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副 詞
adverb
簡寫：adv.
經(jīng)過了前兩周介詞和冠詞滴復(fù)習(xí)
這周我們主要來學(xué)習(xí)副詞
副詞是一種用來修飾動(dòng)詞,形容詞,全句的詞,說明時(shí)間,地點(diǎn),程度,方式等概念的詞。
副詞的分類：
地點(diǎn)副詞.
方式副詞.
程度副詞.
疑問副詞
連接副詞
副詞連用順序：程度副詞+方式副詞+地點(diǎn)副詞+時(shí)間副詞
1) 時(shí)間和頻度副詞:
now,then,often,always,usually,today,early, lately,
next,last,already,generally,frequently, seldom,ever,never,yet,
soon,too, immediately, hardly,finally,shortly,
before, ago,sometimes, yesterday.
2) 地點(diǎn)副詞:
here, there, everywhere, anywhere,
in, out, inside, outside, above, below, down,
back, forward, home, upstairs, downstairs,
across, along, round , around, near,
off, past, up, away, on.
3) 方式副詞:
carefully, properly, anxiously, suddenly, normally,
fast, well, calmly, politely, proudly, softly, warmly
4) 程度副詞:
much,little, very,rather,so,too,still, quite,
perfectly, enough, extremely, entirely,almost, slightly.
5) 疑問副詞:
how, when, where, why.
6) 關(guān)系副詞:
when, where, why.
7) 連接副詞:
therefore,moreover,however,otherwise,then.
副詞的用法
副詞在句中可作狀語,表語,補(bǔ)語
1.作狀語
He works hard. 他工作努力。
You speak English quite well. 你英語講的相當(dāng)好。
Food here is hardly to get. 這兒很難弄到食物。
2.作表語
Is she in ? 她在家嗎?
Let's be out. 讓我們出去吧。
3.作補(bǔ)語
Let him out!讓他出去！
副 詞 的 位 置:
1.多數(shù)副詞都可以放在動(dòng)詞的后面,如果動(dòng)詞帶有賓語,副詞就放在賓語后面
I get up early in the morning everyday. 我每天早早起床。
He gave me a gift yesterday. 他昨天給了我一件禮物。
She didn't drink water enough. 她沒喝夠水。
The train goes fast. 火車跑得快。
We can go to this school freely. 我們可以免費(fèi)到這家學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)。
They left a life hardly then. 當(dāng)時(shí)他們的生活很艱難。
He has a new cat on today. 他今天戴了一頂新帽子。
I have seen this film twice with my friends. 這部電影我和朋友看過兩次。
2.副詞修飾形容詞,副詞時(shí),副詞在前面,而被修飾的詞在后面
It's rather easy, I can do it. 這很容易,我能做到。
He did it quite well. 他做得相當(dāng)好。
It's rather difficult to tell who is right. 很難說誰是對的。
It's so important that I must tell my friends. 這件事太重要了，我得告訴我的朋友。
It's much better. 好多了。
3.頻度副詞可放在實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的前面,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞的后面
I often help him these days. 這些日子我經(jīng)常幫助他。
I always remember the day when I first came to this school. 我常常記得我第一次來學(xué)校的那一天。
You mustn't always help me. 你不能老是幫助我。
He seldom comes to see us. 他很少來看我們。
We usually go shopping once a week. 我們通常一周買一次東西。
The new students don't always go to dance. 新學(xué)生并不時(shí)常去跳舞。
4. 疑問副詞,連接副詞,關(guān)系副詞以及修飾整個(gè)句子的副詞,通常放在句子或從句的前面
When do you study everyday? 你每天什么時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)?
Can you tell me how you did it? 你能告訴我你如何做的嗎?
First, let me ask you some questions. 先讓我來問幾個(gè)問題。
How much does this bike cost? 這輛車子多少錢？
Either you go or he comes. 不是你去就是他來。
The students were reading when the teacher came into the classroom. 當(dāng)老師進(jìn)教室時(shí)，學(xué)生們正在讀書。
5. 時(shí)間副詞和地點(diǎn)副詞在一個(gè)句中, 地點(diǎn)副詞在前面時(shí)間副詞在后面
We went shopping in the supermarket at 9 o'clock yesterday. 昨天九點(diǎn)鐘我們到超市買東西了.
