《高中英語語法-全面回顧被動(dòng)語態(tài)(四)》由留學(xué)英語組編輯整理(www.liuxue86.com)。本內(nèi)容整理時(shí)間為05月12日，如有任何問題請(qǐng)聯(lián)系我們。
全面回顧被動(dòng)語態(tài)(四)
七、被動(dòng)語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別
當(dāng)“be+過去分詞”作被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)表示主語承受的動(dòng)作；作系表結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)表示主語的特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài)時(shí)，be后面的過去分詞是表語，相當(dāng)于形容詞。其區(qū)分辦法如下：
1．如果強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作或句中有介詞by引導(dǎo)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，該句一般為被動(dòng)語態(tài)，否則為系表結(jié)構(gòu)。
例The glass is broken． （系表結(jié)構(gòu)）
The glass was broken by the boy． （被動(dòng)語態(tài)）
2．如果句中有地點(diǎn)、頻率或時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，一般為被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
例The door is locked． （系表結(jié)構(gòu)）
The door haslready/just been locked．（被動(dòng)語態(tài)）
3．被動(dòng)語態(tài)除用于一般時(shí)態(tài)和完成時(shí)態(tài)外，還可以用于其他各種時(shí)態(tài)，而系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的系動(dòng)詞be只有一般時(shí)態(tài)和完成時(shí)態(tài)。
例 The machine is being repaired．
八、被動(dòng)語態(tài)與高考試題的內(nèi)容'>高考試題賞析
1． 高考對(duì)謂語動(dòng)詞語態(tài)的考查例析
1). In some parts of the world, tea ___ with milk and sugar. (NMET1993)
A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served
解析 B 因?yàn)閟erve是及物動(dòng)詞，其動(dòng)作承受者tea作主語，表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的情況，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
2). This is Ted’s phone. We miss him a lot. He ___ trying to save a child in the earthquake.(NMET2002)
A. killed B. is killed
C. was killed D. was killing
解析 C Ted是kill的承受者，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，且Ted救人發(fā)生在過去，所以用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
3). ---- Have you moved into the new house?
---- Not yet, the rooms _____. (NMET1991) A. are being painted B. are painting
C. are painted D. are being painting
解析 A “house”和“paint”應(yīng)該是被動(dòng)的關(guān)系，排除B，D。后者未搬進(jìn)新居的原因是房子正在油漆，所以要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。不能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，排除C。
4). When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ___ yet. （上海春2003）
A. are not decided B. have not been decided
C. is not being decided D. has not been decided
解析 D decide是及物動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者通常是人，句中的主語是動(dòng)作的承受者，所以decide要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。從題干的語境和關(guān)鍵詞yet，可判斷用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，不定式做主語用單數(shù)，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
5). The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets ___.（上海春2001）
A. was booked B. had been booked
C. were booked D. have been booked
解析 B 句中tickets是book(訂票)的承受者，主謂為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，又因票已被訂出應(yīng)發(fā)生在entered the office這個(gè)過去動(dòng)作之前，所以要用過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
2．高考對(duì)非謂語動(dòng)詞語態(tài)的考查
當(dāng)非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語為動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí), 須用被動(dòng)式。弄清非謂語動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語之間的執(zhí)行與承受關(guān)系是掌握非謂語動(dòng)詞語態(tài)的關(guān)鍵。
1). Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ___ whether they will enjoy it. (NMET2002)
A. to see B. to be seen
C. seeing D. seen
解析 B 根據(jù)題意，那對(duì)老夫婦是否到國外旅行是將來的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)使用不定式，故排除掉C、D兩項(xiàng)；又因remains的邏輯主語it是動(dòng)詞see說表示動(dòng)作的承受者，即“到國外旅行”這件事，這件事有待于“被決定”，應(yīng)使用動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。
2). While shopping, people sometimes can’t help ___ into buying something they don’t really need. （上海1996）
A. to persuaded B. persuading
C. being persuaded D. be persuaded
解析 C can’t help doing “禁不住做某事”，排除A和D；顧客應(yīng)是“被勸說”購物的，要用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
3）. I feel it is your husband who ___ for the spoiled child. （上海2002）
A. is to blame B. is going to blame
C. is to be blamed D. should blame
解析 A feel的賓語從句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，在be to do結(jié)構(gòu)中，在某些場合可用不定式的主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示被動(dòng)語態(tài)，如to blame， to let等。
