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高一英語總復(fù)習(xí)16
Unit 17-18, SBⅡ
重點(diǎn)詞語:
1.in high position 地位很高
2.the South Pole南極
3.the North Pole北極
4.polar bear北極熊
5.at the opposite end of 在……對面
6.pull one's sled 拉雪橇
7.be about do (do ) 正要(做)
8. be just around the corner 就在附近,即將來臨
9.fall into 掉人
10.in good health 健康狀況良好
11.stand on one's left leg 用左腿獨(dú)立站好
12.solo travel獨(dú)自旅行
13.blow away 吹跑;刮走
14.knock sb. over. 把某人撞倒
15.refer to 所指;參考
16.rise to fame 名聲大振
17.the host of a talk show脫口秀主持人
18.so far 到目前為止
19.in history 在歷史上
20.fight for chances 設(shè)法尋找機(jī)會(huì)
21.best of luck to you 祝你好運(yùn)
22.without a strong plan 沒有詳細(xì)的計(jì)劃
23.always be the very best 總是做到最好
24.share with與……分享
25.lie to 位于……
26.be made up of 由……組成
27.be surrounded by 被……環(huán)繞
28.be famous for 因……聞名
29.such as 例如
30.take possession of 擁有……
31.refer to 參考;所指
32.in relation to 與……有關(guān)
33.be marked with 標(biāo)有……記號(hào)
34.compare…to…把……比作
35.stand for 代表
36.make up 占據(jù)空間
37.plenty of 大量;許多
38.be native to 原產(chǎn)于……
39.be careful in (在某方面)仔細(xì)
40.prepare for … 為……作準(zhǔn)備
難點(diǎn)講解:
1.inspire
【用法】vt. 激勵(lì);鼓勵(lì)
例如: His deeds greatly inspired his schoolmates.他的行為極大地激勵(lì)了他的同學(xué)。
【相關(guān)鏈接】
1)inspiring adj. 激勵(lì)人心的
例如:The speaker's words were inspiring.演講者的話很具有感召力。
2)inspired. adj. 受到鼓舞的
例如:The inspired soldiers threw their caps into the air,
shouting,"Long live the Public!"受到鼓舞的士兵將帽子拋向空中,大聲喊著:"共和國萬歲!"
3)inspiration n. 激勵(lì)的人的人或事物
例1:My father is always an inspiration to me父親對我來說總是一個(gè)鼓勵(lì)者
例2:The motto is an inspiration to many of us. 這個(gè)"座右銘"對于我們許多人來說是一種激勵(lì)。
2. mean
【用法一】adj. 地位卑下的;出身微賤的
例如:All the maids were mean in Dreams of the Red Chamber
《紅樓夢》中所有的丫環(huán)都是地位卑微的人
【用法二】adj. 吝嗇的
例如:Her husband is rather mean over money.她的丈夫?qū)﹀X相當(dāng)吝嗇。
【用法三】adj. 破爛不堪的
例如:They used to live in mean house in a mean street.他們以前住在一條鄙陋街道上的一幢破爛不堪的房子里。
3. tense
【用法】adj.緊張的
例1:Her legs felt tense after running.跑步后,她感到雙腿肌肉緊張。
例2:He looks tense with anxiety.他因焦慮而顯得緊張。
例3:The situation became tense suddenly.
形勢一下子變得緊張起來了。
【相關(guān)鏈接】
nervous adj.緊張的(只指人的精神狀態(tài))
例如:She felt nervous when asked about that.當(dāng)被問到那件事時(shí),她緊張起來了。
4. increase
【用法一】vt. & vi.增長
例1:Her absence increased our difficulty in doing the experiment.她的缺席增加了我們做這次試驗(yàn)的難度。
例2:The number of the students in my class has increased to 58.
我班學(xué)生人數(shù)已經(jīng)增長到了58位。
【用法二】n./'inkri:s /增多;增加
例1:The population increase makes the government feel hard.
人口的增長讓政府甚感棘手。
例2:We have got a steady increase in production.我們的生產(chǎn)在穩(wěn)步增長。
【相關(guān)鏈接】
increasing adj. 不斷增長的
例1:The increasing traffic problems are troubling the city people.不斷增長的交通問題一直在困擾著市民。
例2:The shopkeeper feels happy at the increasing income.對于日益增多的收益,店老板樂開了花。
5.threaten
【用法一】vt.威脅;恐嚇
例1:The boss threatened to dismiss Lucy if she didn't obey him.老板威脅露西,如果她不服從,就要開除她。
例2:The secretary received a letter threatening to murder the manager.秘書收到一封信,信中揚(yáng)言要謀殺經(jīng)理。
【用法二】vt.& vi.預(yù)示;將要發(fā)生
例1:The gathering black clouds are threatening a storm.天空中烏云密布,這預(yù)示著風(fēng)暴要來了。
例2:Knowing that a folld threatens, all the villagers are trying hard to get everything ready.知道一場洪水將要來臨,所有的村民都在努力做好一切準(zhǔn)備。
【相關(guān)鏈接】
1)threat n. 恐嚇;威脅
例如:I'm not afraid of their threat.我不懼怕他們的恐嚇。
2)threat n.惡兆
例如:There was a threat of rain in the dark sky.烏云密布的天空有下雨之兆。
6.support
【用法一】vt.支持
例如:We firmly support their struggle for human rights.我們堅(jiān)決支持他們?yōu)槿藱?quán)而進(jìn)行的斗爭。
【用法二】vt.支撐
例1:Whales have no strong bones to suport their heavy bodies on land.鯨沒有結(jié)實(shí)的骨骼在陸地上支撐其沉重的身體。
例2:The hall is supported by six large columns.
這個(gè)大廳由六根大圓柱支撐著。
【用法三】vt.養(yǎng)活
例如:He has a large family to support.他要養(yǎng)活一家子人。
【用法四】n.支持
例如:I hope to have your support in the election.我希望在這次選舉中得到你的支持。
7.affect
【用法一】vt.影響
例1:Parents' words and deeds affect their children a lot.父母親的言行對小孩的影響極大。
例2:Some plants are quickly affected by cold.有些植物很快就受到了寒冷氣候的影響。
【用法二】vt.感動(dòng);打動(dòng)
例如:The students were much affected by her story.同學(xué)們被她的事跡深深地感動(dòng)了。
【用法三】vt.(疾病)感染
例如:His wound was affected badly.他的傷口受到嚴(yán)重的感染。
8.lie
【用法一】vi. 平躺(不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞,其過去式、過去分詞為lay,lain)
例如:lie on one's back/side仰/側(cè)臥
【用法二】v. 展現(xiàn),伸展
例如:A bright future lies ahead.前途是光明的。
【用法三】v. 位于
例1:London lies on the River Thames.倫敦位于泰晤士河畔。
例2:There lies a temple at the foot of the mountain.山腳下有一座廟。
【用法四】v. & n. 說謊(規(guī)則動(dòng)詞)
例1:You are lying to him!你在對他說謊!
