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2017年GRE閱讀模擬題一
Many scholars have argued that government investment in manufacturing in the southern United States during the Second World War spurred a regional economic boom that lasted into the postwar period. But much of this investment went to specialized plants, many of them unsuitable for postwar production. Large-scale, wartime government funding led to a massive increase in the number and scale of munitions facilities. By the war’s end, 216 munitions establishment costing more than $3.5 billion had been built, many of them located in the south. Indeed, according to one estimate, more than 70 percent of federally financed manufacturing construction capital in Alabama, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Tennessee went into munitions plants.
Even in the northern regions with strong prewar manufacturing economics, these plants were difficult to deal with once the imperative of war had been removed. In the south few industrialists had the capacity or desire to transform these factories to a peacetime function. Accordingly, at war’s end almost all of the southern munitions facilities were shut down, placed on standby, operated at a very low capacity, or converted to nonmanufacturing functions, usually storage. Although some reopened a few years later for use during the Korean War, the impact of the special plants on the South’s postwar economy was marginal at best.
1. The primary purpose of the passage is to
A. propose an alternative explanation
B. challenge a widely held position
C. contrast two views of a phenomenon
D. explain why a particular claim has been influential
E. evaluate evidence used to support a particular view
Consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.
2. According to the passage, some southern munitions plants built in the South during the Second World War were
A. later reopened and used once more as munitions plants
B. used for nonmanufacturing purposes after the war
C. originally envisioned as continuing to manufacture munitions at high capacity even after the war had ended
3. In the passage, the mention of “Alabama, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Tennessee” serves primarily to
A. suggest that some states were better than others at anticipating postwar economic needs
B. identify evidence used to support a view held by scholars mentioned at the beginning of the passage
C. suggest that federal investment in some kinds of manufacturing was excessive
D. identify the states that received the largest allocations of federal funds
E. provide information to support a point about the nature of government investment made earlier in the paragraph
1
Many scholars have argued that government investment in manufacturing in the southern United States during the Second World War spurred a regional economic boom that lasted into the postwar period.
許多學(xué)者認(rèn)為，二戰(zhàn)期間美國(guó)政府在南方對(duì)制造業(yè)的投資，直到戰(zhàn)后仍然刺激該地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)高速發(fā)展。
2
But much of this investment went to specialized plants, many of them unsuitable for postwar production.
但這些投資多被用于特定的工廠，其中許多不適合戰(zhàn)后的生產(chǎn)。
3
Large-scale, wartime government funding led to a massive increase in the number and scale of munitions facilities.
大規(guī)模的戰(zhàn)時(shí)政府投資，導(dǎo)致了軍需品在數(shù)量與規(guī)模方面的巨大增長(zhǎng)。
4
By the war’s end, 216 munitions establishment costing more than $3.5 billion had been built, many of them located in the south.
戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束前，已建成 216 家軍需品企業(yè)，耗資 35 億美元，其中很多位于南方。
5
Indeed, according to one estimate, more than 70 percent of federally financed manufacturing construction capital in Alabama, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Tennessee went into munitions plants.
實(shí)際上根據(jù)一項(xiàng)估算，在阿拉巴馬，阿肯色，密西西比和田納西，超過(guò)七成的聯(lián)邦資助的生產(chǎn)建設(shè)資金流向了軍需品廠。
6
Even in the northern regions with strong prewar manufacturing economics, these plants were difficult to deal with once the imperative of war had been removed.
即使是戰(zhàn)前就擁有強(qiáng)大制造業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的北方地區(qū)，沒(méi)有了戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的急迫需求，也一時(shí)難以應(yīng)對(duì)。
7
In the south few industrialists had the capacity or desire to transform these factories to a peacetime function.
南方?jīng)]幾個(gè)實(shí)業(yè)家有能力或意愿把這些工廠轉(zhuǎn)型，為和平時(shí)期服務(wù)。
8
Accordingly, at war’s end almost all of the southern munitions facilities were shut down, placed on standby, operated at a very low capacity, or converted to nonmanufacturing functions, usually storage.
所以，戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束時(shí)，南方幾乎所有軍需品設(shè)施都被關(guān)閉，安排待命，維持極低生產(chǎn)量，或轉(zhuǎn)作非制造用途，通常是倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)。
9
Although some reopened a few years later for use during the Korean War, the impact of the special plants on the South’s postwar economy was marginal at best.
盡管幾年后一些工廠重開(kāi)，以應(yīng)對(duì)朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，但特種工廠對(duì)南方戰(zhàn)后經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響最多也就是微不足道。
1. The primary purpose of the passage is to
A. propose an alternative explanation
B. challenge a widely held position
C. contrast two views of a phenomenon
D. explain why a particular claim has been influential
E. evaluate evidence used to support a particular view
選 B
挑戰(zhàn)一種主流觀點(diǎn)，即句 1：
Many scholars have argued that government investment in manufacturing in the southern United States during the Second World War spurred a regional economic boom that lasted into the postwar period.
其后的內(nèi)容，都是作者反駁這種觀點(diǎn)。
Consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.
2. According to the passage, some southern munitions plants built in the South during the Second World War were
A. later reopened and used once more as munitions plants
B. used for nonmanufacturing purposes after the war
C. originally envisioned as continuing to manufacture munitions at high capacity even after the war had ended
選 AB
A 正確，根據(jù)句 9 。
B 正確，根據(jù)句 8 。
C 強(qiáng)干擾項(xiàng)。對(duì)于二戰(zhàn)中服役的南方兵工廠，文中出現(xiàn)了兩種態(tài)度，作者認(rèn)為它們對(duì)南方戰(zhàn)后經(jīng)濟(jì)貢獻(xiàn)不大，一種主流觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為貢獻(xiàn)很大 spurred a regional economic boom that lasted into the postwar period，但貢獻(xiàn)大不等于繼續(xù)開(kāi)工生產(chǎn)軍需品，這種推測(cè)是沒(méi)有根據(jù)的。
3. In the passage, the mention of “Alabama, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Tennessee” serves primarily to
A. suggest that some states were better than others at anticipating postwar economic needs
B. identify evidence used to support a view held by scholars mentioned at the beginning of the passage
C. suggest that federal investment in some kinds of manufacturing was excessive
D. identify the states that received the largest allocations of federal funds
E. provide information to support a point about the nature of government investment made earlier in the paragraph
選 E
句 5 是用來(lái)支撐句 4 的，所以選 E 。
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