《高中英語語法-全面回顧被動(dòng)語態(tài)(四)》由留學(xué)英語組編輯整理(www.liuxue86.com)
全面回顧被動(dòng)語態(tài)(四)
七、被動(dòng)語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別
當(dāng)“be+過去分詞”作被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)表示主語承受的動(dòng)作；作系表結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)表示主語的特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài)時(shí)，be后面的過去分詞是表語，相當(dāng)于形容詞。其區(qū)分辦法如下：
1．如果強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作或句中有介詞by引導(dǎo)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，該句一般為被動(dòng)語態(tài)，否則為系表結(jié)構(gòu)。
例The glass is broken． （系表結(jié)構(gòu)）
The glass was broken by the boy． （被動(dòng)語態(tài)）
2．如果句中有地點(diǎn)、頻率或時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，一般為被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
例The door is locked． （系表結(jié)構(gòu)）
The door haslready/just been locked．（被動(dòng)語態(tài)）
3．被動(dòng)語態(tài)除用于一般時(shí)態(tài)和完成時(shí)態(tài)外，還可以用于其他各種時(shí)態(tài)，而系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的系動(dòng)詞be只有一般時(shí)態(tài)和完成時(shí)態(tài)。
例 The machine is being repaired．
八、被動(dòng)語態(tài)與高考試題的內(nèi)容'>高考試題賞析
1． 高考對(duì)謂語動(dòng)詞語態(tài)的考查例析
1). In some parts of the world, tea ___ with milk and sugar. (NMET1993)
A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served
解析 B 因?yàn)閟erve是及物動(dòng)詞，其動(dòng)作承受者tea作主語，表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的情況，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
2). This is Ted’s phone. We miss him a lot. He ___ trying to save a child in the earthquake.(NMET2002)
A. killed B. is killed
C. was killed D. was killing
解析 C Ted是kill的承受者，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，且Ted救人發(fā)生在過去，所以用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
3). ---- Have you moved into the new house?
---- Not yet, the rooms _____. (NMET1991) A. are being painted B. are painting
C. are painted D. are being painting
解析 A “house”和“paint”應(yīng)該是被動(dòng)的關(guān)系，排除B，D。后者未搬進(jìn)新居的原因是房子正在油漆，所以要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。不能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，排除C。
4). When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ___ yet. （上海春2003）
A. are not decided B. have not been decided
C. is not being decided D. has not been decided
解析 D decide是及物動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者通常是人，句中的主語是動(dòng)作的承受者，所以decide要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。從題干的語境和關(guān)鍵詞yet，可判斷用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，不定式做主語用單數(shù)，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
5). The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets ___.（上海春2001）
A. was booked B. had been booked
C. were booked D. have been booked
解析 B 句中tickets是book(訂票)的承受者，主謂為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，又因票已被訂出應(yīng)發(fā)生在entered the office這個(gè)過去動(dòng)作之前，所以要用過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
2．高考對(duì)非謂語動(dòng)詞語態(tài)的考查
當(dāng)非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語為動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí), 須用被動(dòng)式。弄清非謂語動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語之間的執(zhí)行與承受關(guān)系是掌握非謂語動(dòng)詞語態(tài)的關(guān)鍵。
1). Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ___ whether they will enjoy it. (NMET2002)
A. to see B. to be seen
C. seeing D. seen
解析 B 根據(jù)題意，那對(duì)老夫婦是否到國外旅行是將來的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)使用不定式，故排除掉C、D兩項(xiàng)；又因remains的邏輯主語it是動(dòng)詞see說表示動(dòng)作的承受者，即“到國外旅行”這件事，這件事有待于“被決定”，應(yīng)使用動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。
2). While shopping, people sometimes can’t help ___ into buying something they don’t really need. （上海1996）
A. to persuaded B. persuading
C. being persuaded D. be persuaded
解析 C can’t help doing “禁不住做某事”，排除A和D；顧客應(yīng)是“被勸說”購物的，要用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
3）. I feel it is your husband who ___ for the spoiled child. （上海2002）
A. is to blame B. is going to blame
C. is to be blamed D. should blame
解析 A feel的賓語從句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，在be to do結(jié)構(gòu)中，在某些場合可用不定式的主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示被動(dòng)語態(tài)，如to blame， to let等。
《高中英語語法-全面回顧被動(dòng)語態(tài)(四)》由留學(xué)英語組編輯整理(www.liuxue86.com)