What were you doing in the classroom yesterday evening? 昨天下午你在教室里干什么？
The accident took place one hour ago in the Eleven Avenue. 一小時(shí)前十一號大街發(fā)生了一場事故。
副 詞 的 比 較 等 級:
副詞和形容詞一樣,也有它的比較級和最高級形式.
可以參考形容詞的變換形式
以詞尾 -ly 結(jié)尾的副詞（除 early ）須用 more 和 most 。
hard harder hardest
fast faster fastest
early earlier earliest
much more most
warmly more warmly most warmly
單音節(jié)副詞的比較級是在副詞后面加上 -er 構(gòu)成的，最高級是在副詞后面加上 -est 構(gòu)成的
near nearer nearest
hard harder hardest
多音節(jié)副詞的比較級是在副詞的前面加上 -more 構(gòu)成的。 最高級是在副詞前面加上 -most 構(gòu)成的
warmlymore warmlymost warmly
successfullymore successfullymost successfully
有些副詞的比較級和最高級形式是不規(guī)則的
well-better - best little - less - least
Much- more - most badly - worse - worst
far-farther(further)-farthest(furthest)
副詞的比較級和最高級用法同形容詞的比較級用法基本一樣
最高級形式句中 the 可以省略。
He works harder than I. 他比我工作努力。
Lucy gets up earlier than Lili. 露西比麗麗起床早。
He runs fastest in our class. 他在我們班跑地最快。
He dives deeper than his teammates. 他比他的隊(duì)員潛水深。
It's true that he speak English more fluently than any of us. 他英語講的確實(shí)比我們?nèi)魏稳硕己谩?BR> Our school team play football best in our region. 我們校隊(duì)在我們地區(qū)足球踢得最好的。
副詞比較級和最高級的變化形式
這個(gè)其實(shí)與形容詞基本上一樣
舉幾個(gè)例子：
一般 副詞
hard→harder →hardest
fast→faster →fastest
late→later →latest
early→earlier →earliest
特殊 副詞
well →better →best
much →more →most
badly →worse →worst
little →less(er) →least
注意：開放類副詞即以后綴-ly結(jié)尾的副詞不能像形容詞那樣加-er或-est，
比如說：
quickly →more quickly →most quickly quietly →more quietly →most quietly
early中的-ly不是后綴
故可以把y變i再加-er和-est
比較級和最高級的基本用法
下面我們結(jié)合練習(xí)來看看如何用
1.原級比較的基本用法
原級比較由“as＋形容詞或副詞(或再加名詞或短語)＋as ”構(gòu)成“原級相同”比較句，表示兩者比較；
其否定式，即“程度不及”比較句型為“not so(as) ＋形容詞或副詞＋as”
而且as…as結(jié)構(gòu)前可用just, almost, nearly, quite等表示程度的詞修飾
習(xí)題1：Walking briskly for thirty minutes will burn as many calories as .
A.to run for fifteen minutes B.running for fifteen minutes C.you run for fifteen minutes D.fifteen minute walking
選B
習(xí)題2-1：找出下面劃線處那個(gè)是錯(cuò)的:
The gorilla，while not quite as curious than the chimpanzee，shows more persistence and memory retention in solving a problem.
很顯然，than是錯(cuò)的，應(yīng)該改為 as ，和前面的as和形容詞原形curious 一起構(gòu)成同程度比較
習(xí)題2-2：Alaska is twice as larger as the next largest state，Texas.
這里as larger 是錯(cuò)的，應(yīng)該改為as large
“as (so)＋名詞＋as＋名詞”進(jìn)行名詞比較
這時(shí)一般情況下有一個(gè)表示原級的比較詞
但如果第一名詞前出現(xiàn)了形容詞修飾該詞或出現(xiàn)副詞修飾謂語，應(yīng)當(dāng)用so而不用as
習(xí)題3：Thomas Jefferson’s achievements as an architect rival his contributions a politician.
