《高考英語總復(fù)習(xí)語法專項(xiàng) 謂語動詞1》由留學(xué)liuxue86.com編輯整理。本內(nèi)容整理時間為05月12日，如有任何問題請聯(lián)系我們。
高考英語總復(fù)習(xí)語法專項(xiàng) 謂語動詞
2009-03-18 11:49 來源：互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 作者：佚名 [打印] [評論]
總述: 謂語動詞的變化形式取決于時態(tài)和語態(tài): 英語的時態(tài)有十六種, 中學(xué)英語中有十二種常見的時態(tài); 語態(tài)有兩種, 即主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)
1.在主動語態(tài)中, 各種時態(tài)的謂語動詞的一般形式如下:
一般進(jìn)行完成完成進(jìn)行
現(xiàn)在do / doesam / is / are doinghave / has donehave / has been doing
過去didwas / were doinghad donehad been doing
將來shall / will doshall / will be doingshall / will have doneX
如果謂語是be動詞, 則可用be動詞的適當(dāng)形式( be / am / is / are / was / were / been)代替以上表格中的黑體字部分. 此外, 過去將來時的形式是: should / would do或should / would be
2.在被動語態(tài)中, 各種時態(tài)的謂語動詞的一般形式如下:
一般進(jìn)行完成完成進(jìn)行
現(xiàn)在am / is / are doneam / is / are being donehave / has been doneX
過去was / were donewas / were being donehad been doneX
將來shall / will be doneXshall / will have been doneX
另外, 過去將來時的被動語態(tài)形式是should / would be done
主動語態(tài)
在主動語態(tài)中, 高中英語中常見的有十二個時態(tài)
一.一般現(xiàn)在時:
1.構(gòu)成: 通常以動詞原形表示. 主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時, 則用動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式來表示
2.用法:
①.表示現(xiàn)狀, 性質(zhì), 狀態(tài), 經(jīng)常的或習(xí)慣性的動作
a. It is fine today.
b. I am a student.
c. I get up at six every day.
d. My father never takes a bus; he walks to his office.
②.表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理
a. Japan is to the east of China.
b. The sun rises in the east.
c. A horse is a useful animal.
③.表示將來確定會發(fā)生的動作(如己安排好或計(jì)劃好的動作或按時刻表將來一定會發(fā)生的動作), 可以這樣使用的動詞有: go, come, leave, start, arrive等
a. My train leaves at 6:30.
b. The football match is played the day after tomorrow.
④.在時間和條件狀語從句中可用一般現(xiàn)在時動詞代替一般將來時動詞
a. I will let you know as soon as I hear from him.
b. We will go if it is fine tomorrow.
c. I will be away when he arrives.
d. We shall not begin the discussion until he arrives.
e. Mother, I won’t go out unless you agree.
f. Don’t try to run before you begin to walk.
⑤.在某些以here / there開頭的句子中用一般現(xiàn)在時動詞表示現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的動作
a. Here comes the bus.=The bus is coming.
b. There goes the bell.
⑥.在體育比賽過程中, 解說員敘述迅速, 短暫動作時, 可用一般現(xiàn)在時, 表示正在進(jìn)行的或剛剛發(fā)生的動作
a. Ma Lianbao passes the ball to Mu Tiezhu, Mu shoots – a fine shot !
⑦.在劇本或圖片的說明文字中, 用一般現(xiàn)在時表示動作
a. When the curtain rises, Juliet is sitting at her desk. The phone rings. She picks it up and listens quietly.
二.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時:
1.構(gòu)成: am / is / are doing
2.用法:
①.表示說話時正在進(jìn)行著的動作, 或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行而說話時不一定正在進(jìn)行的動作
a. I am writing a letter.
b. My mother is making a dress these few days.
②.表示即將發(fā)生的動作(如在最近按計(jì)劃或安排好要進(jìn)行的動作), 常見的有這種用法的動詞有: come /go / leave / start / arrive等, 常與表示將來時間的狀語連用
a. They are going to Shanghai on Friday.
b. John is coming here next week.
③.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時動詞與always, continually, constantly等連用, 表示反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的或習(xí)慣性的動作
a. The little boy is always asking questions.
b. You are always saying that sort of thing.
