根據(jù)《2005年甘肅省普通高等學(xué)校招生考試外語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力測(cè)試實(shí)施方案》精神，從2005年開(kāi)始我省高考(高考新聞,高考說(shuō)吧)英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力考試下放由各市、州自行制定考試時(shí)間，自行組織命題、考試。甘肅省教育科學(xué)研究所為此編寫(xiě)了《2007年甘肅省普通高等學(xué)校招生英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力測(cè)試大綱》，并制定了命題原則、命題程序及方法。
“測(cè)試大綱”將是2007年我省普通高等學(xué)校招生英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力考試命題的依據(jù)。
一、考試性質(zhì)和目的
高考英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力測(cè)試是普通高等學(xué)校招生考試的一個(gè)組成部分，測(cè)試著眼于提高學(xué)生語(yǔ)言應(yīng)用能力，尤其是測(cè)試考生理解口頭英語(yǔ)的能力，促進(jìn)英語(yǔ)學(xué)科的教學(xué)改革。
二、考試內(nèi)容和要求
高考英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力測(cè)試要求考生能聽(tīng)懂日常生活中內(nèi)容熟悉、發(fā)音清晰、語(yǔ)速適當(dāng)?shù)暮?jiǎn)短對(duì)話和獨(dú)白。聽(tīng)力試題的設(shè)置嚴(yán)格按照“繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)言測(cè)試的交際原則，加大語(yǔ)言交際能力的考查力度”的要求，更加全面地考查學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的能力。
聽(tīng)力部分提供的語(yǔ)言材料是口語(yǔ)表達(dá)形式的對(duì)話或獨(dú)白，每段對(duì)話和獨(dú)白都涉及到某一特定話題，具有特定的交際情境。
高考英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力測(cè)試主要考查考生以下能力：
（1）聽(tīng)清、聽(tīng)懂對(duì)話或獨(dú)白內(nèi)容的能力。這就需要掌握基本的語(yǔ)音知識(shí)，特別注意口語(yǔ)中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的連讀、弱化、失去爆破、同化、語(yǔ)調(diào)、重音等。
（2）理解對(duì)話或獨(dú)白，分析、確認(rèn)事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)的能力。有時(shí)聽(tīng)力材料反映的相關(guān)內(nèi)容，試題中可能會(huì)以不同方式表達(dá)出來(lái)，但意義卻是一樣的。
（3）把握整體內(nèi)容，進(jìn)行概括總結(jié)，理解主旨大意的能力。
（4）根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容，或者說(shuō)話者的語(yǔ)氣、語(yǔ)調(diào)，進(jìn)行推理、判斷的能力。
（5）根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容或背景信息，推測(cè)相關(guān)具體內(nèi)容，如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、場(chǎng)合、身份、態(tài)度、關(guān)系等。
三、考試形式與試卷結(jié)構(gòu)
根據(jù)省上有關(guān)要求，2007年高考英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力測(cè)試仍然由各市、州自己?jiǎn)为?dú)命題，命題采用閉卷的方式，考試時(shí)間為30分鐘，試卷滿分為30分。試卷包括簡(jiǎn)短對(duì)話、對(duì)話、獨(dú)白等題型，共分兩節(jié)。第一節(jié)是五段短對(duì)話（一般為一問(wèn)一答形式），每段對(duì)話后設(shè)一個(gè)小題（共5小題，每小題1．5分），要求考生從每小題所給的三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，每段對(duì)話的錄音材料僅讀一遍。第二節(jié)是五段長(zhǎng)對(duì)話或獨(dú)白，每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后設(shè)幾個(gè)小題（共15小題，每小題1．5分），要求考生從每小題所給的三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白的錄音材料讀兩遍。對(duì)話部分由一男一女朗讀（一般為英音），談話雙方的聲音特點(diǎn)明顯不同，身份明確；考生實(shí)際的聽(tīng)力理解時(shí)間一般控制為20分鐘左右。無(wú)論是上述哪一種類(lèi)型的試題，都將放在真實(shí)的語(yǔ)境中進(jìn)行考查，而不會(huì)把脫離語(yǔ)境的語(yǔ)言材料作為考試內(nèi)容。