A.such B.more C.as D.than
選C
這個(gè)偶解釋下：
動(dòng)詞rival(勝過、匹敵)前后是兩個(gè)相比較的成分achievements(成果)和 contributions(貢獻(xiàn))，
由于前面的名詞后出現(xiàn)了短語 as an architect，所以空白處也應(yīng)該用as
這樣使前后對比成分一致。
習(xí)題4： I should say Henry is not much a writer as a reporter.
A.that B.so C.this D.as
選B
2.比較級
比較級由“形容詞(副詞)比較級＋than＋…，”構(gòu)成表示在兩者中間一方比另一方“更加…”
連詞than后可接句子，
也可接名詞、代詞、名詞短語、介詞短語、動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、?ing結(jié)構(gòu)和ed結(jié)構(gòu)，有時(shí)也可省去than。
習(xí)題5: Natural mica(云母) of a superior quality is cheapest to obtain than synthetic mica.
cheapest錯(cuò)誤，應(yīng)改為比較級cheaper
比較級后并不一定跟接連詞than，
有時(shí)在其間有名詞或名詞短語(被形容詞所修飾)，介詞短語，不定式或其他成分隔開。
習(xí)題6：She is older than
A.any other girl in the group B.any girl in the group C.all girls in the group D.you and me as well as the group
選A
這個(gè)偶也解釋下：
“She”作為單個(gè)不能跟全組比(C和D不對)，
也不能跟全組所有相比，
因?yàn)?ldquo;她”也是其中一員，所以“她”不能跟自己相比
這里“She”比較的是“這組中的任何一個(gè)”，所以說A是對滴。
習(xí)題7： Josephine McCrackin joined the “Santa Cruz Sentinel” in 1905 and， until her death fifteen years late ， remained active in journalistic work.
這里比較明顯了
late是錯(cuò)的，應(yīng)該是比較級later，因?yàn)檫@里實(shí)際上是和1905年相比晚了15年，所以要使用比較級
注意than前后兩項(xiàng)相比較的人或事物要一致
習(xí)題8：The purpose of the research had a more important meaning for them than .
A.ours B.with us C.for ours it had D.it did for us
習(xí)題9：Sound travels air .
A.faster through water than through B.faster than through water and
C.through water faster and D.where it is faster through water than through
習(xí)題9：Gerbrand von den Feckhout, one of Rembrand's pupils, followed the style of his teacher so implicitly that his paintings are sometimes confused with his master .
劃線的地方是錯(cuò)的，應(yīng)該改為his master's
3.最高級
最高級用于三者以上比較，形容詞的結(jié)構(gòu)形式是“定冠詞＋形容詞最高級＋名詞＋表示范圍的短語或從句”
(如all, of all, of the tree, in the world, that has ever taken place等)
習(xí)題11：The more fearsome of all the animals in the Western Hemisphere is the grizzly bear.
劃線的地方錯(cuò)誤，應(yīng)該改為most
習(xí)題12：Of all economic problems,inflation continues to be a most significant in its daily impact on people and business.
劃線處錯(cuò)誤，應(yīng)該改為the
significant是多音節(jié)形容詞，在此處應(yīng)用最高級形式(在前面加 the most)，注意句中的“of all… ”。
習(xí)題13： ,the most familiar to general public is the criminal jurisdiction.
A.All the activities B.The activities C.Of all the activities D.It is the activities
解釋下下：
這個(gè)句子空白處缺狀語
但是A和B都是名詞短語，所以不符合條件；
D是句子，而且和空白后面的句子沒有任何聯(lián)系，所以也不能選。
那么，就只有C正確，而且它和后面的最高級the most familiar前后呼應(yīng)。
副詞的最高級與形容詞最高級的區(qū)別在于最高級可以不用定冠詞the
《初中英語語法課堂（lesson 3）》由出國留學(xué)網(wǎng)liuxue86.com編輯整理
副 詞
adverb
簡寫：adv.
