2011年英語:英語四六級考試??颊Z法精講:虛擬語氣1[1]

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2011年12月06日 04時04分,《2011年英語:英語四六級考試??颊Z法精講:虛擬語氣1[1]》由出國留學網(wǎng)liuxue86.com英語編輯整理.
    英語四級、英語六級??颊Z法:虛擬語氣
    1. 表示現(xiàn)在/過去/將來情況的虛擬條件句
    虛擬條件句主要有三種結(jié)構(gòu):
    1)表示與現(xiàn)在情況相反:主句謂語用“would / could / might +動詞原形”,從句謂語用“動詞的一般過去時”(動詞be的過去式一律用were)。
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    If I were you, I would not accept his offer.
    If I had time, I would certainly go to the cinema with you.
    2) 表示與過去情況相反:主句謂語用“would / could / might + have +過去分詞”,從句謂語用過去完成時。
    If I had got up a little earlier, I wouldn’t have missed the train.
    If I had been more careful, I might have passed that exam.
    3) 表示與將來情況相反:主句謂語用“would / could / might +動詞原形”,從句謂語用“were +動詞不定式”或“should +動詞原形”。
    If I were to do the job, I would not be able to have enough time to study.
    If it should rain tomorrow, I would not go out with you.
    2. 虛擬條件句連接詞if的省略
    如果虛擬條件句的從句中含有were, had, should, could等詞時,可以省略連接詞if,但這時必須把were, had, should, could等詞移到主語前面,形成倒裝。這種句型主要用于書面形式。
    Were I to do the job, I would finish doing it within two weeks.
    Had it not been for his help, we couldn’t have arrived there on time.
    Should it rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.
    3. wish后賓語從句中的謂語構(gòu)成
    動詞wish后的賓語從句表示未實現(xiàn)的或不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望,其賓語從句中的謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣,有以下三種構(gòu)成形式。
    1) 表示現(xiàn)在不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望,賓語從句中的謂語動詞用一般過去時。(be的過去式為were)。
    I wish I had enough money to buy a car.
    I wish I were as young and energetic as you.
    2) 表示過去未能實現(xiàn)的愿望,賓語從句中的謂語動詞用過去完成時(had +過去分詞)或“would / could + have +過去分詞 ”。
    I wish I hadn’t made such a mistake.
    I wish I could have done it better.
    3) 表示將來不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望,賓語從句中的謂語動詞用“would / should (could, might) +動詞原形”。
    I wish I would not get old.
    I wish I could travel around the world one day.
    4. 某些動詞后的賓語從句中謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣
    在一些動詞后面的賓語從句中,謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣。這時,謂語動詞用動詞原形或should +動詞原形。這類動詞一般表示命令,要求,決定,建議,主張等概念,主要有:advise, ask, command, decide, demand, desire, direct, insist, move, order, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest,等。
    The workers demanded that t