正誤辨析 ?
［誤］ The stories in that book was written many years ago? ?
［正］ The stories in that book were written many years ago. ?
［析］作主語的名詞、代詞或不定式、動名詞，它們往往要帶有修飾詞，這些詞可能是形容詞，也可能是短語，但謂語動詞還是要取決于這個主語的數(shù)，要記住的是一個名詞不可能在同一句中作兩個不同的語法成份，如： book 作了 of 的介詞賓語則不可能再作主語了。?
［誤］ To read many books are good for you? ?
［正］ To read many books is good for you? ?
［析］ 不定式作主語應該看作單數(shù)主語。 ?
［誤］ What he said are right? ?
［正］ What he said is right? ?
［析］ 從句作主語一定要按單數(shù)主語看待。 ?
［正］ The rich is not always happy? ?
［誤］ The rich are not always happy? ?
［析］ 形容詞＋定冠詞表示一類人，謂語動詞應用復數(shù)，如： The young are very interested in study and sports??
［誤］ The school master and writer are coming? ?
［正］ The school master and writer is coming? ?
［析］ 本句應譯為：校長兼作家就要來了。而 The school master and the writer are coming? 則要譯為：校長和一個作家要來了。在英語表達法中確實有 The girl and boy are playing on the grass? 這應譯為：一個女孩，一個男孩在操場上玩。因為不可能這樣兩個概念作用在一個人身上。又如： the husband and wife? 夫妻二人。?
［誤］ You or she go to get some water for us? ?
［正］ You or she goes to get some water for us? ?
［析］ 由 or 連接的兩個主語應以離謂語動詞近的那一個計算其數(shù)。這樣的用法還有 either … or，neither … nor， not only … but also 也有人稱作"就近原則"。?
［誤］ The teacher with a lot of students come into the classroom??
［正］ The teacher with a lot of students comes into the classroom??
［析］ 真正的主語是 the teacher， 而 with 短語是伴隨狀態(tài)，不影響主語的數(shù)。?
［誤］ My glasses is broken? ?
［正］ My glasses are broken? ?
［誤］ This pair of glasses are good? ?
［正］ This pair of glasses is good? ?
［誤］ These kinds of butter is good.?
［正］ These kinds of butter are good??
［析］ 英語中有些名詞只有復數(shù)形式，如： glasses 眼鏡， shorts 短褲等。如沒有量詞在前時，要用復數(shù)謂語動詞，但有了量詞之后則要按量詞的單復數(shù)計算。?
［誤］ One of the boys are going to take part in the match? ?
［正］ One of the boys is going to take part in the match? ?
［析］ One of 結構應以 one 來計算主語的數(shù)。 ?
［誤］ Half of the work are done? ?
［正］ Half of the work is done? ?
［誤］ Half of the books is read? ?
［正］ Half of the books are read? ?
［析］ 在小于1的數(shù)量詞作主語時，如： ２ ３ ，８０％，０．３５… ＋ of ＋名詞，這時主語的數(shù)應按 of 后面的名詞計算。如果名詞是不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，則謂語動詞要用單數(shù)，如名詞是復數(shù)則要用復數(shù)謂語動詞。?
［誤］ Each sides are full of trees? ?
［正］ Each side is full of trees? ?
［誤］ Both side is full of trees? ?
［正］ Both sides are full of trees? ?
［析］ each， either 其后都要加單數(shù)名詞，而 both 后要加復數(shù)名詞。 如： each， either， another， little， a little， much等作主語時，謂語動詞全部要用單數(shù)形式。?
［誤］ The boys each has an apple? ?
［正］ The boys each have an apple? ?
［析］ each 作同位語時，不影響句子的主語。?
［誤］ Everyone of us has a ticket for the concert? ?
［正］ Every one of us has a ticket for the concert? ?
［析］ everyone， someone， everybody … 在作主語時都不能加 of 結構。
［誤］ Girls like dancing very much， but few likes playing football? ?
［正］ Girls like dancing very much， but few like playing football??
［析］ few 雖然含意上是"幾乎沒有"，但作主語時仍要當作復數(shù)。?
［誤］ The number of the workers in that factory are two hundred??
［正］ The number of the workers in that factory is two hundred??
［析］ the number of 意為：某某的數(shù)字是…… 如： the number of students 學生人數(shù)， the number of players 運動員人數(shù)。不論數(shù)字如何都應看作單數(shù)。而 a number of 與 many 意思相同，其后加可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。如： A number of students are playing on the grass??
［誤］ The rest of the students is here? ?
［正］ The rest of the students are here? ?
［誤］ The rest of the work are done? ?
［正］ The rest of the work is done? ?