例2:They said she told lies to everyone.他們說她對任何人都說謊。
【相關(guān)鏈接】
1)lie down 躺下
例如:Go and lie down for a while.去躺一會(huì)兒。
2)lie in 在于
例如:The answer lies in two facts.答案在于兩個(gè)事實(shí)。
3)lie on 依賴,壓迫,取決于
例如:It lies on us to accomplish the task.完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)是我們的責(zé)任。
4)lie up 臥床休息
例如:You'd better lie up for a few more days.你最好再多休息幾天。
5)lie有時(shí)后面跟形容詞,表示所處狀態(tài)。
例如:The book lay open on the table.那本書打開著,放在桌子上。
【相關(guān)鏈接2】
1)lay v. (laid,laid)放、擱;產(chǎn)卵、下蛋
例1:He laid the book on the table and left.他把書放在桌上就走了。
例2:The hens lay ten eggs every day.這些母雞每天下十個(gè)蛋。
2)liar n. 撒謊者
例如:A liar is not believed when he tells the truth.說慣假話的人說真話時(shí)也沒有人會(huì)相信。
9.run
【用法一】v. 跑,奔,逃跑
例1:I ran as quickly as I could.我拼命地跑。
例2:The enemy ran away. 敵人逃走了。
例3:We ran to his aid. 我們跑去幫他。
【用法二】v. 競賽,競選
例1:run for Congress 參加國會(huì)議員競選
例2:run for mayor 競選市長
【用法三】v. (機(jī)器)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)
例如:The engine runs perfectly well.這臺(tái)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)十分良好。
【用法四】v. 流淌,滴
例1:The river runs thick.水流渾濁。
例2:The child's nose is running.孩子在流鼻涕。
【用法五】v. 變得
例如:The little pond has run dry.那個(gè)小池塘已經(jīng)干涸。
【用法六】v. (車輛)行駛
例1:The buses run until twelve.公共汽車12點(diǎn)收班。
例2:Are there any trains running to Sichuan from here從這里到四川有火車嗎?
【用法七】v. (道路)延伸,延續(xù)
例如:The street runs from south to north.這條街是南北向的。
【用法八】v. 經(jīng)營,管理
例如:They run most of the stores here.他們管理著這里的大部分商店。
【用法九】v. (顏色)褪色
例如:When I washed the blouse, the color ran. 我洗這件襯衫,褪了色。
【相關(guān)鏈接1】
1)run after 追逐,追求
例如:If you run after two hares, you will catch neither.不能腳踏兩只船。
2)run away from 從……跑掉;逃避
例如:He ran away from school. 他逃學(xué)了。
3)run out (某物)被用完
例如:We decided it would be best to go home before our money ran out.我們認(rèn)為最好在把錢用完之前回家。
4)run out of 用完(某物)
例如:We ran out of coal, and had to burn wood.我們用完了煤,只好燒木柴。
5)run into 無意間碰到,和……相撞
例如:I ran into him now and then.我不時(shí)碰見他。
【相關(guān)鏈接2】
runner 賽跑的人 runway跑道
10.some
【用法一】adj. 一些,若干,幾個(gè)(可以修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞)
例1:Please bring some coffee without sugar.請來點(diǎn)兒不加糖的咖啡。
例2:Ask some boys to help you.叫幾個(gè)男孩幫幫你。
【用法二】adj. (修飾單數(shù)名詞)某個(gè)(人或物)= a certain
例1:There must be some mistake.準(zhǔn)是出了什么差錯(cuò)。
例2:I suggested to Red that we should go to some hotel.我向瑞得建議我們該去找個(gè)旅店。
【用法三】pron. 一些
例如:Some of the trees can be cut each year for firewood.一些樹每年可以被砍作柴火。
【用法四】adv. 大約,與about同義
例如:It happened some thirty years ago.這件事大約發(fā)生在三十年前。
【相關(guān)鏈接1】
some more 再來一點(diǎn),更多
【相關(guān)鏈接2】
somebody/someone 某人,有人
something 某事,某物
sometimes 有時(shí)
somewhere 在某處
11.surprising
【用法】adj. 令人驚奇的
例1:What you have just told me is very surprising.你剛才告訴我的事真讓人吃驚。
例2:Is there anything surprising about it? I don't think so.
有關(guān)這事有什么讓人吃驚的?我認(rèn)為沒有。
【相關(guān)鏈接】
surprising和surprised的區(qū)別:surprising和surprised都是由surprise派生來的形容詞,但surprised是"吃驚的","感到驚奇的"。
例如:He didn't notice the surprised look on her face.他沒有注意到她臉上吃驚的表情。
12.shock
【用法一】v. 使震驚
例如:He was shocked at her smoking. = Her smoking shocked him.她抽煙使他震驚。
【用法二】v. 使觸電
例如:He got shocked when he touched the wire.他一摸電線就觸電了。
【用法三】n. [C]震動(dòng),沖擊
例1:Three shocks of the earthquakes were felt last night.
昨晚感覺到三次地震。
例2:The news was a great shock to Marie.那個(gè)消息給了瑪麗很大的震撼。
【相關(guān)鏈接】
shocking adj. 令人震驚的
13.majority
【用法】n. 大多數(shù)(常和the連用)
例如:The majority of people in the town want to encourage new industry in the areA.城里的大多數(shù)人想在該地區(qū)鼓勵(lì)新工業(yè)的發(fā)展。
注意:majority 作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞可以是單數(shù),也可以是復(fù)數(shù),其反義詞是minority。
14.share
【用法一】v. 合用,分享
例1:We share a small room between us.我們倆共用一個(gè)小房間。
例2:She never shared any of her husband's worries.她從不分擔(dān)丈夫的任何憂愁。
【用法二】v. 分配,均分
例3:Mother is sharing the cakes to make sure that every boy gets some.母親正在分蛋糕,確保每個(gè)男孩都吃到一些。
【用法二】n. 分得的一份,應(yīng)承受的一份
例1:You have had more than your share of this apple-pie.
你吃的蘋果派比你應(yīng)得的分量多。
例2:You must take your share of the blame.你必須接受批評。
【相關(guān)鏈接】
take one's share 盡自己的一份責(zé)任
15.ship
【用法一】n. 大船
例如:They are making a ship.他們在造一艘大船。
【用法二】n. 全船的人
例如:The whole ship was given liberty.全船的人都自由了。
【用法三】v. 用輪船運(yùn)送
例如:I'm flying to America but my car is being shipped.我正乘飛機(jī)去美國,而我的汽車用船運(yùn)到美國。
【相關(guān)鏈接1】
by ship 坐船
例如:They went by ship to New York.他們乘船去了紐約。
【相關(guān)鏈接2】
warship 戰(zhàn)船 spaceship宇宙飛船
steamship輪船 shipbuilding造船業(yè)
shipyard造船廠
16.lie down
lie down躺下
例如:Having done all the housework, she lay down in bed.
做完所有的家務(wù)后,她躺在床上休息了。
注意:課文中的On November 12 the storm lay down.(十一月十二日風(fēng)暴停下來了。)這個(gè)句子中的lay down是引申意義。
17.make a decision
make a decision 做出決定
例1:Finally he made a decision that he would give up the plan.