④.在一定的上下文中, 前一句用一般現(xiàn)在時動詞表述現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的事實(shí), 后一句用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時動詞來闡述這一事實(shí)的原因, 結(jié)果, 目的等
a. He frowns. He is worrying about his boy.他皺著眉頭, 因?yàn)樗跒樗暮⒆訐?dān)心. (is worrying表示原因)
b. She criticizes him. She is trying to correct his wrong habits. 她批評他, 想糾正他的壞習(xí)慣. (is trying表示目的)
c. She lets her child have his own way. She is spoiling him. 她不管她的孩子, 把他慣壞了. ( is spoiling表示結(jié)果)
⑤.不表示持續(xù)的行為, 而表示知覺, 感覺, 看法, 認(rèn)識, 感情, 愿望或某種狀態(tài)的動詞通常不用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時, 如: see, hear, smell, taste, recognize, notice, forget, remember, understand, know, believe, suppose, mean, think, love, hate, care, like, dislike, worry, forgive, want, wish, hope, refuse, feel like, belong to , possess, own, have, be, seem等
三.現(xiàn)在完成時:
1.構(gòu)成: have / has done
2.用法:
①.表示動作在說話之前己經(jīng)完成, 而后果或影響至今仍存在
a. He has gone to Shanghai. ( =He went to Shanghai and he is not here now. )
b. I have opened the window. ( =I opened the window and the window is now open.)
c. The concert has started. ( =The concert started and is now going on. )
d. I have had breakfast. (=I had breakfast and I am not hungry now. )
②.表示開始于過去, 持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(也許還會繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去)的動作或狀態(tài), 用于延續(xù)性動詞, 且句中常帶有表示段時間的時間狀語
a. I have studied English since 1987.
b. He has lived here for two years.
c. He has been ill for ten days.
3.現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別:
①.現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時所表示的動作都發(fā)生在過去, 但前者將過去的動作與現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在的影響聯(lián)系起來, 而后者只限于表示過去的動作本身, 與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)
②.現(xiàn)在完成時不能與表明確時間的狀語如: yesterday, last year, two days ago, when I came in等連用, 但可與表示不明確時間的狀語如: already, yet, sometimes, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever等連用, 也可以和包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時間狀語如: this morning, today, this week, this year等連用
a. She has already come.
b. I have met him before.
c. Ma Hong has always been a good student.
d. Have you ever been to the Great Wall ?
e. I have seen him this morning.
四.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時:
1.構(gòu)成: have / has been doing
2.特征: 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時兼有現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時兩者的特點(diǎn)
①.它具有現(xiàn)在完成時的特點(diǎn), 即表示動作發(fā)生在過去, 延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響
②.它具有現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的特點(diǎn), 即可以表示此動作仍在進(jìn)行或還會繼續(xù)
a. Mr. Smith has taught English for twenty years. ( 至今為止教過二十年英語, 至于teach是否結(jié)束或是否延續(xù), 不得而知)
b. Mr. Smith has been teaching English for twenty years.( 現(xiàn)在仍在教英語,而且將持續(xù)下去)
3.用法:
①.表示現(xiàn)在之前的一段時間里一直進(jìn)行的動作, 此動可能仍在進(jìn)行, 也可能剛剛停止
a. I have been reading the book all the morning.
b. He has been staying here for two hours.
c. I have been living in Beijing since 1972.
②.表示現(xiàn)在之前的一段時間里一再重復(fù)的動作
a. I have been calling you several times in the past two days.