［析］ the rest of 的用法與２／３，一半，８０％＋ of 的結構一致， of 后面為可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)時用復數(shù)謂語動詞，為不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時用單數(shù)謂語動詞。這樣用法還有 lots of， a lot of， plenty of。?
［誤］ The news in today's newspaper are not bad? ?
［正］ The news in today's newspaper is not bad? ?
［析］ 有些以 s 結尾的名詞要用作不可數(shù)名詞，它們是：news， physics， mathematics， thanks， …?
［誤］ The Chinese is kind and friendly? ?
［正］ The Chinese are kind and friendly? ?
［析］ Chinese 作為中文來講是單數(shù)名詞，但作為中國人講是單復同形的名詞。如： one Chinese， two Chinese … 而 The Chinese ＝ The people of China 要用復數(shù)謂語動詞。
［誤］ This dictionary is too expensive for me? Ten dollars are a big sum for me
［正］ This dictionary is too expensive for me? Ten dollars is a big sum for me
［析］ 表示一段時間，一筆金錢，一段距離，都應看作單數(shù)名詞。?
［誤］ Who are going to take part in our football match? ?
［正］ Who is going to take part in our football match? ?
［析］ 用 who 提問時，習慣上用單數(shù)謂語動詞，但 which 則要視其情況而定，如： which are better these shoeses or those shoes? 又如： which is better this one or that one?
［誤］ What a hot weather it is! ?
［誤］ How hot the weather it is! ?
［正］ What hot weather it is! ?
［正］ How hot the weather is! ?
［析］ 感嘆句是用來表達說話人的喜怒哀樂的感情。它由 what 與 how 作句子的開始，判定是用 what 還是用 how 的最好辦法是將它們換為陳述句，比如： What the hot weather it is! 應轉換為： It is the hot weather? 那么句子的起點是單詞 it。 再來看感嘆句中 it 前有不可數(shù)名詞 weather， 則只能用 what。再看第二句 How hot the weather is! 轉為陳述句時為： The weather is hot?這時句子的開始單詞為 the weather， 再來看感嘆句在 the weather 前只有形容詞，所以應用 how。至于是用 what a 還是 what 要看名詞的具體情況而定，單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞加 what a 其余的加用 what。?
［誤］ We have to sing this， have we? ?
［誤］ We have to sing this， haven't we? ?
［正］ We have to sing this, don't we??
［析］ 在反意疑問句中除了標準的一些常規(guī)外，有一些例外：
?Let's go home， shall we?
Let us go home， will you??
She had to leave， didn't she??
Do your homework at once， will you??
There is not much good news in today's newspaper， is there??
Neither of them are right， are they??
I think he will come to the party won't he??
think 后的賓語從句，與其他賓語從句不一樣，在初中只有這樣一個較特殊的詞。這樣的句子的反意疑問句的主語要用賓語從句中的主語，其助動詞要用賓語從句的助動詞，而肯定還是否定要看主句謂語動詞而定，如： I don't think he is coming to our party， is he??
［誤］ I want to know where does he live? ?
［正］ I want to know where he lives? ?
［析］ 賓語從句中一律要用陳述語序，而不用疑問語序。?
［誤］ - I haven't got a ticket for the football match??
- Nor I have? ?
［正］ - I haven't got a ticket for the football match??
- Nor (Neither) have I? ?
［析］ nor， neither 用在簡答否定句中時要采用倒裝語序。在肯定句的簡答句中則要用so， 如： I do my homework very quickly， So does Mary??
［誤］ Look! Here the bus comes! ?
［正］ Look! Here comes the bus! ?
［誤］ Look! Here comes he! ?
［正］ Look! Here he comes? ?
［析］ 在 there， here 打頭的句子中，如果主語是名詞，則要采用倒裝語序；如果是人稱代詞則用一般語序。?
［誤］ Do you want Mary to go to the cinema with us??
No， I don't hope so? ?
［正］ Do you want Mary to go to the cinema with us??
No， I hope not? ?
［析］ 我不這樣想，可用 I don't think so? 但 hope 的否定簡答句只能用 I hope not?這是習慣用法。但這兩個詞的肯定簡答句形是一樣的，如： I think so. I hope so??
［誤］ That is difficult for us to learn English well? ?
［正］ It is difficult for us to learn English well? ?
［析］ It 這里的語法作用是形式主語，而真正的主語是后面的不定式。形式主語和形式賓語都要用 it 而不能用 that， 如： I think it difficult to learn English well? it 在這句中是 think 的形式賓語。??
（三）例題解析 ?
1? There ＿＿＿ a pencil?box on the desk．?
A .is B.are C. has D. have
［答案］ A.?
［析］ There be 句形中的 be 動詞要看其后面離它最近的名詞而定，如： There are two books and a pencil on the desk? 但卻可以講 There is a pencil and two books on the desk??