經(jīng)過了前兩周介詞和冠詞滴復(fù)習(xí)
這周我們主要來學(xué)習(xí)副詞
副詞是一種用來修飾動(dòng)詞,形容詞,全句的詞,說明時(shí)間,地點(diǎn),程度,方式等概念的詞。
副詞的分類：
地點(diǎn)副詞.
方式副詞.
程度副詞.
疑問副詞
連接副詞
副詞連用順序：程度副詞+方式副詞+地點(diǎn)副詞+時(shí)間副詞
1) 時(shí)間和頻度副詞:
now,then,often,always,usually,today,early, lately,
next,last,already,generally,frequently, seldom,ever,never,yet,
soon,too, immediately, hardly,finally,shortly,
before, ago,sometimes, yesterday.
2) 地點(diǎn)副詞:
here, there, everywhere, anywhere,
in, out, inside, outside, above, below, down,
back, forward, home, upstairs, downstairs,
across, along, round , around, near,
off, past, up, away, on.
3) 方式副詞:
carefully, properly, anxiously, suddenly, normally,
fast, well, calmly, politely, proudly, softly, warmly
4) 程度副詞:
much,little, very,rather,so,too,still, quite,
perfectly, enough, extremely, entirely,almost, slightly.
5) 疑問副詞:
how, when, where, why.
6) 關(guān)系副詞:
when, where, why.
7) 連接副詞:
therefore,moreover,however,otherwise,then.
副詞的用法
副詞在句中可作狀語,表語,補(bǔ)語
1.作狀語
He works hard. 他工作努力。
You speak English quite well. 你英語講的相當(dāng)好。
Food here is hardly to get. 這兒很難弄到食物。
2.作表語
Is she in ? 她在家嗎?
Let's be out. 讓我們出去吧。
3.作補(bǔ)語
Let him out!讓他出去！
副 詞 的 位 置:
1.多數(shù)副詞都可以放在動(dòng)詞的后面,如果動(dòng)詞帶有賓語,副詞就放在賓語后面
I get up early in the morning everyday. 我每天早早起床。
He gave me a gift yesterday. 他昨天給了我一件禮物。
She didn't drink water enough. 她沒喝夠水。
The train goes fast. 火車跑得快。
We can go to this school freely. 我們可以免費(fèi)到這家學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)。
They left a life hardly then. 當(dāng)時(shí)他們的生活很艱難。
He has a new cat on today. 他今天戴了一頂新帽子。
I have seen this film twice with my friends. 這部電影我和朋友看過兩次。
2.副詞修飾形容詞,副詞時(shí),副詞在前面,而被修飾的詞在后面
It's rather easy, I can do it. 這很容易,我能做到。
He did it quite well. 他做得相當(dāng)好。
It's rather difficult to tell who is right. 很難說誰是對的。
It's so important that I must tell my friends. 這件事太重要了，我得告訴我的朋友。
It's much better. 好多了。
3.頻度副詞可放在實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的前面,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞的后面
I often help him these days. 這些日子我經(jīng)常幫助他。
I always remember the day when I first came to this school. 我常常記得我第一次來學(xué)校的那一天。
You mustn't always help me. 你不能老是幫助我。
He seldom comes to see us. 他很少來看我們。
We usually go shopping once a week. 我們通常一周買一次東西。
The new students don't always go to dance. 新學(xué)生并不時(shí)常去跳舞。
4. 疑問副詞,連接副詞,關(guān)系副詞以及修飾整個(gè)句子的副詞,通常放在句子或從句的前面
When do you study everyday? 你每天什么時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)?
Can you tell me how you did it? 你能告訴我你如何做的嗎?
First, let me ask you some questions. 先讓我來問幾個(gè)問題。
How much does this bike cost? 這輛車子多少錢？
Either you go or he comes. 不是你去就是他來。
The students were reading when the teacher came into the classroom. 當(dāng)老師進(jìn)教室時(shí)，學(xué)生們正在讀書。
5. 時(shí)間副詞和地點(diǎn)副詞在一個(gè)句中, 地點(diǎn)副詞在前面時(shí)間副詞在后面
We went shopping in the supermarket at 9 o'clock yesterday. 昨天九點(diǎn)鐘我們到超市買東西了.