4.現(xiàn)在完成時與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時的區(qū)別: 前者著重表示過去動作對現(xiàn)在的影響或結(jié)果; 后者著重表示過去動作的持續(xù)進(jìn)行
a. I have written six letters since I got back.我己經(jīng)寫了六封信 (強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果)
b. I have been writing letter since I got back. 我回家后一直在寫信 (強(qiáng)調(diào)“一直在寫”)
c. I have read this book.我讀過這本書了(強(qiáng)調(diào)“讀過”這一結(jié)果)
d. I have been reading this book.我一直在讀這本書 (強(qiáng)調(diào)“一直在讀”)
《高考英語總復(fù)習(xí)語法專項(xiàng) 謂語動詞1》由留學(xué)liuxue86.com編輯整理
高考英語總復(fù)習(xí)語法專項(xiàng) 謂語動詞
2009-03-18 11:49 來源：互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 作者：佚名 [打印] [評論]
總述: 謂語動詞的變化形式取決于時態(tài)和語態(tài): 英語的時態(tài)有十六種, 中學(xué)英語中有十二種常見的時態(tài); 語態(tài)有兩種, 即主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)
1.在主動語態(tài)中, 各種時態(tài)的謂語動詞的一般形式如下:
一般進(jìn)行完成完成進(jìn)行
現(xiàn)在do / doesam / is / are doinghave / has donehave / has been doing
過去didwas / were doinghad donehad been doing
將來shall / will doshall / will be doingshall / will have doneX
如果謂語是be動詞, 則可用be動詞的適當(dāng)形式( be / am / is / are / was / were / been)代替以上表格中的黑體字部分. 此外, 過去將來時的形式是: should / would do或should / would be
2.在被動語態(tài)中, 各種時態(tài)的謂語動詞的一般形式如下:
一般進(jìn)行完成完成進(jìn)行
現(xiàn)在am / is / are doneam / is / are being donehave / has been doneX
過去was / were donewas / were being donehad been doneX
將來shall / will be doneXshall / will have been doneX
另外, 過去將來時的被動語態(tài)形式是should / would be done
主動語態(tài)
在主動語態(tài)中, 高中英語中常見的有十二個時態(tài)
一.一般現(xiàn)在時:
1.構(gòu)成: 通常以動詞原形表示. 主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時, 則用動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式來表示
2.用法:
①.表示現(xiàn)狀, 性質(zhì), 狀態(tài), 經(jīng)常的或習(xí)慣性的動作
a. It is fine today.
b. I am a student.
c. I get up at six every day.
d. My father never takes a bus; he walks to his office.
②.表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理
a. Japan is to the east of China.
b. The sun rises in the east.
c. A horse is a useful animal.
③.表示將來確定會發(fā)生的動作(如己安排好或計(jì)劃好的動作或按時刻表將來一定會發(fā)生的動作), 可以這樣使用的動詞有: go, come, leave, start, arrive等
a. My train leaves at 6:30.
b. The football match is played the day after tomorrow.
④.在時間和條件狀語從句中可用一般現(xiàn)在時動詞代替一般將來時動詞
a. I will let you know as soon as I hear from him.
b. We will go if it is fine tomorrow.
c. I will be away when he arrives.
d. We shall not begin the discussion until he arrives.
e. Mother, I won’t go out unless you agree.
f. Don’t try to run before you begin to walk.
⑤.在某些以here / there開頭的句子中用一般現(xiàn)在時動詞表示現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的動作
a. Here comes the bus.=The bus is coming.
b. There goes the bell.
⑥.在體育比賽過程中, 解說員敘述迅速, 短暫動作時, 可用一般現(xiàn)在時, 表示正在進(jìn)行的或剛剛發(fā)生的動作
a. Ma Lianbao passes the ball to Mu Tiezhu, Mu shoots – a fine shot !
⑦.在劇本或圖片的說明文字中, 用一般現(xiàn)在時表示動作
a. When the curtain rises, Juliet is sitting at her desk. The phone rings. She picks it up and listens quietly.
二.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時:
1.構(gòu)成: am / is / are doing
2.用法:
①.表示說話時正在進(jìn)行著的動作, 或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行而說話時不一定正在進(jìn)行的動作
a. I am writing a letter.
b. My mother is making a dress these few days.
②.表示即將發(fā)生的動作(如在最近按計(jì)劃或安排好要進(jìn)行的動作), 常見的有這種用法的動詞有: come /go / leave / start / arrive等, 常與表示將來時間的狀語連用
a. They are going to Shanghai on Friday.
b. John is coming here next week.
③.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時動詞與always, continually, constantly等連用, 表示反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的或習(xí)慣性的動作
a. The little boy is always asking questions.
b. You are always saying that sort of thing.