他終于做出決定要放棄計(jì)劃。
例2:Children should be encouraged to make their own decisions.應(yīng)當(dāng)鼓勵(lì)孩子自己去做出決定。
18.go down
go down(太陽)落山
例如:When the sun is going down, the whole farm looks more beautiful.當(dāng)太陽落山時(shí),整個(gè)農(nóng)場看起來更美了。
【相關(guān)鏈接】
1)go down(價(jià)格)跌落
例如:The price of beef has gone down finally.牛肉的價(jià)格終于下降了。
2)go down(指海洋、風(fēng)暴)平衡;平息
例如:The rough sea finally went down.波濤洶涌的海面總算平靜下來了。
3)go down 受歡迎
例如:The film HERO went down well.《英雄》這部影片很受觀眾歡迎。
19.refer to
refer to所指;談及;提及
例1:I was not referring to her when I said so.當(dāng)我那么說時(shí),我并不是指她。
例2:The boy you referred to is my seatmate.你剛才談到的那個(gè)男生是我的同桌。
【相關(guān)鏈接】
1)refer to 參考;咨詢
例如:While he was writing the essay, he referred to some other books.在寫那篇論文時(shí),他參考了其他一些書籍。
2)refer … to 把……歸于
例如:He referred his success to his trainer.他認(rèn)為自己的成功應(yīng)歸功于自己的教練。
3)refer … to 將……提交
例如:The dispute was referred to the United Nations.該項(xiàng)爭議已提交聯(lián)合國處理。
20.make up
make up 創(chuàng)造,編造;和解;彌補(bǔ);化裝;構(gòu)成
例1:The teacher asked the children to make up a poem about Christmas.老師讓孩子們創(chuàng)作一首關(guān)于圣誕節(jié)的詩歌。
例2:Mary and Joan quarreled, but made up after a while.
瑪麗和瓊吵架,但過了一會(huì)兒就和好了。
例3:John must make up the lessons he missed.約翰必須補(bǔ)上他落下的功課。
例4:The actors were making up when we arrived.我們到的時(shí)候,演員們正在化裝。
例5:Nine players make up a team.九個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員組成一個(gè)隊(duì)。
注意:用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),和of連用。
例如:This is made up of three different parts.這是由三個(gè)不同的部分組成的。
【相關(guān)鏈接】
1)be made of 由……制成(從成品中可看得出原料)
例如:The bridge is made of steel.這座橋是鋼材造的。
2)be made from 由……制成(從成品中看不出原料)
例如:Steel is made from iron.鋼材是由鐵煉成的。
3)make up one's mind 打定主意,決定
例如:I made up my mind to go to him.我決定到他那里去。
4)make up for 彌補(bǔ)
例如:Hard work can often make up for a lack of intelligence.勤奮能補(bǔ)拙。
5)make up from 由……制作
例如:She wore a necklace made up from silver coins.
她戴了一串銀幣做的項(xiàng)鏈。
6)be made up of 由……組成/構(gòu)成
例如:The mobile medical team was made up of ten doctors.這支流動(dòng)醫(yī)療隊(duì)由十位醫(yī)生組成。
7)be made into 被制成……
例如:Glass were made into bottles.玻璃制成瓶子。
8)be made in 在……地方制造
例如:Is your car made in Shanghai?你的車是上海產(chǎn)的嗎?
21.be surrounded by
be surrounded by/with 為……所包圍
例如:Britain is surrounded by sea.英國四周是都是海。
【相關(guān)鏈接】
surround with 用……把……圍住
例如:He surrounded the castle with a high wall.
他用高墻把城堡圍住。
22.the same…as
the same … as 和……一樣
例1:He was about the same age as Philip.他和飛利普年齡差不多一樣大。
例2:She felt the same as he did.她和他的感覺一樣。
【相關(guān)鏈接】
1)just the same 同樣地,照樣
例如:It won't make any difference to you. I'll pay for the lessons just the same.對你不會(huì)有所不同,我還是照付功課錢。
2)the same to you 祝你也是如此
例如:Happy New Year! 新年快樂!
Thank you. The same to you! 謝謝!也祝你愉快!
3)all the same 盡管如此,仍然
例如:He gave us a lot of trouble, but I like him all the same.盡管他給我們?nèi)橇撕芏嗦闊?可我還是喜歡他。
4)at the same time 同時(shí)
例如:I know he is untruthful. But, at the same time, I must admit he is a good worker.我知道他不誠實(shí),但我同時(shí)必須承認(rèn)他是個(gè)好工人。
23.be famous for
be famous for 因……而著名
例如:Scotland has many lakes and mountains, and is famous for its beautiful countryside.蘇格蘭有許多湖泊和山脈,并以其鄉(xiāng)村美景著稱。
【相關(guān)鏈接】
be famous as 作為……而著名
例如:She is famous as a writer.她作為作家而聞名。
24.take possession of
take possession of 奪取,占有,占領(lǐng)
例如:The policeman took possession of the thief's bag.警察奪過那個(gè)小偷的袋子。
【相關(guān)鏈接】
1)have possession of 占有,擁有
例如:He has had possession of the adjoining land for ten years.他占有鄰近的地已經(jīng)十年了。
2)in possession of 占有,擁有,持有
例如:Who is in possession of the property?誰擁有這筆財(cái)產(chǎn)?
3)in one's possession = in the possession of sb.
在某人手中,由某人掌管,為某人所擁有
例如:The keys are in his possession.鑰匙歸他管。
25.refer to
refer to 查閱,參閱;指……而言;適用于;提到,談到
例1:A person refers to a dictionary to find the meaning of words.一個(gè)人要查字典找字意。
例2:When I said some people were stupid I wasn't referring to you.我說有些人很傻,不是指你們。
例3:This rule refers to everyone.這條規(guī)則適用于任何人。
例4:The speaker referred to his past experiences.發(fā)言人提到了自己過去的經(jīng)歷。
【相關(guān)鏈接】
refer … to … 歸功于
例如:He referred his success to the good teaching he's had.他把成功歸功于其受到的良好教育。
27.in relation to
in relation to 和……聯(lián)系起來;關(guān)于
例1:Prices seem high in relation to wages.和工資比起來,價(jià)格似乎較高。
例2:What did you say in relation to what happened yesterday?你對昨天發(fā)生的事有何高見?
【相關(guān)鏈接】
1)out of relation to 和……不相稱
例如:The effort and expense needed for this project were out of relation to the results.這項(xiàng)工程需要的精力和財(cái)力與結(jié)果不相稱。
2)with relation to 關(guān)于
例如:We must plan with relation to the future.我們必須計(jì)劃將來。
28.compare … with
compare…with 把……和……進(jìn)行比較
例如:I compared the translation with the original.我把譯文和原文對照了一遍。
【相關(guān)鏈接】
compare … to … 把……比作
例如:The students compare their teachers to candles.學(xué)生們把老師比作蠟燭。
29.stand for
stand for 代表;主張,提倡;(否定結(jié)構(gòu))容許,容忍
例1:What does NB stand for?NB代表什么?
