t have caught B .couldn’t have caught
C. won’t catch D. wouldn’t catch
3.—If he ______ , he ______ that food.
—Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.
A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken
C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken
4. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she _______, she would have met my brother.
A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come
【答案與解析】
1．A．本題考查虛擬語氣。因?yàn)閺木浔硎九c過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，故從句謂語動詞用過去完成時，而主句謂語動詞用would have +過去分詞形式。
2．B．本題考查虛擬條件句中主句謂語動詞的使用。因?yàn)閺木溆昧诉^去完成時，可知主句謂語動詞用would / could have +過去分詞形式。根據(jù)句意，可知選B。
3．B. 根據(jù)答語，可知本題考查與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣。故從句謂語動詞用過去完成時，而主句謂語動詞用would have +過去分詞形式。
4．D． 根據(jù)句意“在會上我沒有看到你的姐姐。如果她來的話，她就見到我哥哥了”可知，這是考查對過去事實(shí)的虛擬。主句用could have done，故從句謂語動詞應(yīng)該用過去完成時。
【重點(diǎn)歸納】
一、虛擬條件句的類別
虛擬條件句可分為三類：一類是敘述與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況；一類是敘述與過去事實(shí)相反的情況；另一類是敘述與將來事實(shí)相反的情況。其主句和從句的謂語動詞構(gòu)成如下：
1. 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反
條件從句用過去時（be動詞的過去式一律用were），主句用would （should/ might / could）+動詞原形”。如：
If I were you, I would accept the invitation to the party.
如果我是你的話，我將接受去舞會的邀請。
If I knew her well, I would tell you about her.
如果我很了解她的話，我將告訴你關(guān)于她的事情。
2. 與過去事實(shí)相反
條件從句用過去完成時，主句用“would /should/ might / could + have +過去分詞”, 如：
If you had been there last night, nothing would have happened.
如果你昨天晚上在那兒的話，就沒有什么事情發(fā)生了。
If I had got up earlier, I would have caught the first bus.
如果我起得更早一些的話，就趕上頭班車了。
3．與將來事實(shí)相反
條件從句用過去時或者“were to + 動詞原形”或者“should+ 動詞原形”，主句用“would （should/ might / could）+動詞原形”, 如：
If it were Saturday tomorrow, we wouldn’t have an exam.
如果明天是周六的話，我們就不考試了。
If you were to visit the school tomorrow, you would see Professor Smith.
如果你明天去參觀學(xué)校的話，你就會看到史密斯教授。
If it should rain tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off until next Friday.
如果明天下雨的話，運(yùn)動會將被推遲到下周五舉行。
【特別提示】
在虛擬條件句中，謂語動詞按照“后退一步法”使用，即：與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，從句中用一般過去時；與過去事實(shí)相反，從句中用過去完成時；與將來事實(shí)相反，從句中用過去將來時。
二、虛擬條件句中的省略與倒裝
如果if虛擬條件句中有were, had, 或者should等詞時，可以省略if，把這些詞放在主語前，形成倒裝句。如：
If I should meet her (Should I meet her), I would tell her.
如果我遇見她的話，我就告訴她。
If I were in your position (Were I in your position), I would do it better.
如果我在你的位置上，我會做得更好。
If they had made preparations (Had they made preparations), they would have succeeded.
如果他們做了準(zhǔn)備的話，他們就已經(jīng)成功了。
Grammar work語法專練
動詞變形
用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1. —¬ If the factory ___________ (belong) to me, I ___________ (not sell) it.
— But it isn’t yours.
2. — If you ___________ (keep) the secret, nobody ___________ (know) it.
— I’m sorry for making such a mistake.
3. If the weather were to be (be) fine tomorrow, I ______ (go) for an outing with my parents.
4. ___________ (be) I you, I would think about this problem once again.
5. ___________ (have) I had time last night, I ___________ (go) to see this wonderful film.
完成句子
根據(jù)中文提示完成下列各句。
1. 如果你年輕五歲，你該怎么辦？
What ___________ you ___________, if you ___________ five years younger?
2. 如果你開車更小心一點(diǎn)，就不會出這樣的事故。
If you ______________________ your car more carefully, such a traffic accident _________________________________.
3. 如果明天下霧，我就不能開車去購物。
If it ___________ foggy tomorrow, I ______________________ my car to go shopping.
4. 如果明天天氣轉(zhuǎn)晴，我們就去野餐。
If it ______________________ clear up tomorrow, we ______________________ for a picnic.
5. 如果我是一個男孩，我當(dāng)然會去參軍。
If I ___________ a boy, I ___________ certainly join the army.
6. 如果你是我兄弟，你也會一樣對我。
If you ___________ my brother, you ___________ treat me in the same way.
7. 如果我有你這樣的姐姐會非常幸福的。
I ___________ ___________ very happy, if I ___________ an elder sister like you.
8. 如果我撿到了那只錢包，一定交給失主了。
If I ______________________ up the wallet, I _________________________________ it to its owner.
9. 萬一明天下大雪，一切都將被改變。
If it ___________ snow heavily tomorrow, everything ___________ be changed.