④.在一定的上下文中, 前一句用一般現(xiàn)在時動詞表述現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的事實(shí), 后一句用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時動詞來闡述這一事實(shí)的原因, 結(jié)果, 目的等
a. He frowns. He is worrying about his boy.他皺著眉頭, 因?yàn)樗跒樗暮⒆訐?dān)心. (is worrying表示原因)
b. She criticizes him. She is trying to correct his wrong habits. 她批評他, 想糾正他的壞習(xí)慣. (is trying表示目的)
c. She lets her child have his own way. She is spoiling him. 她不管她的孩子, 把他慣壞了. ( is spoiling表示結(jié)果)
⑤.不表示持續(xù)的行為, 而表示知覺, 感覺, 看法, 認(rèn)識, 感情, 愿望或某種狀態(tài)的動詞通常不用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時, 如: see, hear, smell, taste, recognize, notice, forget, remember, understand, know, believe, suppose, mean, think, love, hate, care, like, dislike, worry, forgive, want, wish, hope, refuse, feel like, belong to , possess, own, have, be, seem等
三.現(xiàn)在完成時:
1.構(gòu)成: have / has done
2.用法:
①.表示動作在說話之前己經(jīng)完成, 而后果或影響至今仍存在
a. He has gone to Shanghai. ( =He went to Shanghai and he is not here now. )
b. I have opened the window. ( =I opened the window and the window is now open.)
c. The concert has started. ( =The concert started and is now going on. )
d. I have had breakfast. (=I had breakfast and I am not hungry now. )
②.表示開始于過去, 持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(也許還會繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去)的動作或狀態(tài), 用于延續(xù)性動詞, 且句中常帶有表示段時間的時間狀語
a. I have studied English since 1987.
b. He has lived here for two years.
c. He has been ill for ten days.
3.現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別:
①.現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時所表示的動作都發(fā)生在過去, 但前者將過去的動作與現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在的影響聯(lián)系起來, 而后者只限于表示過去的動作本身, 與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)
②.現(xiàn)在完成時不能與表明確時間的狀語如: yesterday, last year, two days ago, when I came in等連用, 但可與表示不明確時間的狀語如: already, yet, sometimes, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever等連用, 也可以和包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時間狀語如: this morning, today, this week, this year等連用
a. She has already come.
b. I have met him before.
c. Ma Hong has always been a good student.
d. Have you ever been to the Great Wall ?
e. I have seen him this morning.
四.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時:
1.構(gòu)成: have / has been doing
2.特征: 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時兼有現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時兩者的特點(diǎn)
①.它具有現(xiàn)在完成時的特點(diǎn), 即表示動作發(fā)生在過去, 延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響
②.它具有現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的特點(diǎn), 即可以表示此動作仍在進(jìn)行或還會繼續(xù)
a. Mr. Smith has taught English for twenty years. ( 至今為止教過二十年英語, 至于teach是否結(jié)束或是否延續(xù), 不得而知)
b. Mr. Smith has been teaching English for twenty years.( 現(xiàn)在仍在教英語,而且將持續(xù)下去)
3.用法:
①.表示現(xiàn)在之前的一段時間里一直進(jìn)行的動作, 此動可能仍在進(jìn)行, 也可能剛剛停止
a. I have been reading the book all the morning.
b. He has been staying here for two hours.
c. I have been living in Beijing since 1972.
②.表示現(xiàn)在之前的一段時間里一再重復(fù)的動作
a. I have been calling you several times in the past two days.
4.現(xiàn)在完成時與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時的區(qū)別: 前者著重表示過去動作對現(xiàn)在的影響或結(jié)果; 后者著重表示過去動作的持續(xù)進(jìn)行
a. I have written six letters since I got back.我己經(jīng)寫了六封信 (強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果)
b. I have been writing letter since I got back. 我回家后一直在寫信 (強(qiáng)調(diào)“一直在寫”)
c. I have read this book.我讀過這本書了(強(qiáng)調(diào)“讀過”這一結(jié)果)
d. I have been reading this book.我一直在讀這本書 (強(qiáng)調(diào)“一直在讀”)
《高考英語總復(fù)習(xí)語法專項(xiàng) 謂語動詞1》由留學(xué)liuxue86.com編輯整理