例2:We like our school and all it stands for.我們愛學(xué)校以及它所倡導(dǎo)的一切。
例3:The teacher wouldn't stand for such behavior.老師不會(huì)容忍這樣的行為。
【相關(guān)鏈接】
1)stand up 起立
例如:Every student stood up when the teacher came in.老師進(jìn)來時(shí),每位學(xué)生都起立。
2)stand by 站在一旁,袖手旁觀
例1:Mary could not tell Jane the secret with her little brother standing by.瑪麗不能告訴珍妮那個(gè)秘密,因?yàn)樗男〉艿苷驹谂赃叀?BR> 例2:And did you just stand by and do nothing?你就袖手旁觀嗎?
31.take place
take place 發(fā)生
例如:Great changes have taken place in the last two years.最近兩年發(fā)生了巨大的變化。
【相關(guān)鏈接】
1)take a/one's seat 坐下,就坐
例如:Come here and take a seat.過來,坐下。
2)take it easy 別著急,別緊張
例如:We have time lift. Take it easy.我們還有時(shí)間,別緊張。
3)take up 占用
例如:The box takes up too much room.這個(gè)盒子太占地方。
4)take out 拿出
例如:He took out a photo and looked carefully.他拿出張照片細(xì)看起來。
5)take away 拿走
例如:I'm not using the dictionary now; you may take it away.我現(xiàn)在不用字典,你可以拿走。
6)take off 脫下;(飛機(jī))起飛
例1:You'd better take off your coat.你最好脫掉外套。
例2:The flight takes off at 9 o'clock.這班飛機(jī)九點(diǎn)鐘起飛。
32.mark … with
mark … with 用……標(biāo)記……
例如:Each stone was marked with a number.每塊石頭上都標(biāo)上了數(shù)碼。
33.turn to
turn to 查閱;求助于;變成;轉(zhuǎn)向
例1:They always turn to me when they are in trouble.他們一有困難就來找我。
例2:I have turned to all the well-known reference books for help.我已經(jīng)查閱了所有著名的參考書。
例3:The snow soon turned to rain.雪很快變成了雨。
例4:He turned to the study and practice of medicine.他轉(zhuǎn)向醫(yī)學(xué)研究和實(shí)踐。
【相關(guān)鏈接】
1)turn out/off 關(guān)掉(電燈、煤氣等)
例如:He turned out the light and followed his wife upstairs他關(guān)掉燈跟著妻子上樓去了。
2)turn over 翻過來
例如:Turn over, or your back will get sunburnt.翻過來,否則會(huì)曬傷你的背。
3)turn on 打開(開關(guān)等)
例如:He turned on his bath water.他打開洗澡水。
4)turn down 把(聲音)放低,關(guān)小
例如:He turned down the oil lamp.他把油燈弄暗。
5)turn into 變成
例如:It turned into a fine day.天變晴了。
34.plenty of
plenty of 大量,很多
例1:There was plenty of work for girls of her age.有很多她這個(gè)年齡的女孩能做的工作。
例2:There are plenty of men out of work.有大量的男人失業(yè)。
注意:plenty of 多用于肯定句。
【相關(guān)鏈接】
in plenty 充足地,富裕地
例1:There was food in plenty.有很多食物。
例2:Some people live in plenty, while others haven't enough to eat.有些人的生活富裕,而其他人還不能達(dá)到溫飽。
35.prepare for
prepare for 為……做準(zhǔn)備(= get ready for )
例如:Will you help me prepare for the party?你能幫我準(zhǔn)備晚會(huì)嗎?
語法精講:
Agreement (主謂一致)
【概念】
謂語受主語支配,須和主語在人稱數(shù)上保持一致,這就是主謂一致。處理主謂一致問題可依據(jù)三項(xiàng)原則:語法上一致,意義上一致和就近一致。
【用法】
A、謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)的情況:
1.以單數(shù)名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句作主語時(shí)
eg. Whether he comes or not is of no matter.
2.主語是單數(shù),其后盡管有 as well as, with, along with, together with, like ( 介), including, but, except 等起連接作用的詞語帶其它名詞時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)(與主語一致)。
eg. The teacher as well as the students likes this film. (All the family, except a new- born baby, were killed)
3.某些不定代詞如 either, neither, each等作主語時(shí)。
eg. Each of the girls has an orange.
但在口語中,ether或neither +of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí),也可用復(fù)數(shù)。
4. the number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),中心詞是number。
5.表時(shí)間距離、價(jià)格、度量衡等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞或短語作為一個(gè)整體看時(shí),用單數(shù)(一段時(shí)間,一筆錢數(shù),一段距離,一個(gè))
eg. Twenty miles is a long way to walk.
Four hundred dollars is more than she can afford .
6.在四則算式中,謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)(但有時(shí)也可用復(fù)數(shù))
eg. Five plus five is ten.
Ten times four makes forty.
7.由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語的邊,如果分別有each, every, no, many a 時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
eg. Every boy and (every) girl in the class is clever.
Each minute and (each) second is valuable to us Mary a student is coming.
8. 由 and連接兩個(gè)作主語的單數(shù)名詞指同一人,同一物,同一概念時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,這時(shí)and后面的名詞沒有冠詞。
eg. -- In this hotel (the) bread and butter ( the bread with butter on it) is served for breakfast.
--The girl's teacher and friend is a young doctor.
9.書名、劇名、報(bào)紙名、國名等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí),謂語用單數(shù)。
eg. "The Arabran Nights" is a very interesting story book .
The United States is a developed country.
10. 表數(shù)量one and a half + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí),謂語用單數(shù)。
eg. One and a half oranges is left on the table.
B.謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)情況:
1.用and或both…… and連接并列主語時(shí)
eg. --Fire and water do not agree. 水火不相容。
--Both he and I are going to America.
2.一些只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞作主語時(shí)
如: Clothes, trousers, glasses, shoes,等。
eg. My trousers are being washed.
但,如果成雙的東西前有a pair of 來修飾時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
3.表總稱意義的名詞 police, people, cattle 作主語。
4.以定冠詞the + adj. (或分詞形式的adj) 作主語時(shí)表"一類人"。
eg. The rich are not always happy.
5.A number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞。
6.more than + 數(shù)詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)。
eg. More than two hundred people attended the concert.
但 more than one + 名詞常用單數(shù)
More than one person is going to……
C. 單、復(fù)數(shù)依情況而定
1. a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of (quantities of), the test of, 分?jǐn)?shù),百分?jǐn)?shù)+n 構(gòu)成短語作主語時(shí),就情況而定。
2.family, team, group, class, crowd 等作主語時(shí)。
eg. My family is a big family.
My family are watching TV.
3.sheep, deer, fish, means, works.
D.就近一致
1.在正式文體中用or, either....or, neither...nor, whether...or, not only ... but also等連接并列主語時(shí),not....not...
eg. He didn't say whether some English novels or an English dictionary was wanted.
2.在倒裝句中,謂語動(dòng)詞往往和后面的第一個(gè)主語一致。
eg. -- Where is your friend and your classmates ?
--There is a notebook and some dictionaries on the desk.
