GRE寫作提綱解析

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    GRE作文題目:
    93"The concept of 'individual responsibility' is a necessary fiction. Although societies must hold individuals accountable for their own actions, people's behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making."
    GRE寫作精講之提綱解析:
    93 同意個(gè)人行為受到外界力量的影響,但更重要的是引導(dǎo)人們對(duì)自己的行為負(fù)責(zé),從而產(chǎn)生個(gè)人責(zé)任
    1、個(gè)人責(zé)任的重要性
    有責(zé)任感,think over before action; avoid irrevocable consequences; fewer crime; fewer traffic
    accidents;
    2、承認(rèn)外因影響人的行為,無(wú)論是負(fù)責(zé)任的行為()還是不負(fù)責(zé)任的行為(古代帝王)
    3、外因驅(qū)動(dòng)下的負(fù)責(zé)行為不是長(zhǎng)久的,需要轉(zhuǎn)化為內(nèi)因,形成個(gè)人責(zé)任
    93. "The concept of 'individual responsibility' is a necessary fiction. Although societies must hold
    individuals accountable for their own actions, people's behavior is largely determined by forces not of
    their own making."
    翻譯:個(gè)人責(zé)任的概念是一種很必要的虛構(gòu)。盡管社會(huì)必須讓個(gè)人對(duì)他們自己的行為負(fù)責(zé),但是人們的行為很大程
    度上不是自己能夠左右的。
    提綱:部分同意,部分反對(duì)
    1.首先,individual responsibility 對(duì)于社會(huì)安定是一個(gè)重要的方面。每個(gè)人都在社會(huì)上扮演著各自的不同的角色,
    承擔(dān)著不同的 responsiblity。只有每個(gè)人都擔(dān)當(dāng)了各自的 responsiblity,社會(huì)才得以正常發(fā)展下去。
    2.在社會(huì)大環(huán)境下每個(gè)人的行為會(huì)受到外界很大的影響,但這并不代表人的行為不是自己能左右的,內(nèi)因才是決定
    個(gè)人行為的重要因素。
    3.因此,政府有責(zé)任創(chuàng)造出一個(gè)和諧的利于個(gè)人發(fā)展的環(huán)境,而且應(yīng)該讓他們對(duì)各自的行為負(fù)責(zé)。
    93 個(gè)人責(zé)任很科幻
    一、盡管有限制,但是是為了保護(hù)個(gè)人自由,個(gè)人責(zé)任無(wú)論對(duì)個(gè)人還是社會(huì)都很重要
    二、The fallacious rationale behind the claim seems that outside forces confine people to make choices
    themselves, rendering individual responsibility empty.(結(jié)尾:只是提供額外信息)
    1.保護(hù)自由論
    2.免予淪為anarchy
    三、對(duì)于個(gè)人很重要
    1.當(dāng)人們面對(duì) dilemma 是個(gè)人責(zé)任 pull out from swamp 110
    2. 遭遇financial crisis, unhappy marriage, career failure感到無(wú)助,要 stir oneself out of depression,
    就需要個(gè)人責(zé)任給與力量和勇氣 fight against外界 unpleasant pressure斗爭(zhēng)
    3. 不管 ostensible difficulties,只要愿意改變都可以選擇人生
    4. more vibrant and fresher life
    四、對(duì)于社會(huì)也很重要,
    1.由個(gè)人組成,如果每個(gè)人都沒(méi)個(gè)人責(zé)任,則整個(gè)社會(huì) absence of progress and even declination,像一個(gè)
    dispirited, disheartened, and disadvantaged的人
    2.魯迅筆下的中國(guó)人
    3.只有當(dāng)個(gè)人肩負(fù)責(zé)任,如 King, Gandhi, Lincoln, 才能 responsibility at large
    93T "The concept of 'individual responsibility' is a necessary fiction. Although societies must hold
    individuals accountable for their own actions, people's behavior is largely determined by forces not of
    their own making." 93. “個(gè)人職責(zé)”的概念根本就是虛構(gòu)的。盡管社會(huì)需要個(gè)人來(lái)實(shí)施社會(huì)本身的行為,但人們
    的行為很大程度上是被迫的而并非個(gè)人意愿。
    ① 人們的行為很多是社會(huì)規(guī)定的,通過(guò)法律、規(guī)章、職責(zé)等。任何人違反都要受到制裁。如:watergate
    ② 這些規(guī)定是必要的。保持社會(huì)穩(wěn)定、保護(hù)私有財(cái)產(chǎn) private property、促進(jìn)人際和諧。舉反面例子,若沒(méi)有。。
    ③ 個(gè)人的職責(zé),是 necessary, 但不是 fiction。除了特定社會(huì)所支持的以外,人們還有基本的原則。如:科學(xué)家堅(jiān)
    持真理的原則。Bruno Italian philosopher who used Copernican principles in formulating his cosmic
    theory of an infinite universe. Condemned by the Inquisition for heresy, immoral conduct, and
    blasphemy, he was burned at the stake.
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