《淺談延續(xù)性動詞和終止性動詞》由留學(xué)英語組編輯整理(www.liuxue86.com)。本內(nèi)容整理時間為05月12日,如有任何問題請聯(lián)系我們。
一、延續(xù)性動詞和終止性動詞的概念
英語中,動詞按其動作發(fā)生的方式、動作發(fā)生過程的長短,可分為延續(xù)性動詞和終止性動詞。
延續(xù)性動詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動作,這種動作可以延續(xù)下去或產(chǎn)生持久影響。如:learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
終止性動詞也稱非延續(xù)性動詞、瞬間動詞或短暫性動詞,表示不能延續(xù)的動作,這種動作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。
二、延續(xù)性動詞的用法特征
1.延續(xù)性動詞可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時,其完成時態(tài)可與表示"段時間"的狀語連用。表示"段時間"的短語有:for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。如:I have learned English since I came here.自從我來到這兒就學(xué)英語了。
2.延續(xù)性動詞不能與表示短暫時間的"點時間"狀語連用。如:It raind at eight yesterday morning.(誤) rain為延續(xù)性動詞,而at eight表示"點時間",前后顯然矛盾。如果用延續(xù)性動詞表示一瞬間的動作,可以借助come, begin, get等終止性動詞來表示。上句可改為:It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如:
-When did you get to know Jack?
-Two years ago.
-Then you've known each other for more than two years.
-That's right.
三、終止性動詞的用法特征
1.終止性動詞可用來表示某一動作完成,因此可用于現(xiàn)在完成時。如:
The train has arrived.火車到了。
Have you joined the computer group?你加入電腦小組了嗎?
2.終止性動詞表示的動作極其短暫,不能持續(xù)。因此,不可與表示一段時間的狀語連用(只限肯定式)。如:
(1)他死了三年了。
誤:He has died for three years.
正:He has been dead for three years.
正:He died three years ago.
正:It is three years since he died.
正:Three years has passed since he died.
(2)他來這兒五天了。
誤:He has come here for five days.
正:He has been here for five days.
正:He came here five days ago.
正:It is five days since he came here.
正:Five days has passed since he came here.
(1)、(2)句中的die、come為終止性動詞,不能與表示"段時間"的狀語連用。那么,應(yīng)如何正確表達(dá)呢?可以采用下面的四種方法:
(1)將句中終止性動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞,如上面兩例中的第一種正確表達(dá)方式。下面列舉幾例:leave→be away, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→be on, die→be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of, open sth.→keep sth. open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold。
(2)將句中表示"段時間"的狀語改為表示過去確定時間的狀語,如下面兩例中的第二種正確表達(dá)方式。
(3)用句型"It is+段時間+since..."表達(dá)原意,如上面兩例中的第三種正確表達(dá)方式。
(4)用句型"時間+has passed+since..."表達(dá)原意,如上面兩例中的第四種正確表達(dá)方式。
3.終止性動詞可用于現(xiàn)在完成時否定式中,成為可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài),因而可與表示一段時間的狀語連用。如:
He hasn't left here since 1986.
I haven't heard from my father for two weeks.
4.終止性動詞的否定式與until/till連用,構(gòu)成"not+終止性動詞+until/till ..."的句型,意為"直到……才……"。如:
You can't leave here until I arrive.直到我到了,你才能離開這里。
I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我畫完畫,我才上床睡覺。
5.終止性動詞可以用于when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中,但不可以用于while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中。when表示的時間是"點時間"(從句謂語動詞用終止性動詞),也可以是"段時間"(從句謂語動詞用延續(xù)性動詞)。而while表示的是一個較長的時間或過程,從句謂語動詞用延續(xù)性動詞。如:
When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock. (reach為終止性動詞)
Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away為延續(xù)性動詞短語)
6.終止性動詞完成時不可與how long連用(只限于肯定式)。如:
誤:How long have you come here?
正:How long have you been here?
正:When did you come here?