測(cè)試安排：聽(tīng)力測(cè)試正式開(kāi)考前10分鐘開(kāi)始分發(fā)試卷、答題卡和試音（兩者同時(shí)進(jìn)行），等播音中出現(xiàn)“試音到此結(jié)束”時(shí)立即停止播放，不要將磁帶倒回開(kāi)頭處，待等到聽(tīng)力考試正式考試信號(hào)時(shí)繼續(xù)播放。此時(shí)英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力測(cè)試正式開(kāi)始，考生根據(jù)測(cè)試內(nèi)容開(kāi)始按語(yǔ)音提示作答。
答題方式：考生根據(jù)所聽(tīng)到的對(duì)話或獨(dú)白從每題所給的題目中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置，最終必須涂在答題卡上。
試題難易度由低到高按7：2：1比例命題，即考查基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和基本技能的試題占70%，考查學(xué)生靈活運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言知識(shí)能力、難度稍高的試題占20%，有一定深度的較難試題占10%。
四、命題原則、命題特點(diǎn)及素材特點(diǎn)
1．命題原則
聽(tīng)力是與外國(guó)人直接交往中必不可少的一種語(yǔ)言能力。英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力試題是為了考查學(xué)生理解口頭英語(yǔ)的能力。聽(tīng)的能力反映在聽(tīng)的過(guò)程中，對(duì)說(shuō)話者所發(fā)出的信息進(jìn)行辨別、判斷和理解。新《全日制高級(jí)中學(xué)英語(yǔ)學(xué)科課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》中對(duì)聽(tīng)力的二級(jí)目標(biāo)要求應(yīng)是我省各市、州聽(tīng)力試題命題的重要參考依據(jù)。它要求考生能聽(tīng)懂英美人士的錄音材料，能聽(tīng)懂所學(xué)語(yǔ)言范圍內(nèi)用正常語(yǔ)速談?wù)撊粘Ｉ畹膬?nèi)容，能聽(tīng)懂沒(méi)有生詞、題材熟悉、難度略低于所學(xué)材料的語(yǔ)段，語(yǔ)速為每分鐘120個(gè)詞。聽(tīng)力二級(jí)目標(biāo)要求考生做到：聽(tīng)一遍能理解大意，聽(tīng)二至三遍能了解其中重要的細(xì)節(jié)，理解正確率要求達(dá)到70%。
《普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)學(xué)科考試說(shuō)明》指出，聽(tīng)力理解是領(lǐng)會(huì)語(yǔ)言語(yǔ)義的一項(xiàng)重要能力，聽(tīng)者要對(duì)聽(tīng)到的語(yǔ)音信號(hào)進(jìn)行復(fù)雜加工，整個(gè)過(guò)程是一個(gè)非常積極、非?；钴S的動(dòng)態(tài)過(guò)程，是背景知識(shí)、語(yǔ)境和語(yǔ)言知識(shí)相互撞擊、相互作用，對(duì)聽(tīng)力材料不斷吸收、最終形成理解的過(guò)程。
2007年的甘肅省高考英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力測(cè)試將進(jìn)一步在2006年的基礎(chǔ)上，繼續(xù)以檢測(cè)學(xué)生理解和獲取信息的能力為重點(diǎn)，更加注重考查學(xué)生的聽(tīng)力技能。
2．命題特點(diǎn)
1）強(qiáng)調(diào)話語(yǔ)的整體理解；
2）強(qiáng)調(diào)口語(yǔ)的真實(shí)性；
3）強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)社會(huì)語(yǔ)言策略的具體把握；
4）強(qiáng)調(diào)情感、情緒因素在口語(yǔ)表述中的重要作用；
5）強(qiáng)調(diào)聽(tīng)力技能的熟練運(yùn)用；
6）選材盡量貼近學(xué)生、貼近生活、貼近時(shí)代。
具體表現(xiàn)在：
1、大多數(shù)聽(tīng)力材料來(lái)源于英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的生活會(huì)話，具有明顯的口語(yǔ)特征，聽(tīng)起來(lái)自然、真實(shí)，符合在非測(cè)試狀態(tài)下英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)在日常生活中運(yùn)用的真實(shí)情景。
2、題材廣泛，內(nèi)容涉及日常生活、文化教育、風(fēng)土人情、傳說(shuō)故事、時(shí)事新聞、科普知識(shí)、人物傳記等許多方面，話題明確，主題突出，有利于全面有效地檢測(cè)考生在不同生活實(shí)際環(huán)境下對(duì)所學(xué)語(yǔ)言的接受能力。
3、聽(tīng)力材料一般由5段1-2個(gè)回合的簡(jiǎn)短對(duì)話和5段3-5個(gè)回合的較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話或獨(dú)白組成，該部分語(yǔ)句結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容層次比前一部分簡(jiǎn)短對(duì)話略顯復(fù)雜。但一般來(lái)說(shuō)，除一些專(zhuān)有名詞外，材料中一般沒(méi)有生詞。
