高考英語語法:高中英語語法-談 more than 與 less than

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    談 more than 與 less than
    英語中, more than 和 less than 的使用頻率相當(dāng)高,用法也較為復(fù)雜。筆者在此將其分別歸類,以供同學(xué)們在學(xué)習(xí)中參考。
    一、 more than
    1. more than 可放在數(shù)詞之前,意為“超過;不止;以上”,用于此意義時(shí)可與 over 互換使用。例如:
    Altogether more than 70 percent of the surface of our planet is covered by water. 整體說來,我們這個(gè)星球表面有 70% 以上都為水所覆蓋。
    2. more than 可放在名詞之前,表示“不只是;不僅僅”。例如:
    Hibernation is more than sleep. 冬眠不僅僅是睡眠。
    Bamboo is used for more than building. 竹子不只是用于建筑。
    3. more than 用于形容詞或副詞前,作“非常;十分”解,與 very 同義。例如:
    She is more than careful in doing things. 她做事非常細(xì)心。
    In class, he listens more than attentively. 在課堂上,他聽講十分認(rèn)真。
    4. more than 之后接含有 can 的從句時(shí),常表示否定意義。此時(shí),從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞必須是及物動(dòng)詞,并且與句子的主語呈現(xiàn)邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。例如:
    This secret is more than we can let out. 這個(gè)秘密我們是不能泄露的。(主語 secret 是 let out 的邏輯賓語)
    比較: less than 后面接形容詞、副詞時(shí),意為“不;很少;不到”,具有否定意義。例如:
    a) We were busy and less than delighted to have company that day.
    那天我們很忙,不高興有客人來。
    b) The young man is less than twenty years old.
    這個(gè)年輕人不到 20 歲。
    二、 more … than
    1. more … than 意為“與其……不如……”:“是……而不是……”,常可與“ rather than ”或“ not so much … as ”互換使用。例如:
    He is more like a spear than anything else. = He is like a spear rather than anything else. = He is not so much like anything else as like a spear.
    與其說他(指大象)像別的什么東西,不如說他像一根長矛。
    He is more poltroon than cautious.
    與其說他謹(jǐn)慎,不如說他是怯懦。
    2. more … than 之后接含有 can 的從句時(shí),同樣表示否定意義。例如:
    Tom has more insolence than I can stand. = Tom's insolence is more than I can stand.
    湯姆的傲慢使我難以忍受。
    比較: less … than 意為“不像……;不是……”。例如:
    Joseph is less honest than his brother.
    約瑟夫不像他兄弟那樣誠實(shí)。
    三、 no more than 或 not any more than
    兩者的意思均為“只有;僅僅;不過( = only; just )”,前者多用于書面語,后者常用于口語。例如:
    Abraham Lincoln's whole school education added up to no more than one year.
    亞伯拉罕。林肯所受的全部學(xué)校教育總共不過一年的時(shí)間。
    比較: no less than 意為“不少于;不下于……之多;多達(dá)…”。例如:
    In that battle, we wiped out no less than twenty thousand enemies.
    在那一次戰(zhàn)役中,我們消滅的敵人不下 20 , 000 人。
    四、 no more … than 或 not … any more than
    1. 意為“和……一樣地不……”,表示兩者都否定,但說話人往往著重否定前面的一個(gè)分句,其作用相當(dāng)于“ neither … nor ”。例如:
    Marry is no more diligent than Tom. = Neither Mary nor Tom is diligent. 瑪麗和湯姆兩個(gè)人都不勤奮。
    2. 意為“不……正如……不……一樣”,常用來加重說話者的語氣。例如:
    We can no more leave the Party than fish can leave water.
    我們不能離開黨,正如魚兒離不開水一樣。
    比較: no less … than 意為“(至少)和……一樣”。例如:
    He is no less active than he used to be.
    他和以前一樣活躍。
    五、 not more than
    not more than 常用于數(shù)詞之前,意為“至多;頂多;不超過”,其意義與 at (the) most 相同。例如:
    There on some hay on the ground lay a peasant boy of not more than seventeen.
    地面的干草上躺著一個(gè)農(nóng)家孩子,最多不過 17 歲。
    比較: not less than 意為“不少于”,同 at (the) least .嚴(yán)格地說, no less than 和 not less than 不同,但二者如今均相當(dāng)于“ as many as ”。例如:
    Our school has not less than/ no less than three thousand students.
    我們學(xué)校擁有的學(xué)生不下 3 , 000 人。
    六、 not more … than
    not more … than 意為“不如……;不及于……”,語氣常著重否定后面的一個(gè)分句。??膳c“ not so/as … as ”互換使用。例如:
    This story is not more interesting than that one. = This story is not so/ as interesting as that one.
    這個(gè)故事不如那個(gè)故事有趣。
    比較:嚴(yán)格說來 not less … than 的意思是“至少不比……差”,意味或許還要強(qiáng)一些,但現(xiàn)在基本和 no less than 混用。例如:
    His English is not less than yours.
    他的英語至少不比你的英語差。
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