《高中英語語法-高一英語總復(fù)習(xí)16》由留學(xué)英語組編輯整理(www.liuxue86.com)
高一英語總復(fù)習(xí)16
Unit 17-18, SBⅡ
重點(diǎn)詞語:
1.in high position 地位很高
2.the South Pole南極
3.the North Pole北極
4.polar bear北極熊
5.at the opposite end of 在……對面
6.pull one's sled 拉雪橇
7.be about do (do ) 正要(做)
8. be just around the corner 就在附近,即將來臨
9.fall into 掉人
10.in good health 健康狀況良好
11.stand on one's left leg 用左腿獨(dú)立站好
12.solo travel獨(dú)自旅行
13.blow away 吹跑;刮走
14.knock sb. over. 把某人撞倒
15.refer to 所指;參考
16.rise to fame 名聲大振
17.the host of a talk show脫口秀主持人
18.so far 到目前為止
19.in history 在歷史上
20.fight for chances 設(shè)法尋找機(jī)會(huì)
21.best of luck to you 祝你好運(yùn)
22.without a strong plan 沒有詳細(xì)的計(jì)劃
23.always be the very best 總是做到最好
24.share with與……分享
25.lie to 位于……
26.be made up of 由……組成
27.be surrounded by 被……環(huán)繞
28.be famous for 因……聞名
29.such as 例如
30.take possession of 擁有……
31.refer to 參考;所指
32.in relation to 與……有關(guān)
33.be marked with 標(biāo)有……記號(hào)
34.compare…to…把……比作
35.stand for 代表
36.make up 占據(jù)空間
37.plenty of 大量;許多
38.be native to 原產(chǎn)于……
39.be careful in (在某方面)仔細(xì)
40.prepare for … 為……作準(zhǔn)備
難點(diǎn)講解:
1.inspire
【用法】vt. 激勵(lì);鼓勵(lì)
例如: His deeds greatly inspired his schoolmates.他的行為極大地激勵(lì)了他的同學(xué)。
【相關(guān)鏈接】
1)inspiring adj. 激勵(lì)人心的
例如:The speaker's words were inspiring.演講者的話很具有感召力。
2)inspired. adj. 受到鼓舞的
例如:The inspired soldiers threw their caps into the air,
shouting,"Long live the Public!"受到鼓舞的士兵將帽子拋向空中,大聲喊著:"共和國萬歲!"
3)inspiration n. 激勵(lì)的人的人或事物
例1:My father is always an inspiration to me父親對我來說總是一個(gè)鼓勵(lì)者
例2:The motto is an inspiration to many of us. 這個(gè)"座右銘"對于我們許多人來說是一種激勵(lì)。
2. mean
【用法一】adj. 地位卑下的;出身微賤的
例如:All the maids were mean in Dreams of the Red Chamber
《紅樓夢》中所有的丫環(huán)都是地位卑微的人
【用法二】adj. 吝嗇的
例如:Her husband is rather mean over money.她的丈夫?qū)﹀X相當(dāng)吝嗇。
【用法三】adj. 破爛不堪的
例如:They used to live in mean house in a mean street.他們以前住在一條鄙陋街道上的一幢破爛不堪的房子里。
3. tense
【用法】adj.緊張的
例1:Her legs felt tense after running.跑步后,她感到雙腿肌肉緊張。
例2:He looks tense with anxiety.他因焦慮而顯得緊張。
例3:The situation became tense suddenly.
形勢一下子變得緊張起來了。
【相關(guān)鏈接】
nervous adj.緊張的(只指人的精神狀態(tài))
例如:She felt nervous when asked about that.當(dāng)被問到那件事時(shí),她緊張起來了。
4. increase
【用法一】vt. & vi.增長
例1:Her absence increased our difficulty in doing the experiment.她的缺席增加了我們做這次試驗(yàn)的難度。
例2:The number of the students in my class has increased to 58.
我班學(xué)生人數(shù)已經(jīng)增長到了58位。
【用法二】n./'inkri:s /增多;增加
例1:The population increase makes the government feel hard.
人口的增長讓政府甚感棘手。
例2:We have got a steady increase in production.我們的生產(chǎn)在穩(wěn)步增長。
【相關(guān)鏈接】
increasing adj. 不斷增長的
例1:The increasing traffic problems are troubling the city people.不斷增長的交通問題一直在困擾著市民。
例2:The shopkeeper feels happy at the increasing income.對于日益增多的收益,店老板樂開了花。
5.threaten
【用法一】vt.威脅;恐嚇
例1:The boss threatened to dismiss Lucy if she didn't obey him.老板威脅露西,如果她不服從,就要開除她。
例2:The secretary received a letter threatening to murder the manager.秘書收到一封信,信中揚(yáng)言要謀殺經(jīng)理。
【用法二】vt.& vi.預(yù)示;將要發(fā)生
例1:The gathering black clouds are threatening a storm.天空中烏云密布,這預(yù)示著風(fēng)暴要來了。
例2:Knowing that a folld threatens, all the villagers are trying hard to get everything ready.知道一場洪水將要來臨,所有的村民都在努力做好一切準(zhǔn)備。
【相關(guān)鏈接】
1)threat n. 恐嚇;威脅
例如:I'm not afraid of their threat.我不懼怕他們的恐嚇。
2)threat n.惡兆
例如:There was a threat of rain in the dark sky.烏云密布的天空有下雨之兆。
6.support
【用法一】vt.支持
例如:We firmly support their struggle for human rights.我們堅(jiān)決支持他們?yōu)槿藱?quán)而進(jìn)行的斗爭。
【用法二】vt.支撐
例1:Whales have no strong bones to suport their heavy bodies on land.鯨沒有結(jié)實(shí)的骨骼在陸地上支撐其沉重的身體。
例2:The hall is supported by six large columns.
這個(gè)大廳由六根大圓柱支撐著。
【用法三】vt.養(yǎng)活
例如:He has a large family to support.他要養(yǎng)活一家子人。
【用法四】n.支持
例如:I hope to have your support in the election.我希望在這次選舉中得到你的支持。
7.affect
【用法一】vt.影響
例1:Parents' words and deeds affect their children a lot.父母親的言行對小孩的影響極大。
例2:Some plants are quickly affected by cold.有些植物很快就受到了寒冷氣候的影響。
【用法二】vt.感動(dòng);打動(dòng)
例如:The students were much affected by her story.同學(xué)們被她的事跡深深地感動(dòng)了。
【用法三】vt.(疾病)感染
例如:His wound was affected badly.他的傷口受到嚴(yán)重的感染。
8.lie
【用法一】vi. 平躺(不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞,其過去式、過去分詞為lay,lain)
例如:lie on one's back/side仰/側(cè)臥
【用法二】v. 展現(xiàn),伸展
例如:A bright future lies ahead.前途是光明的。
【用法三】v. 位于
例1:London lies on the River Thames.倫敦位于泰晤士河畔。
例2:There lies a temple at the foot of the mountain.山腳下有一座廟。
【用法四】v. & n. 說謊(規(guī)則動(dòng)詞)
例1:You are lying to him!你在對他說謊!
