動(dòng)詞不定式在句子中可充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)(包括目的狀語(yǔ),結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)和原因狀語(yǔ)。)
1. 作主語(yǔ)
To dance with you makes me happy.
和你跳舞令我高興。
It is difficult to drive in the mountains. (=To drive in the mountains is difficult.)
在山里開(kāi)車很困難。
2. 作賓語(yǔ)
(1)后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞多是表示“意愿” “企圖”等的動(dòng)詞,如:hope, want, wish, desire, like, decide, try, promise, refuse.
I want to talk with her.
我想和她談?wù)劇?BR> She has decided to go.
她已決定要走。
(2)在feel, find, think, consider, make等動(dòng)詞后如果是不定式作賓語(yǔ),而補(bǔ)語(yǔ)是形容詞,則通常用it作形式賓語(yǔ),而把真正的賓語(yǔ)即不定式移至形容詞之后。如:
I find it impossible to forget her.
我發(fā)現(xiàn)忘掉她是不可能的。
He thought it necessary to take an umbrella.
他認(rèn)為帶把傘是必要的。
3. 作表語(yǔ)
Her wish is to be a teacher.
他的愿望是成為一名教師。
Your duty is to clean the classroom.
你的任務(wù)是打掃教室。
4. 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
He wants me to come earlier.
他想要我來(lái)得更早些。
The policeman ordered them to turn around.
警察命令他們轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身。
5. 作目的狀語(yǔ)
She opened the window to let some fresh air in.
她打開(kāi)窗子好讓新鮮空氣進(jìn)來(lái)。
I went there to see her yesterday.
昨天我去那兒看她了。
6. 作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)
He is too tired to go any further.
他太累了,不能再走了。
He is not old enough to join the army.
他年齡太小,不能參軍。
7. 作原因狀語(yǔ)
不定式跟在表示“喜、怒、哀、樂(lè)”的形容詞之后,可以表示引起這些情感的原因。
I’m sorry to trouble you.
真抱歉給你帶來(lái)麻煩。
I’m glad to see you.
見(jiàn)到你真高興。