What were you doing in the classroom yesterday evening? 昨天下午你在教室里干什么？
The accident took place one hour ago in the Eleven Avenue. 一小時(shí)前十一號大街發(fā)生了一場事故。
副 詞 的 比 較 等 級:
副詞和形容詞一樣,也有它的比較級和最高級形式.
可以參考形容詞的變換形式
以詞尾 -ly 結(jié)尾的副詞（除 early ）須用 more 和 most 。
hard harder hardest
fast faster fastest
early earlier earliest
much more most
warmly more warmly most warmly
單音節(jié)副詞的比較級是在副詞后面加上 -er 構(gòu)成的，最高級是在副詞后面加上 -est 構(gòu)成的
near nearer nearest
hard harder hardest
多音節(jié)副詞的比較級是在副詞的前面加上 -more 構(gòu)成的。 最高級是在副詞前面加上 -most 構(gòu)成的
warmlymore warmlymost warmly
successfullymore successfullymost successfully
有些副詞的比較級和最高級形式是不規(guī)則的
well-better - best little - less - least
Much- more - most badly - worse - worst
far-farther(further)-farthest(furthest)
副詞的比較級和最高級用法同形容詞的比較級用法基本一樣
最高級形式句中 the 可以省略。
He works harder than I. 他比我工作努力。
Lucy gets up earlier than Lili. 露西比麗麗起床早。
He runs fastest in our class. 他在我們班跑地最快。
He dives deeper than his teammates. 他比他的隊(duì)員潛水深。
It's true that he speak English more fluently than any of us. 他英語講的確實(shí)比我們?nèi)魏稳硕己谩?BR> Our school team play football best in our region. 我們校隊(duì)在我們地區(qū)足球踢得最好的。
副詞比較級和最高級的變化形式
這個(gè)其實(shí)與形容詞基本上一樣
舉幾個(gè)例子：
一般 副詞
hard→harder →hardest
fast→faster →fastest
late→later →latest
early→earlier →earliest
特殊 副詞
well →better →best
much →more →most
badly →worse →worst
little →less(er) →least
注意：開放類副詞即以后綴-ly結(jié)尾的副詞不能像形容詞那樣加-er或-est，
比如說：
quickly →more quickly →most quickly quietly →more quietly →most quietly
early中的-ly不是后綴
故可以把y變i再加-er和-est
比較級和最高級的基本用法
下面我們結(jié)合練習(xí)來看看如何用
1.原級比較的基本用法
原級比較由“as＋形容詞或副詞(或再加名詞或短語)＋as ”構(gòu)成“原級相同”比較句，表示兩者比較；
其否定式，即“程度不及”比較句型為“not so(as) ＋形容詞或副詞＋as”
而且as…as結(jié)構(gòu)前可用just, almost, nearly, quite等表示程度的詞修飾
習(xí)題1：Walking briskly for thirty minutes will burn as many calories as .
A.to run for fifteen minutes B.running for fifteen minutes C.you run for fifteen minutes D.fifteen minute walking
選B
習(xí)題2-1：找出下面劃線處那個(gè)是錯(cuò)的:
The gorilla，while not quite as curious than the chimpanzee，shows more persistence and memory retention in solving a problem.
很顯然，than是錯(cuò)的，應(yīng)該改為 as ，和前面的as和形容詞原形curious 一起構(gòu)成同程度比較
習(xí)題2-2：Alaska is twice as larger as the next largest state，Texas.
這里as larger 是錯(cuò)的，應(yīng)該改為as large
“as (so)＋名詞＋as＋名詞”進(jìn)行名詞比較
這時(shí)一般情況下有一個(gè)表示原級的比較詞
但如果第一名詞前出現(xiàn)了形容詞修飾該詞或出現(xiàn)副詞修飾謂語，應(yīng)當(dāng)用so而不用as
習(xí)題3：Thomas Jefferson’s achievements as an architect rival his contributions a politician.