例2:They said she told lies to everyone.他們說她對任何人都說謊。
【相關(guān)鏈接】
1)lie down 躺下
例如:Go and lie down for a while.去躺一會(huì)兒。
2)lie in 在于
例如:The answer lies in two facts.答案在于兩個(gè)事實(shí)。
3)lie on 依賴,壓迫,取決于
例如:It lies on us to accomplish the task.完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)是我們的責(zé)任。
4)lie up 臥床休息
例如:You'd better lie up for a few more days.你最好再多休息幾天。
5)lie有時(shí)后面跟形容詞,表示所處狀態(tài)。
例如:The book lay open on the table.那本書打開著,放在桌子上。
【相關(guān)鏈接2】
1)lay v. (laid,laid)放、擱;產(chǎn)卵、下蛋
例1:He laid the book on the table and left.他把書放在桌上就走了。
例2:The hens lay ten eggs every day.這些母雞每天下十個(gè)蛋。
2)liar n. 撒謊者
例如:A liar is not believed when he tells the truth.說慣假話的人說真話時(shí)也沒有人會(huì)相信。
9.run
【用法一】v. 跑,奔,逃跑
例1:I ran as quickly as I could.我拼命地跑。
例2:The enemy ran away. 敵人逃走了。
例3:We ran to his aid. 我們跑去幫他。
【用法二】v. 競賽,競選
例1:run for Congress 參加國會(huì)議員競選
例2:run for mayor 競選市長
【用法三】v. (機(jī)器)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)
例如:The engine runs perfectly well.這臺(tái)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)十分良好。
【用法四】v. 流淌,滴
例1:The river runs thick.水流渾濁。
例2:The child's nose is running.孩子在流鼻涕。
【用法五】v. 變得
例如:The little pond has run dry.那個(gè)小池塘已經(jīng)干涸。
【用法六】v. (車輛)行駛
例1:The buses run until twelve.公共汽車12點(diǎn)收班。
例2:Are there any trains running to Sichuan from here從這里到四川有火車嗎?
【用法七】v. (道路)延伸,延續(xù)
例如:The street runs from south to north.這條街是南北向的。
【用法八】v. 經(jīng)營,管理
例如:They run most of the stores here.他們管理著這里的大部分商店。
【用法九】v. (顏色)褪色
例如:When I washed the blouse, the color ran. 我洗這件襯衫,褪了色。
【相關(guān)鏈接1】
1)run after 追逐,追求
例如:If you run after two hares, you will catch neither.不能腳踏兩只船。
2)run away from 從……跑掉;逃避
例如:He ran away from school. 他逃學(xué)了。
3)run out (某物)被用完
例如:We decided it would be best to go home before our money ran out.我們認(rèn)為最好在把錢用完之前回家。
4)run out of 用完(某物)
例如:We ran out of coal, and had to burn wood.我們用完了煤,只好燒木柴。
5)run into 無意間碰到,和……相撞
例如:I ran into him now and then.我不時(shí)碰見他。
【相關(guān)鏈接2】
runner 賽跑的人 runway跑道
10.some
【用法一】adj. 一些,若干,幾個(gè)(可以修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞)
例1:Please bring some coffee without sugar.請來點(diǎn)兒不加糖的咖啡。
例2:Ask some boys to help you.叫幾個(gè)男孩幫幫你。
【用法二】adj. (修飾單數(shù)名詞)某個(gè)(人或物)= a certain
例1:There must be some mistake.準(zhǔn)是出了什么差錯(cuò)。
例2:I suggested to Red that we should go to some hotel.我向瑞得建議我們該去找個(gè)旅店。
【用法三】pron. 一些
例如:Some of the trees can be cut each year for firewood.一些樹每年可以被砍作柴火。
【用法四】adv. 大約,與about同義
例如:It happened some thirty years ago.這件事大約發(fā)生在三十年前。
【相關(guān)鏈接1】
some more 再來一點(diǎn),更多
【相關(guān)鏈接2】
somebody/someone 某人,有人
something 某事,某物
sometimes 有時(shí)
somewhere 在某處
11.surprising
【用法】adj. 令人驚奇的
例1:What you have just told me is very surprising.你剛才告訴我的事真讓人吃驚。
例2:Is there anything surprising about it? I don't think so.
有關(guān)這事有什么讓人吃驚的?我認(rèn)為沒有。
【相關(guān)鏈接】
surprising和surprised的區(qū)別:surprising和surprised都是由surprise派生來的形容詞,但surprised是"吃驚的","感到驚奇的"。
例如:He didn't notice the surprised look on her face.他沒有注意到她臉上吃驚的表情。
12.shock
【用法一】v. 使震驚
例如:He was shocked at her smoking. = Her smoking shocked him.她抽煙使他震驚。
【用法二】v. 使觸電
例如:He got shocked when he touched the wire.他一摸電線就觸電了。
【用法三】n. [C]震動(dòng),沖擊
例1:Three shocks of the earthquakes were felt last night.
昨晚感覺到三次地震。
例2:The news was a great shock to Marie.那個(gè)消息給了瑪麗很大的震撼。
【相關(guān)鏈接】
shocking adj. 令人震驚的
13.majority
【用法】n. 大多數(shù)(常和the連用)
例如:The majority of people in the town want to encourage new industry in the areA.城里的大多數(shù)人想在該地區(qū)鼓勵(lì)新工業(yè)的發(fā)展。
注意:majority 作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞可以是單數(shù),也可以是復(fù)數(shù),其反義詞是minority。
14.share
【用法一】v. 合用,分享
例1:We share a small room between us.我們倆共用一個(gè)小房間。
例2:She never shared any of her husband's worries.她從不分擔(dān)丈夫的任何憂愁。
【用法二】v. 分配,均分
例3:Mother is sharing the cakes to make sure that every boy gets some.母親正在分蛋糕,確保每個(gè)男孩都吃到一些。
【用法二】n. 分得的一份,應(yīng)承受的一份
例1:You have had more than your share of this apple-pie.
你吃的蘋果派比你應(yīng)得的分量多。
例2:You must take your share of the blame.你必須接受批評。
【相關(guān)鏈接】
take one's share 盡自己的一份責(zé)任
15.ship
【用法一】n. 大船
例如:They are making a ship.他們在造一艘大船。
【用法二】n. 全船的人
例如:The whole ship was given liberty.全船的人都自由了。
【用法三】v. 用輪船運(yùn)送
例如:I'm flying to America but my car is being shipped.我正乘飛機(jī)去美國,而我的汽車用船運(yùn)到美國。
【相關(guān)鏈接1】
by ship 坐船
例如:They went by ship to New York.他們乘船去了紐約。
【相關(guān)鏈接2】
warship 戰(zhàn)船 spaceship宇宙飛船
steamship輪船 shipbuilding造船業(yè)
shipyard造船廠
16.lie down
lie down躺下
例如:Having done all the housework, she lay down in bed.
做完所有的家務(wù)后,她躺在床上休息了。
注意:課文中的On November 12 the storm lay down.(十一月十二日風(fēng)暴停下來了。)這個(gè)句子中的lay down是引申意義。
17.make a decision
make a decision 做出決定
例1:Finally he made a decision that he would give up the plan.