4、題干和選項(xiàng)一般比較簡(jiǎn)短，各選項(xiàng)的長(zhǎng)度、難度和結(jié)構(gòu)基本一致。
5、語(yǔ)速自然，相當(dāng)于真實(shí)生活中人們講話的正常語(yǔ)速。
6、聽(tīng)力材料一般由英籍專(zhuān)家朗讀，但將來(lái)也可能會(huì)有美音、甚至澳大利亞和加拿大音，乃至背景音，體現(xiàn)語(yǔ)言的真實(shí)性、交際性和實(shí)用性。
3．素材特點(diǎn)
聽(tīng)力理解的語(yǔ)言材料有別于閱讀材料，具體表現(xiàn)在：句子短，語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)不如書(shū)面語(yǔ)言那么嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，且多余信息多（諸如you know, listen, well, I mean, you see等），內(nèi)容多為貼近學(xué)生生活或日常交際生活中的對(duì)話或獨(dú)白，它來(lái)源于生活，體現(xiàn)生活，和我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钣忻芮新?lián)系，具有口語(yǔ)特征，諸如猶豫、停頓、重復(fù)、思考、重音、略音、拖長(zhǎng)音、被打斷、語(yǔ)序顛倒等，句子簡(jiǎn)短等。同時(shí)，錄音文字材料的語(yǔ)言難度也略低于閱讀材料，材料中一般不會(huì)出現(xiàn)生詞，但個(gè)別不影響理解的詞匯也有可能出現(xiàn)；選項(xiàng)中能用單詞的不用短語(yǔ)，能用短語(yǔ)的不用句子，不用復(fù)雜的句子作選項(xiàng)；聽(tīng)力試題不考查語(yǔ)法知識(shí)；問(wèn)題常以特殊疑問(wèn)句的形式出現(xiàn)，不以一般疑問(wèn)句的形式出現(xiàn)。
聽(tīng)力語(yǔ)言材料的內(nèi)容主要涉及日常生活、文化教育、風(fēng)土人情、時(shí)事和科普常識(shí)等方面。常見(jiàn)的日常生活的話題有：?jiǎn)柡颉⒀?qǐng)、看病、約會(huì)、聚餐、購(gòu)物、通知、問(wèn)路、打電話、談?wù)撎鞖?、詢?wèn)時(shí)間、自然災(zāi)害、新聞報(bào)道等等內(nèi)容。聽(tīng)力語(yǔ)言材料的長(zhǎng)度適宜，既有足夠的信息量供試題設(shè)計(jì)問(wèn)題，又不會(huì)給考生增加記憶負(fù)擔(dān)，最長(zhǎng)的一段語(yǔ)言材料只有150個(gè)詞左右（近兩年的試題情況），最短的對(duì)話也創(chuàng)設(shè)了一個(gè)較明確的語(yǔ)境。
五、命題程序及方法
命題既是一種學(xué)術(shù)水平的體現(xiàn)，也是一門(mén)技術(shù)。為了使試題既符合教學(xué)大綱對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容的目標(biāo)要求，又能體現(xiàn)考試評(píng)價(jià)改革的新理念，命題一般要經(jīng)過(guò)以下步驟：
1．學(xué)習(xí)教學(xué)大綱（包括教材）及《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》中有關(guān)聽(tīng)力要求的內(nèi)容，研讀《2005年甘肅省普通高等學(xué)校招生外語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力測(cè)試大綱》中的有關(guān)規(guī)定。
2．制定“雙向細(xì)目表”。
3．選擇擬出題的各個(gè)分項(xiàng)。在“雙向細(xì)目表”中，利用打“√”等方式選擇在哪些知識(shí)點(diǎn)上命題。所命試題的題型、難度、分值應(yīng)符合《2007年甘肅省普通高等學(xué)校招生外語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力測(cè)試大綱》中的“一、二、三”尤其是“三、考試方式與試卷結(jié)構(gòu)”的要求。
4．利用前三步擬定好的雙向細(xì)目表開(kāi)始命題。
5．討論修改。當(dāng)試題命制完畢后，每個(gè)命題人應(yīng)根據(jù)“雙向細(xì)目表”認(rèn)真閱讀自己命制的試題，并做適當(dāng)?shù)恼{(diào)整或修改。
6．拼卷。當(dāng)試題修改后，經(jīng)過(guò)集體討論就可以拼卷了，討論時(shí)應(yīng)該說(shuō)明所命試題的出處等。拼卷時(shí)，要注意由易到難排列。拼好試卷后，再認(rèn)真考慮整卷的難度、各考查內(nèi)容的比例、賦分等。最后，根據(jù)整卷分析情況進(jìn)行個(gè)別試題的調(diào)整、修改或重新命制。
7．審題。當(dāng)試卷拼好并進(jìn)行調(diào)整后，即可審題，審題時(shí)，既要審查每道試題的科學(xué)性，還要考慮效度、信度、難度，以及整卷的內(nèi)容比例、難度比例等。
8．根據(jù)審題意見(jiàn)進(jìn)行修改。
在命題過(guò)程中要避免試題中出現(xiàn)不規(guī)范性和隨意性，要特別注意其中的第3至第5步驟。
六、題型示例
一、考查簡(jiǎn)短對(duì)話
W：You are thinner than you used to be, aren’t you?