A.such B.more C.as D.than
選C
這個(gè)偶解釋下：
動(dòng)詞rival(勝過、匹敵)前后是兩個(gè)相比較的成分achievements(成果)和 contributions(貢獻(xiàn))，
由于前面的名詞后出現(xiàn)了短語 as an architect，所以空白處也應(yīng)該用as
這樣使前后對比成分一致。
習(xí)題4： I should say Henry is not much a writer as a reporter.
A.that B.so C.this D.as
選B
2.比較級
比較級由“形容詞(副詞)比較級＋than＋…，”構(gòu)成表示在兩者中間一方比另一方“更加…”
連詞than后可接句子，
也可接名詞、代詞、名詞短語、介詞短語、動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、?ing結(jié)構(gòu)和ed結(jié)構(gòu)，有時(shí)也可省去than。
習(xí)題5: Natural mica(云母) of a superior quality is cheapest to obtain than synthetic mica.
cheapest錯(cuò)誤，應(yīng)改為比較級cheaper
比較級后并不一定跟接連詞than，
有時(shí)在其間有名詞或名詞短語(被形容詞所修飾)，介詞短語，不定式或其他成分隔開。
習(xí)題6：She is older than
A.any other girl in the group B.any girl in the group C.all girls in the group D.you and me as well as the group
選A
這個(gè)偶也解釋下：
“She”作為單個(gè)不能跟全組比(C和D不對)，
也不能跟全組所有相比，
因?yàn)?ldquo;她”也是其中一員，所以“她”不能跟自己相比
這里“She”比較的是“這組中的任何一個(gè)”，所以說A是對滴。
習(xí)題7： Josephine McCrackin joined the “Santa Cruz Sentinel” in 1905 and， until her death fifteen years late ， remained active in journalistic work.
這里比較明顯了
late是錯(cuò)的，應(yīng)該是比較級later，因?yàn)檫@里實(shí)際上是和1905年相比晚了15年，所以要使用比較級
注意than前后兩項(xiàng)相比較的人或事物要一致
習(xí)題8：The purpose of the research had a more important meaning for them than .
A.ours B.with us C.for ours it had D.it did for us
習(xí)題9：Sound travels air .
A.faster through water than through B.faster than through water and
C.through water faster and D.where it is faster through water than through
習(xí)題9：Gerbrand von den Feckhout, one of Rembrand's pupils, followed the style of his teacher so implicitly that his paintings are sometimes confused with his master .
劃線的地方是錯(cuò)的，應(yīng)該改為his master's
3.最高級
最高級用于三者以上比較，形容詞的結(jié)構(gòu)形式是“定冠詞＋形容詞最高級＋名詞＋表示范圍的短語或從句”
(如all, of all, of the tree, in the world, that has ever taken place等)
習(xí)題11：The more fearsome of all the animals in the Western Hemisphere is the grizzly bear.
劃線的地方錯(cuò)誤，應(yīng)該改為most
習(xí)題12：Of all economic problems,inflation continues to be a most significant in its daily impact on people and business.
劃線處錯(cuò)誤，應(yīng)該改為the
significant是多音節(jié)形容詞，在此處應(yīng)用最高級形式(在前面加 the most)，注意句中的“of all… ”。
習(xí)題13： ,the most familiar to general public is the criminal jurisdiction.
A.All the activities B.The activities C.Of all the activities D.It is the activities
解釋下下：
這個(gè)句子空白處缺狀語
但是A和B都是名詞短語，所以不符合條件；
D是句子，而且和空白后面的句子沒有任何聯(lián)系，所以也不能選。
那么，就只有C正確，而且它和后面的最高級the most familiar前后呼應(yīng)。
副詞的最高級與形容詞最高級的區(qū)別在于最高級可以不用定冠詞the
《初中英語語法課堂（lesson 3）》由出國留學(xué)網(wǎng)liuxue86.com編輯整理