2? Could you tell me ＿＿＿ ??
A?Mrs King where lives B?where does Mrs King live ?
C?where Mrs King lives D?Mrs King lives where
［答案］ C.?
［析］ 賓語從句中的疑問句要用陳述語序。?
3? Your brother came to see you， ＿＿＿ ??
A?does he B?doesn't he C?did he D?didn't he ?
［答案］ D.?
［析］ 前句是肯定句，后面反意疑問句要用否定句，同時 came 為過去時態(tài)，所以應用 didn't he??
4? It's getting cloudy， ＿＿＿ ??
A?does' it B?doesn't it C?is it D?isn't it
［答案］ D.?
［析］ 要區(qū)分's 是 has 還是 is， 這里由 getting 得出's 是is。?
5? ＿＿＿ keep me waiting so long．?
A?Not B?Won't C?Don't D?Not to
［答案］ C.?
［析］ Don't ＋ 動詞原形為祈始句的否定句。?
6? Mr Green hasn't been to Beijing, ＿＿＿ ??
A?has he B?hasn't he C?did he D?didn't he
［答案］ A.?
［析］ 此句 has 是助動詞與過去分詞構成現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。?
7? You have your lunch at school, ＿＿＿ ??
A?have you B?haven't you C?do you D?don't you ?
［答案］ D.?
［析］ 這里的 have 是實意動詞"吃"，而不是助動詞。?
8? ＿＿＿ sunny day! Let's go out for a walk．?
A?How a B?How C?What a D?What
［答案］ C.?
［析］ 這個感嘆句是個省略句，其真實的句子應為 What a sunny day it is!?
9? - Can you tell me ＿＿＿ ?? - Sure? She's a nurse??
A?where is your sister B?where your sister is ?
C?what is your sister D?what your sister is
［答案］ D.?
［析］ who 問的是姓名，如： Who is he? He is Smith? 或 He is my father? What 問的是職業(yè)，如： What is he? He is a teacher??
10? John likes listening to the radio， ＿＿＿ ??
A?does he B?doesn't he C?doesn't John D?does Johe
［答案］ B.?
［析］ 當名詞作主語時，反意疑問句應用代詞。?
11? Neither you nor I ＿＿＿ on the team．?
A?are B?were C?am D?is
［答案］ C.?
［析］ 由 neither … nor … 作連接詞作主語時，其謂語動詞要與相臨近的那個主語相呼應。?
12? ＿＿＿ delicious food! I'd like some more．?
A?what a B?How a C?What D?How
［答案］ C.?
［析］ 因 food 為不可數(shù)名詞。?
13? ＿＿＿ there a cat under the chair??
A?Are B?Is C?Has D?Have
［答案］ B.?
［析］ 這是 there be 句型的疑問句。?
14? Could you tell me ＿＿＿ ??
A?when the train will arrive B?when the train arrived ?
C?when did the train arrive D?when does the train arrives
［答案］ A.?
［析］ could 用于現(xiàn)在時疑問句表達了口氣的委婉，并不是過去時態(tài)。且賓語從句要用陳述語句。?
15? - ＿＿＿ bad weather!?
- Yes， But it's going to be fine soon， I think??
A?How B?What a C?What an D?What
［答案］ D.?
［析］ weather 為不可數(shù)名詞。?
16? - Could you tell me ＿＿＿ ??
- Yes， They ＿＿＿ to the library??
A?where are the twins， have been
B?where were the twins， have been ?
C?where the twins are， have gone
D?where the twins were， have gone
［答案］ C.?
［析］ have been to 是去過什么地方，而現(xiàn)在回來了。 have gone to 是到某地去了，人現(xiàn)在不在這里。?
17? Go and ＿＿＿ the TV quickly? The volleyball match will begin right away．?
A?turn off B?turn down C?turn up D?turn on ?
［答案］ D.?
［析］ 這是個祈使句，它由 and 連接兩個動詞。注意詞組搭配的不同含義。
18? Let's go for some tea， ＿＿＿ ??
A?shall we B?will we C?do we D?don't we
［答案］ A.?
［析］ Let's go …， shall we? Let us go …， will you?這是兩個特殊的反意疑問句。
19? Joan's short， ＿＿＿ ??
A?wasn't she B?hasn't she C?isn't she D?doesn't she
［答案］ C.?
［析］ 在此句中應視's為is，而不是 has 或 was。?
20? I don't know ＿＿＿ to read the word．?
A?which B?what C?whose D?how
［答案］ D.?
［析］ 因不定式 to read 中的 read 是及物動詞，已有自己的賓語 the word， 所以應用疑問副詞 how。?