M：I am sure! I’ve lost 25 pounds and I feel great. I’m down to 165 pounds now.
1． How much did the woman weigh before she began to lose weight?
A. 165 pounds.
B. 190 pounds.
C. 140 pounds.
二、考查長(zhǎng)對(duì)話
M：I’m going to the cinema tonight. Would you like to go, Rebecca?
W：What’s on?
M：It’s a Western movie: A Cowboy Comes Home. I read the book about it. It’s really interesting.
W：But there’s Western on TV tonight. Why bother to turn out and pay for a cinema seat.
M：Do you think that’ll be the same movie? What’s more, movies on TV are nearly always old and they were probably made ten years ago. But A Cowboy Comes Home is a new one. And in the cinema there’s a wide screen and the color is better. And a movie can make everything more exciting and vivid.
W：You’re right. But you cannot choose your program, and it’s a waste of money to walk out on the middle if you’re bored. Here at home it’s so easy to turn off the TV, not that I do turn it off very often though.
M：Ah, I now know. That’s just it. You’re drugged by it: you’ve given up your old interests.
2．What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. Watching TV or going to the movies.
B. Reading a book or watching TV at home.
C. Staying at home or eating out in the evening.
3. Why does the woman say going to the movies can be a waste of money?
A. You have to pay for the ticket which is much too expensive.
B. You have no choice as to what movie you’d like to see.
C. You may leave the cinema when you do not like the movie.
W：Hilton Hotel.
M：Please give me the desk.
W：Reservations. Can I help you?
M：I’m a teacher of the University of New York , I’m coming to attend an annual conference on American Literature in Hong Kong next month. Could I make a reservation in your hotel?
W：Sure you can. It’s our pleasure to do whatever we can to serve our guests. May I ask how many of you would be traveling together and when you’ll be arriving here?
M：Two of us will arrive on Sep.11th.
W：That would be fine. Uhm, what sort of room do you like to reserve?
M：I would like to book two single rooms with private baths.
W：How long do you plan to stay here?
M：Probably from Sep.11th to 17 th .
W：OK. We can arrange that.
M：By the way, could you let me know how much you charge?
W：The charge for a single room with bath is 50 dollars a day. On top of that there is a 12 percent service charge. This does not, of course, include lunch or dinner.
M: OK.
W: Then I’ll send you a written confirmation that the reservation has been made. Your name, please?
M: Robert Smith.
W: Your telephone number?
M: 121-3452.
W: 121-3452. Am I right?
M: Yeah.
W: We’ll be happy to look after you during your stay here.
M: Thank you very much.
4. Where is the man from?
A. America.
B. Hong Kong .
C. Europe.
5. When will the man leave the hotel?
A. On Sep.11th.
B. On Sep. 17th.
C. On Sep. 16th.
6. What can you learn from the conversation?
A. The man will have free breakfast or dinner at hotel.
B. The man will stay at hotel for 5 days.
C. The total charge for a single room with bath is 50 dollars a day, including 12 percent service charge.
三、考查獨(dú)白
Now, you want to know about life in the past. Right? I can tell you. When I was a boy, things were different. I had to get up at six every morning. That was not very bad in summer, but in winter it was cold. And we didn’t have any hot water in the house. We had to wash in cold water. We didn’t have a bathroom. My dad had some chickens. I had to feed them every morning and then I had to walk to school with my little sister. It was two miles to school and two miles back in the evening. But it always seemed longer in the morning when we were going to school. There was a bus, but we didn’t have the money. And we had to go to bed at seven o’clock every night. We couldn’t watch TV because there wasn’t any. On Sundays we had to go to church three times --- morning, afternoon and evening. And we couldn’t play outside on Sundays. But it wasn’t all bad. We had some good times. We could go out and our parents didn’t have to worry about us. There weren’t so many cars on the roads then, so the streets were safe to play in. And there were not many robbers and thieves in those days. We had to work hard and we weren’t able to buy all those things in the shops today. Life was hard, but it was simple and people were happier. I don’t think I’d like to be young today.
7. What did the man have to do in the morning ?
A. He fed the chickens.
B. He cleaned the bathroom.
C. He carried water for the family.
8. Why did the man go to school foot ?
A. No bus ran in that direction.
B. The school was near.
C. His family was poor.
9.What did the man do every Sunday ?
A. He was taken to church three times.
B. He stayed at home all day.
C. He played in the street.
10. What can we learn from what the speaker said ?
A. He is a retired teacher of history.
B. He thinks children were happier in the past.
C. He lives on a farm far away from cities.
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