他終于做出決定要放棄計(jì)劃。
例2:Children should be encouraged to make their own decisions.應(yīng)當(dāng)鼓勵(lì)孩子自己去做出決定。
18.go down
go down(太陽)落山
例如:When the sun is going down, the whole farm looks more beautiful.當(dāng)太陽落山時(shí),整個(gè)農(nóng)場看起來更美了。
【相關(guān)鏈接】
1)go down(價(jià)格)跌落
例如:The price of beef has gone down finally.牛肉的價(jià)格終于下降了。
2)go down(指海洋、風(fēng)暴)平衡;平息
例如:The rough sea finally went down.波濤洶涌的海面總算平靜下來了。
3)go down 受歡迎
例如:The film HERO went down well.《英雄》這部影片很受觀眾歡迎。
19.refer to
refer to所指;談及;提及
例1:I was not referring to her when I said so.當(dāng)我那么說時(shí),我并不是指她。
例2:The boy you referred to is my seatmate.你剛才談到的那個(gè)男生是我的同桌。
【相關(guān)鏈接】
1)refer to 參考;咨詢
例如:While he was writing the essay, he referred to some other books.在寫那篇論文時(shí),他參考了其他一些書籍。
2)refer … to 把……歸于
例如:He referred his success to his trainer.他認(rèn)為自己的成功應(yīng)歸功于自己的教練。
3)refer … to 將……提交
例如:The dispute was referred to the United Nations.該項(xiàng)爭議已提交聯(lián)合國處理。
20.make up
make up 創(chuàng)造,編造;和解;彌補(bǔ);化裝;構(gòu)成
例1:The teacher asked the children to make up a poem about Christmas.老師讓孩子們創(chuàng)作一首關(guān)于圣誕節(jié)的詩歌。
例2:Mary and Joan quarreled, but made up after a while.
瑪麗和瓊吵架,但過了一會(huì)兒就和好了。
例3:John must make up the lessons he missed.約翰必須補(bǔ)上他落下的功課。
例4:The actors were making up when we arrived.我們到的時(shí)候,演員們正在化裝。
例5:Nine players make up a team.九個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員組成一個(gè)隊(duì)。
注意:用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),和of連用。
例如:This is made up of three different parts.這是由三個(gè)不同的部分組成的。
【相關(guān)鏈接】
1)be made of 由……制成(從成品中可看得出原料)
例如:The bridge is made of steel.這座橋是鋼材造的。
2)be made from 由……制成(從成品中看不出原料)
例如:Steel is made from iron.鋼材是由鐵煉成的。
3)make up one's mind 打定主意,決定
例如:I made up my mind to go to him.我決定到他那里去。
4)make up for 彌補(bǔ)
例如:Hard work can often make up for a lack of intelligence.勤奮能補(bǔ)拙。
5)make up from 由……制作
例如:She wore a necklace made up from silver coins.
她戴了一串銀幣做的項(xiàng)鏈。
6)be made up of 由……組成/構(gòu)成
例如:The mobile medical team was made up of ten doctors.這支流動(dòng)醫(yī)療隊(duì)由十位醫(yī)生組成。
7)be made into 被制成……
例如:Glass were made into bottles.玻璃制成瓶子。
8)be made in 在……地方制造
例如:Is your car made in Shanghai?你的車是上海產(chǎn)的嗎?
21.be surrounded by
be surrounded by/with 為……所包圍
例如:Britain is surrounded by sea.英國四周是都是海。
【相關(guān)鏈接】
surround with 用……把……圍住
例如:He surrounded the castle with a high wall.
他用高墻把城堡圍住。
22.the same…as
the same … as 和……一樣
例1:He was about the same age as Philip.他和飛利普年齡差不多一樣大。
例2:She felt the same as he did.她和他的感覺一樣。
【相關(guān)鏈接】
1)just the same 同樣地,照樣
例如:It won't make any difference to you. I'll pay for the lessons just the same.對你不會(huì)有所不同,我還是照付功課錢。
2)the same to you 祝你也是如此
例如:Happy New Year! 新年快樂!
Thank you. The same to you! 謝謝!也祝你愉快!
3)all the same 盡管如此,仍然
例如:He gave us a lot of trouble, but I like him all the same.盡管他給我們?nèi)橇撕芏嗦闊?可我還是喜歡他。
4)at the same time 同時(shí)
例如:I know he is untruthful. But, at the same time, I must admit he is a good worker.我知道他不誠實(shí),但我同時(shí)必須承認(rèn)他是個(gè)好工人。
23.be famous for
be famous for 因……而著名
例如:Scotland has many lakes and mountains, and is famous for its beautiful countryside.蘇格蘭有許多湖泊和山脈,并以其鄉(xiāng)村美景著稱。
【相關(guān)鏈接】
be famous as 作為……而著名
例如:She is famous as a writer.她作為作家而聞名。
24.take possession of
take possession of 奪取,占有,占領(lǐng)
例如:The policeman took possession of the thief's bag.警察奪過那個(gè)小偷的袋子。
【相關(guān)鏈接】
1)have possession of 占有,擁有
例如:He has had possession of the adjoining land for ten years.他占有鄰近的地已經(jīng)十年了。
2)in possession of 占有,擁有,持有
例如:Who is in possession of the property?誰擁有這筆財(cái)產(chǎn)?
3)in one's possession = in the possession of sb.
在某人手中,由某人掌管,為某人所擁有
例如:The keys are in his possession.鑰匙歸他管。
25.refer to
refer to 查閱,參閱;指……而言;適用于;提到,談到
例1:A person refers to a dictionary to find the meaning of words.一個(gè)人要查字典找字意。
例2:When I said some people were stupid I wasn't referring to you.我說有些人很傻,不是指你們。
例3:This rule refers to everyone.這條規(guī)則適用于任何人。
例4:The speaker referred to his past experiences.發(fā)言人提到了自己過去的經(jīng)歷。
【相關(guān)鏈接】
refer … to … 歸功于
例如:He referred his success to the good teaching he's had.他把成功歸功于其受到的良好教育。
27.in relation to
in relation to 和……聯(lián)系起來;關(guān)于
例1:Prices seem high in relation to wages.和工資比起來,價(jià)格似乎較高。
例2:What did you say in relation to what happened yesterday?你對昨天發(fā)生的事有何高見?
【相關(guān)鏈接】
1)out of relation to 和……不相稱
例如:The effort and expense needed for this project were out of relation to the results.這項(xiàng)工程需要的精力和財(cái)力與結(jié)果不相稱。
2)with relation to 關(guān)于
例如:We must plan with relation to the future.我們必須計(jì)劃將來。
28.compare … with
compare…with 把……和……進(jìn)行比較
例如:I compared the translation with the original.我把譯文和原文對照了一遍。
【相關(guān)鏈接】
compare … to … 把……比作
例如:The students compare their teachers to candles.學(xué)生們把老師比作蠟燭。
29.stand for
stand for 代表;主張,提倡;(否定結(jié)構(gòu))容許,容忍
例1:What does NB stand for?NB代表什么?