《淺談延續(xù)性動詞和終止性動詞》由留學(xué)英語組編輯整理(www.liuxue86.com)
一、延續(xù)性動詞和終止性動詞的概念
英語中,動詞按其動作發(fā)生的方式、動作發(fā)生過程的長短,可分為延續(xù)性動詞和終止性動詞。
延續(xù)性動詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動作,這種動作可以延續(xù)下去或產(chǎn)生持久影響。如:learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
終止性動詞也稱非延續(xù)性動詞、瞬間動詞或短暫性動詞,表示不能延續(xù)的動作,這種動作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。
二、延續(xù)性動詞的用法特征
1.延續(xù)性動詞可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時,其完成時態(tài)可與表示"段時間"的狀語連用。表示"段時間"的短語有:for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。如:I have learned English since I came here.自從我來到這兒就學(xué)英語了。
2.延續(xù)性動詞不能與表示短暫時間的"點時間"狀語連用。如:It raind at eight yesterday morning.(誤) rain為延續(xù)性動詞,而at eight表示"點時間",前后顯然矛盾。如果用延續(xù)性動詞表示一瞬間的動作,可以借助come, begin, get等終止性動詞來表示。上句可改為:It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如:
-When did you get to know Jack?
-Two years ago.
-Then you've known each other for more than two years.
-That's right.
三、終止性動詞的用法特征
1.終止性動詞可用來表示某一動作完成,因此可用于現(xiàn)在完成時。如:
The train has arrived.火車到了。
Have you joined the computer group?你加入電腦小組了嗎?
2.終止性動詞表示的動作極其短暫,不能持續(xù)。因此,不可與表示一段時間的狀語連用(只限肯定式)。如:
(1)他死了三年了。
誤:He has died for three years.
正:He has been dead for three years.
正:He died three years ago.
正:It is three years since he died.
正:Three years has passed since he died.
(2)他來這兒五天了。
誤:He has come here for five days.
正:He has been here for five days.
正:He came here five days ago.
正:It is five days since he came here.
正:Five days has passed since he came here.
(1)、(2)句中的die、come為終止性動詞,不能與表示"段時間"的狀語連用。那么,應(yīng)如何正確表達(dá)呢?可以采用下面的四種方法:
(1)將句中終止性動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞,如上面兩例中的第一種正確表達(dá)方式。下面列舉幾例:leave→be away, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→be on, die→be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of, open sth.→keep sth. open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold。
(2)將句中表示"段時間"的狀語改為表示過去確定時間的狀語,如下面兩例中的第二種正確表達(dá)方式。
(3)用句型"It is+段時間+since..."表達(dá)原意,如上面兩例中的第三種正確表達(dá)方式。
(4)用句型"時間+has passed+since..."表達(dá)原意,如上面兩例中的第四種正確表達(dá)方式。
3.終止性動詞可用于現(xiàn)在完成時否定式中,成為可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài),因而可與表示一段時間的狀語連用。如:
He hasn't left here since 1986.
I haven't heard from my father for two weeks.
4.終止性動詞的否定式與until/till連用,構(gòu)成"not+終止性動詞+until/till ..."的句型,意為"直到……才……"。如:
You can't leave here until I arrive.直到我到了,你才能離開這里。
I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我畫完畫,我才上床睡覺。
5.終止性動詞可以用于when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中,但不可以用于while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中。when表示的時間是"點時間"(從句謂語動詞用終止性動詞),也可以是"段時間"(從句謂語動詞用延續(xù)性動詞)。而while表示的是一個較長的時間或過程,從句謂語動詞用延續(xù)性動詞。如:
When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock. (reach為終止性動詞)
Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away為延續(xù)性動詞短語)
6.終止性動詞完成時不可與how long連用(只限于肯定式)。如:
誤:How long have you come here?
正:How long have you been here?
正:When did you come here?
《淺談延續(xù)性動詞和終止性動詞》由留學(xué)英語組編輯整理(www.liuxue86.com)