21? He didn't go to school， ＿＿＿ he was ill．?
A?for B?but C?and D?so
［答案］ A.?
［析］ 這里是表示因果的關系，從句表示原因，所以用 for，放于句尾，且常常前面有一個逗號。so 引起的是結果狀語從句，如： He was only twelve， so he couldn't join the army??
22? The young woman can hardly ride a bike， ＿＿＿ she??
A?doesn't B?does C?can't D?can
［答案］ D.?
［析］ hardly 為否定詞，所以應視此句為否定句。其后的反意疑問句應用肯定句。?
23? Tom never goes to the cinema on Sundays， ＿＿＿ ??
A?does he B?doesn't he C?isn't he D?is he
［答案］ A.?
［析］ never 也是否定詞，所以應將句子看作否定句。?
24? Mother said to him， "Don't ＿＿＿ on football．"?
A?spend too much time B?to spend too much time ?
C?spend too many time D?to spend too many time
［答案］ A.?
［析］ time 作為"時間"講為不可數(shù)名詞，應用 much 來修飾。當作"次數(shù)"講是可數(shù)名詞，如 three times 三次，而 Don't … 這一句是祈使句的否定句。?
25? Mr White， together with some Japanese friends， ＿＿＿ visit our school this afternoon．?
A?are going to B?is going to C?have D?has
［答案］ B.?
［析］ 句子的主語是Mr? White， 而together with … 是伴隨狀況，不影響句子的主語。?
26? There is little water in the glass， ＿＿＿ ??
A?is it B?is there C?isn't it D?isn't there
［答案］ B.?
［析］ 這是 there be 句型的反意疑問句。?
27? Ampere was thinking about a maths problem， ＿＿＿ ??
A?didn't he B?wasn't he C?did he D?is he
［答案］ B.?
［析］ 這是進行時態(tài)的反意疑問句。?
28? She had a good time yesterday， ＿＿＿ she ??
A?wasn't B?didn't C?hasn't D?isn't
［答案］ B.?
［析］ had 這里是實意動詞而不是助動詞。?
29? We'll make ＿＿＿ for you in the front of the car．?
A?a room B?room C?rooms D?some rooms
［答案］ B.?
［析］ room 此處為不可數(shù)名詞，意為"地方，空間"。?
30? Neither she nor I ＿＿＿ to the Great wall before．?
A?has gone B?have gone C?have been D?has been
［答案］ C.?
［析］ 由neither … nor 連接兩個主語時，其謂語動詞應與相臨近的那個主語相呼應。?
31? Help me collect these books， ＿＿＿ ??
A?are you B?will you C?do you D?shall you
［答案］ B.?
［析］ 祈使句的反意疑問句應用 will you， 而Let's go 例外，其反意疑問句為 shall we?
32? The number of deer， mountain lions and wild roses
＿＿＿ change much if people leave things as they are．?
A?don't B?doesn't C?isn't D?didn't
［答案］ B.?
［析］ the number of 為"……的數(shù)量、數(shù)目"，所以謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。而 a number of 要加復數(shù)名詞，其謂語動詞也用復數(shù)。?
33? She's had breakfast， ＿＿＿ ??
A?is she B?isn't she C?hasn't she D?has she ?
［答案］ C.?
［析］ 這里的's應視為 has??
34? I wonder ＿＿＿ ．?
A?whose bicycle is it B?it is whose bicycle?
C?is it whose bicycle D?whose bicycle it is
［答案］ D.?
［析］ wonder 后的賓語從句應用陳述語序。?
35? It is good for us ＿＿＿ morning exercises．?
A?do B?to do C?did D?done
［答案］ B.?
［析］ 這里的 it 是形式主語，而真正的主語是不定式 to do …?
36? Peter has sports very often， ＿＿＿ ??
A?does， Peter B?doesn't he C?doesn't Peter D?does he ?
［答案］ B.?
［析］ has 這里是實意動詞，而主語為名詞時其反意疑問句中的主語要用代詞。
37? Mr? Black said， "Jenny， don't be late tomorrow?"?
Mr? Black told Jenny ＿＿＿ ．?
A?don't be late tomorrow B?didn't be late tomorrow ?
C?not be late next morning D?not to be late the next day
［答案］ D.?
［析］ tell 一般要加雙賓語，其間接賓語是 Jenny， 直接賓語是不定式。而這里用的是不定式的否定形式。?
38? Li Mei read the newspaper to the granny， ＿＿＿ ??
A?does she B?didn't she C?did she D?wasn't she
［答案］ B.?
［析］ read這里是過去時態(tài)，因其主語是第三人稱單數(shù)，而 read 并未加 s 所以是過去時態(tài)。(read 的過去時與過去分詞都是 read，只不過讀音不同)?