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新GRE閱讀真題中短篇閱讀
一、The finding that there were rock-melting temperatures on asteroids for sustained periods is puzzling: asteroids’ heat source is unknown, and unlike planet-sized bodies, such small bodies quickly dissipate heat. Rubin suggests that asteroids’ heat could have derived from collisions between asteroids. Skeptics have argued that a single impact would raise an asteroid’s overall temperature very little and that asteroids would cool too quickly between impacts to accumulate much heat. However, these objections assumed that asteroids are dense, solid bodies. A recent discovery that asteroids are highly porous makes Rubin’s hypothesis more plausible. When solid bodies collide, much debris is ejected, dissipating energy. Impacts on porous bodies generate less debris, so more energy goes into producing heat. Heat could be retained as debris fall back into impact craters, creating an insulating blanket.
1. The passage suggests that one factor that has made it difficult to account for the temperatures once reached by asteroids is
A. a miscalculation of the frequency of asteroid collisions
B. a misconception about asteroids’ density
C. a mistaken assumption about what the heat source of the asteroids was
D. an underestimation of the rate at which small bodies lose heat
E. an erroneous view of how asteroids were formed
Consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.
2. It can be inferred from the passage that Rubin disagrees with skeptics mentioned in the passage about which of the following?
A. Whether porous bodies generate less debris when struck than do solid bodies
B. The temperatures asteroids would have to reach for their rocks to have melted
C. The likely effect of impacts on asteroids’ temperatures
答案：B C
二、Benjamin Franklin is portrayed in American history as the quintessential self-made man. In “Self-reliance”, Emerson asks, “Where is the master who could have instructed Franklin...?” In fact, Franklin took instruction widely, and his scientific work was highly collaborative. Friends in England sent equipment needed for his electrical experiments, others, in Philadelphia, helped him set up his workshop there. Philip Syng constructed a device for generating electrical charges, while Tomas Hopkinson demonstrated the potential of pointed conductors. Franklin, in addition to being the group’s theoretician, wrote and published its results. His fame as an individual researcher is partly a consequence of the shorthand by which when one person writes about a group’s discoveries, history sometimes grants singular credit for collective effort.
1. Which of the following best describes the function of the highlighted sentence?
A. It states a viewpoint about Franklin with which the author disagrees.
B. It introduces new evidence about Franklin’s role in the collaborative process.
C. It explains Franklin’s reputation in terms of a broad scholarly phenomenon.
D. It emphasizes the extent to which Franklin relied on others in his workshop.
E. It describes Franklin’s approach to writing scientific results.
2. Emerson is mentioned in the passage primarily to
A. Identify the origin of a particular understanding of Franklin
B. Elaborate on a view of Franklin that the author takes issue with
C. Point to a controversial claim about Franklin’s historical legacy
D. Introduce the question of who Franklin’s main scientific influences were
E. Suggests that Franklin was resistant to collaboration with other scientists
答案：C B
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