10. 如果你那天沒有抽煙，火災(zāi)就不會發(fā)生。
If you ______________________ that day, the fire _________________________________ out.
Grammar quiz語法小測
測一測
選擇最佳答案。
1. He ______ you more help, even though he was very busy.
A. might have given B. might give C. should give D. may give
2. What would have happened ________ as far as the river bank?
A. Bob had walked B. if Bob should walk
C. had Bob walked D. if Bob walked
3. ________ I in your position, I would not accept the invitation.
A. Was B. Were C. Be D. Am
4. If my father ________ here the day after tomorrow, he ________ me at all.
A. came, can’t see B comes, couldn’t see
C. comes, couldn’t have seen D. came, couldn’t see
5. If it ________ to snow next week, I would not go to visit that mountain village.
A. is B. be C. were D. are
6. If it ________ rain this evening, I would not go to see this American film.
A. would B. should C. could D. might
7. __________ asked to do this, I would certainly do it in a different way.
A. Were I B. Am I C. If I am D. Was I
8. If he could help us, I am sure he ________. He’s always ready to help others.
A. should B. had C. would have D. did
9.________ her in time, she would have jumped into the river.
A. If I stopped B. Did I stop
C. If I didn’t stop D. If I hadn’t stopped
10. If I _________ ten years younger, I _________ out to try my luck.
A. am, would go B. was, will go C. were, would go D. were, would have gone
11. If you __________ my advice, you _________ such a serious mistake.
A. followed, can’t make B. followed, couldn’t have made
C. had followed, couldn’t make D. had followed, couldn’t have made
12. If I _________ that crowded bus yesterday morning, I _________ my purse with a lot of money in it.
A. didn’t take, couldn’t lose B. hadn’t taken, wouldn’t have lost
C. hadn’t taken, couldn’t lose D. didn’t take, can’t have lost
語法專練 (One possible version)
動詞變形
1. belonged; wouldn’t sell 2. had kept; would have known 3. would go 4. Were 5. Had; would have gone
完成句子
1. would; do; were 2. had driven; couldn’t have happened 3. were; couldn’t drive 4. were to; would go 5. were; would 6. were; would 7. would be; had 8. had picked; would have returned 9. should; would 10. hadn’t smoked; wouldn’t have broken
語法小測
測一測 1-5 ACBDC 6-10 BACDC 11-12 DB
虛擬語氣（二）
——虛擬條件句的一些特殊用法
【考點(diǎn)導(dǎo)航】
1. —My cat’s really fat. （2007浙江）
—You ______ have given her so much food.
A. wouldn’t B .couldn’t C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t
2．—How’s your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful? （2007全國卷I）
—It _____ be, but it is now heavily polluted.
A. will B. would C. should D. must
3. I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I _____ have driven her there. （2007陜西）
A. could B. must C. might D. should
【答案與解析】
1．C。shouldn’t have done表示“本來不應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際做了”。
2．C。根據(jù)句意，“本來這個湖應(yīng)該是很漂亮的，但是現(xiàn)在被嚴(yán)重污染了”可知選C。should 在這里表示“本來應(yīng)該……，暗含著實(shí)際上不……”之意。
3．D。should have done表示“本應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際上未做”，本句意為：“我告訴你朋友該怎么到達(dá)旅館了，但是也許我應(yīng)該開車把她送到那兒去”。
【重點(diǎn)歸納】
1. 錯綜時間條件句：
有時在非真實(shí)條件句中，主句謂語動詞所表示的動作和條件從句中謂語動詞所表示的動作并不同時發(fā)生，這時主句和從句的謂語動詞要根據(jù)各自所指的不同時間選用適當(dāng)?shù)奶摂M語氣形式。如：
Had I taken my umbrella with me when I came out this morning, I should not be wet now.
如果我今天早上出來的時候帶著傘的話，現(xiàn)在就不會淋濕了。（從句說的是過去的事情，而主句說的是現(xiàn)在的事情）
If you had followed the doctor’s advice, you would be all right now.
如果你（那時）聽從我的建議的話，現(xiàn)在就不會有事了。（從句說的是過去的事情，而主句說的是現(xiàn)在的事情）
If I hadn’t finished my composition by now, I would be working on it tomorrow.
如果到現(xiàn)在為止我還沒有完成作文的話，我明天還要接著寫。（從句說的是現(xiàn)在的事情，而主句說的是將來的事情）
2．含蓄虛擬條件句：
有時一個假設(shè)的情況并不用條件從句表示，而用其它方式來表示，這樣的句子叫含蓄條件句。主要有以下幾種情況。
1) 用with, without，but for等介詞短語來替代條件從句, 它們都可以轉(zhuǎn)換成由if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句。如：
We might have died without your help. =We might have died if you hadn’t helped us.
如果（那時）沒有你們的幫助，我們可能已經(jīng)死了。
Without the sun, nothing would grow. = If there was no the sun, nothing would grow.
沒有太陽，萬物都不能生長。
2) 用or, otherwise, but that, suppose/ supposing (that), provided / providing (that) 等引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣。如：
You didn’t come yesterday, or you would have seen him.
