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1. Although these molecules allow radiation at visible wavelengths， where most of the energy of sunlight is concentrated，to pass through，they absorb some of the longer-wavelength， infrared emissions radiated from the Earth‘s surface，radiation that would otherwise be transmitted back into space. (4)
雖然這些分子允許可見波長(visible wavelength)的輻射——陽光的絕大部分能量就匯集于此——不受阻擋地穿透，但它們卻會吸收某些較長波長(longer-wavelength)，亦即從地球表面輻射出的紅外發(fā)射(infrared emission)，這種輻射若不是二氧化碳的緣故就會被重新輸送回太空。
難句類型：復雜修飾、抽象詞
解釋：前面的分句中有一個不算很長的插入語，但是因為它插入的位置正好在固定搭配allow something to do somthing中間，將allow和to分得很遠，所以讀起來讓人感覺很不舒服。
后面的分句中的最后一行radiation that would otherwise be transmitted back into space是其前面的infrared emissions的同位語。其中的otherwise是副詞作狀語，表示如果后面的分句所說的they absorb some of the longer-waverlength， infrared emissions不發(fā)生時的后果。
意群訓練：Although these molecules allow radiation at visible wavelengths， where most of the energy of sunlight is concentrated， to pass through， they absorb some of the longer-wavelength， infrared emissions radiated from the Earth's surface， radiation that would otherwise be transmitted back into space.
2. The role those anthropologists ascribe to evolution is not of dictating the details of human behavior but one of imposing constraints—ways of feeling，thinking，and acting that "come naturally" in archetypal situations in any culture. (4)
這些人類學家所歸諸于生物進化的作用，不是規(guī)定人類行為的種種細節(jié)，而是將各種限制強加于人類——即在任何文化的典型情景中都會“自然表露”的情感、思維、以及行動方式。
難句類型：復雜修飾、省略
解釋：盡管我們很熟悉the role of something的這種表達，但本句中the role of被作者勝利很活。首先，在role后面有一個省略了引導詞that的定語從句(因為role在從句中作ascribe的賓語)，這樣就把role和系動詞is隔得很遠。其次，but前面的句子的主要結構The role is not of doing something其實是The role is not the role of doing something的省略形式，因為后面的the role與前面的完全重復，如果不把它省略掉，誰看到都要覺得啰嗦。因為同樣的道理，but之后的one of imposing constraints實際上是is one role of imposing constraints的省略形式。
意群訓練：The role those anthropologists ascribe to evolution is not of dictating the details of human behavior but one of imposing constraints— ways of feeling， thinking，and acting that "come naturally" in archetypal situations in any culture.
Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings, but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work.
For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travellers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it , let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface.
The first time that the question “ What is at the bottom of the oceans?” had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed.
At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.
1. Studies by Hargrave and Geen estimated natural community grazing rates by measuring feeding rates of individual zooplankton species in the laboratory and then computing community grazing rates for field conditions using the known population density of grazers. (5)
由哈格雷夫(Hargrave)和吉恩(Geen)所進行的研究，對自然條件下的群落捕食速率進行了估計，其手段是通過測量出實驗室內(nèi)單獨的浮游動物種類的捕食速率，然后利用已知的食草動物種群密度，計算出實地狀況下的群落捕食速率。
難句類型：復雜修飾
解釋：本句對閱讀者的閱讀能力提出了更高的要求，不但要求讀者讀清楚句子的復雜的結構，而且對讀者的詞匯能力也提出了更高的要求。
By以前結構無需解釋，by以后有兩個作介詞賓語短語的動名詞結構，measuring和后面表示并列和順接的and then之后的computing,說的是計算方法;前一個measuring說的是先算出實驗室中浮游動物品種的單位捕食速率，后面的 computing前其實省略了一個by,而且在這個動名詞結構中還包括一個分詞結構using the known population density of grazers,用已知的捕食者的種群密度計算出其野外的群體捕食速率。整個的by以后的計算過程簡單了就是：實驗室單位速率×野外密度=野外群體速率。
另外本句中的詞匯也頗有迷惑性;雖然沒有太難的單詞，但是很多單詞都是同義詞和反義詞，容易讓人讀混(斜線分隔同義詞，冒號分隔反義詞)。
estimate/measure/compute; feeding rates/grazing rates; zooplankton/grazers; natureal/field; laboratory community; individuall
意群訓練：Studies by Hargrave and Geen estimated natural community graz-ing rates by measuring feeding rates of individual zooplankton species in the laboratory and then computing community grazing rates for field conditions using the known population density of grazers.
2. In the periods of peak zooplankton abundance,that is,in the late spring and in the summer,Haney recorded maximum daily community grazing rates,for nutrient-poor lakes and bog lakes,respectively,of 6.6 percent and 114 percent of daily phytoplankton production. (3+)
在浮游動物數(shù)量激增的高峰期，亦即在春季后期以及夏季，哈尼記錄了最大程度上的每日群落食草比率，對于營養(yǎng)物不充足的湖和沼澤湖而言，分別為每日浮游植物繁殖量的6.6%和114%。
難句類型：插入語
解釋：句中有兩組插入語，每組兩個插入語，尤其是第二組，把rate of從中間劈開。不過因為句義尚好理解，所以本句只是有一點別扭，但不算太難。
意群訓練：In the periods of peak zooplankton abundance,that is,in the late spring and in the summer,Haney recorded maximum daily community grazing rates,for nutrient-poor lakes and bog lakes，respectively,of 6.6 percent and 114 percent of daily phytoplankton production.
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