例2:We like our school and all it stands for.我們愛學(xué)校以及它所倡導(dǎo)的一切。
例3:The teacher wouldn't stand for such behavior.老師不會(huì)容忍這樣的行為。
【相關(guān)鏈接】
1)stand up 起立
例如:Every student stood up when the teacher came in.老師進(jìn)來時(shí),每位學(xué)生都起立。
2)stand by 站在一旁,袖手旁觀
例1:Mary could not tell Jane the secret with her little brother standing by.瑪麗不能告訴珍妮那個(gè)秘密,因?yàn)樗男〉艿苷驹谂赃叀?BR> 例2:And did you just stand by and do nothing?你就袖手旁觀嗎?
31.take place
take place 發(fā)生
例如:Great changes have taken place in the last two years.最近兩年發(fā)生了巨大的變化。
【相關(guān)鏈接】
1)take a/one's seat 坐下,就坐
例如:Come here and take a seat.過來,坐下。
2)take it easy 別著急,別緊張
例如:We have time lift. Take it easy.我們還有時(shí)間,別緊張。
3)take up 占用
例如:The box takes up too much room.這個(gè)盒子太占地方。
4)take out 拿出
例如:He took out a photo and looked carefully.他拿出張照片細(xì)看起來。
5)take away 拿走
例如:I'm not using the dictionary now; you may take it away.我現(xiàn)在不用字典,你可以拿走。
6)take off 脫下;(飛機(jī))起飛
例1:You'd better take off your coat.你最好脫掉外套。
例2:The flight takes off at 9 o'clock.這班飛機(jī)九點(diǎn)鐘起飛。
32.mark … with
mark … with 用……標(biāo)記……
例如:Each stone was marked with a number.每塊石頭上都標(biāo)上了數(shù)碼。
33.turn to
turn to 查閱;求助于;變成;轉(zhuǎn)向
例1:They always turn to me when they are in trouble.他們一有困難就來找我。
例2:I have turned to all the well-known reference books for help.我已經(jīng)查閱了所有著名的參考書。
例3:The snow soon turned to rain.雪很快變成了雨。
例4:He turned to the study and practice of medicine.他轉(zhuǎn)向醫(yī)學(xué)研究和實(shí)踐。
【相關(guān)鏈接】
1)turn out/off 關(guān)掉(電燈、煤氣等)
例如:He turned out the light and followed his wife upstairs他關(guān)掉燈跟著妻子上樓去了。
2)turn over 翻過來
例如:Turn over, or your back will get sunburnt.翻過來,否則會(huì)曬傷你的背。
3)turn on 打開(開關(guān)等)
例如:He turned on his bath water.他打開洗澡水。
4)turn down 把(聲音)放低,關(guān)小
例如:He turned down the oil lamp.他把油燈弄暗。
5)turn into 變成
例如:It turned into a fine day.天變晴了。
34.plenty of
plenty of 大量,很多
例1:There was plenty of work for girls of her age.有很多她這個(gè)年齡的女孩能做的工作。
例2:There are plenty of men out of work.有大量的男人失業(yè)。
注意:plenty of 多用于肯定句。
【相關(guān)鏈接】
in plenty 充足地,富裕地
例1:There was food in plenty.有很多食物。
例2:Some people live in plenty, while others haven't enough to eat.有些人的生活富裕,而其他人還不能達(dá)到溫飽。
35.prepare for
prepare for 為……做準(zhǔn)備(= get ready for )
例如:Will you help me prepare for the party?你能幫我準(zhǔn)備晚會(huì)嗎?
語法精講:
Agreement (主謂一致)
【概念】
謂語受主語支配,須和主語在人稱數(shù)上保持一致,這就是主謂一致。處理主謂一致問題可依據(jù)三項(xiàng)原則:語法上一致,意義上一致和就近一致。
【用法】
A、謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)的情況:
1.以單數(shù)名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句作主語時(shí)
eg. Whether he comes or not is of no matter.
2.主語是單數(shù),其后盡管有 as well as, with, along with, together with, like ( 介), including, but, except 等起連接作用的詞語帶其它名詞時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)(與主語一致)。
eg. The teacher as well as the students likes this film. (All the family, except a new- born baby, were killed)
3.某些不定代詞如 either, neither, each等作主語時(shí)。
eg. Each of the girls has an orange.
但在口語中,ether或neither +of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí),也可用復(fù)數(shù)。
4. the number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),中心詞是number。
5.表時(shí)間距離、價(jià)格、度量衡等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞或短語作為一個(gè)整體看時(shí),用單數(shù)(一段時(shí)間,一筆錢數(shù),一段距離,一個(gè))
eg. Twenty miles is a long way to walk.
Four hundred dollars is more than she can afford .
6.在四則算式中,謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)(但有時(shí)也可用復(fù)數(shù))
eg. Five plus five is ten.
Ten times four makes forty.
7.由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語的邊,如果分別有each, every, no, many a 時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
eg. Every boy and (every) girl in the class is clever.
Each minute and (each) second is valuable to us Mary a student is coming.
8. 由 and連接兩個(gè)作主語的單數(shù)名詞指同一人,同一物,同一概念時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,這時(shí)and后面的名詞沒有冠詞。
eg. -- In this hotel (the) bread and butter ( the bread with butter on it) is served for breakfast.
--The girl's teacher and friend is a young doctor.
9.書名、劇名、報(bào)紙名、國名等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí),謂語用單數(shù)。
eg. "The Arabran Nights" is a very interesting story book .
The United States is a developed country.
10. 表數(shù)量one and a half + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí),謂語用單數(shù)。
eg. One and a half oranges is left on the table.
B.謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)情況:
1.用and或both…… and連接并列主語時(shí)
eg. --Fire and water do not agree. 水火不相容。
--Both he and I are going to America.
2.一些只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞作主語時(shí)
如: Clothes, trousers, glasses, shoes,等。
eg. My trousers are being washed.
但,如果成雙的東西前有a pair of 來修飾時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
3.表總稱意義的名詞 police, people, cattle 作主語。
4.以定冠詞the + adj. (或分詞形式的adj) 作主語時(shí)表"一類人"。
eg. The rich are not always happy.
5.A number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞。
6.more than + 數(shù)詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)。
eg. More than two hundred people attended the concert.
但 more than one + 名詞常用單數(shù)
More than one person is going to……
C. 單、復(fù)數(shù)依情況而定
1. a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of (quantities of), the test of, 分?jǐn)?shù),百分?jǐn)?shù)+n 構(gòu)成短語作主語時(shí),就情況而定。
2.family, team, group, class, crowd 等作主語時(shí)。
eg. My family is a big family.
My family are watching TV.
3.sheep, deer, fish, means, works.
D.就近一致
1.在正式文體中用or, either....or, neither...nor, whether...or, not only ... but also等連接并列主語時(shí),not....not...
eg. He didn't say whether some English novels or an English dictionary was wanted.
2.在倒裝句中,謂語動(dòng)詞往往和后面的第一個(gè)主語一致。
eg. -- Where is your friend and your classmates ?
--There is a notebook and some dictionaries on the desk.
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