你昨天沒有來，否則的話，你就已經(jīng)看到他了。
I was very busy last week, otherwise I would have come to see you.
我上周很忙，否則的話，我就來看你了。
Supposing I was still a little child, I would study hard from now on.
假如我還是一個小孩子的話，我將從現(xiàn)在開始努力學(xué)習(xí)。
3) 通過上下文來表示虛擬：這種情況下，需要加以分析。
I would have given you more money, but I was so poor then.
我（那時如果有錢的話）就可以給你更多的錢了，但是我當(dāng)時太窮了。
I would have called you, but I forgot your telephone number.
我本來可以給你打電話，但是我（那時）忘了你的電話號碼。
Having known the fact in time, we couldn’t have said that. = If we had known the fact in time, we couldn’t have said that.
如果我們（那時）及時知道事實(shí)的話，就不會說那件事了。
Any man in his position would have done that.
處于他那個位置的任何人都會那樣做的。
4）由should +動詞原形或者should/could/might have +過去分詞構(gòu)成的虛擬語氣。
種情況下，虛擬條件句經(jīng)常省略，而只剩下主句結(jié)構(gòu)，如：
I should have told you that, but I was afraid that you couldn’t accept the fact.
我本應(yīng)該告訴你那件事，但我擔(dān)心你不能接受這個事實(shí)。
Tom, you are so lazy! This work should have been finished hours ago.
湯姆，你太懶了！這個工作本應(yīng)該幾個小時之前完成。
3. 在if it were/had been not for …句型中的虛擬語氣
If it were not for…,表示對現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的假設(shè)；If it had not been for…,表示對過去事實(shí)的假設(shè)。
If it were not for the Internet, everything would be very difficult.
要不是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，一切都會變得很難。
Had it not been for your overcoat, I would have died.
要不是你那件大衣，我就被凍死了。
Grammar work語法專練
選擇最佳答案。
1. _________ the thick forest, we would often have to suffer from a sandstorm.
A. If it is not for B. If it were not for C Is it not for D. Was it not for
2. _________ your offer of rice and vegetables, we would have gone hungry.
A. If it hasn’t been for B. With
C. Has it not been for D. Had it not been for
3. __________ your timely and correct guidance, I couldn’t have solved the problem so smoothly.
A. Had it not been for B. Were it not for
C. If it has not been for D. If it is not for
4. Jane would have gone to Washington ________ to get a plane ticket.
A. was she able B. if she had been able C. would she be able D. if she is able
5. ________ for her encouragement, I would not have paid for that good-for-nothing huge vase.
A. Were it not B. If it is not C. Had it not been D. If they were not
6. If I ________ a lot of money like you, I ________ buy that large company.
A. had, would buy B. have, would
C. had, would have bought D. have had, would have bought
7．If she ________ my English teacher, I ________ much from her.
A. was, can learn B .is, could learn C. were, could learn D. had been, could learn
8. If I ________ out to work last year, I ________ much more money.
A. had gone, would make B. had gone, would have made
C. went, would make D. went, would have made
9．I supported him in time, otherwise he ______off the bike.
A. might fall B. would fall C. should have fallen D. would have fallen
10. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _____ in love with Mary in my hometown.
A. wouldn’t have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall
11. Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night ______.
A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldly
C. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly
12.— Why don’t you buy the necklace since you like it so much?
— I ______, but I don’t have the money.
A. would B. will C. should D. may
13. — Finally I got to my grandmother’s home on foot.
— Really? You ______ a ride there.
A. must have taken B. could have taken
C. shouldn’t have taken D. couldn’t have taken
14. If I had worked harder at school, I ______ in a comfortable office now.
A. would sit B. would have sat C. would be sitting D. were sitting
15. My father told me how to get here but perhaps he _____ me a map.
A. had to give B. ought to give C. must have given D. should have given
Grammar quiz語法小測
I. 請將下列句子翻譯成英語。
1. 要不是你幫忙的話，我會失敗的。
.
2. 如果不是兩次考大學(xué)都失敗的話，他也不會一聲不吭地離家出走。
.
3. 如果不是你及時的支持，我就會輸?shù)暨@次大選。
.
4. 沒有這本雜志，我們打發(fā)時光就很難。
.
II. 根據(jù)上下文的意思，完成句子。
1. If it ______（要不是）your mobile phone, I couldn’t have got in touch with her.
2. I was really very busy that day, otherwise, I _______(就去參加舞會了)．
3. _________( 要不是天氣好的話), I couldn’t go climbing that day.
4. Providing that I had finished the report two days before, I ________( 就不會被開除了) now.
第16期B3版Keys:
語法專練
1-5 BDABC 6-10 ACBDB 11-15 AABCD
語法小測
I. (One possible version)
1. But for your help, I would have failed.
2. Not having failed in the college entrance examination twice, he wouldn’t have left home without saying a word.
3. If it had not been for your timely support, I would have failed in the election.
4. Were it not for this magazine, it would be difficult for us to kill the time.
II. (One possible version)
1. hadn’t been for 2. would have gone to the party 3. But for the fine weather 4. wouldn’t be fired
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