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The age at which young children begin to make moral discriminations about harmful actions committed against themselves or others has been the focus of recent research into the moral development of children. Until recently, child psychologists supported pioneer developmentalist Jean Piaget in his hypothesis that because of their immaturity, children under age seven do not take into account the intentions of a person committing accidental or deliberate harm, but rather simply assign punishment for transgressions on the basis of the magnitude of the negative consequences caused.
However, in recent research, Keasey found that six- year-old children not only distinguish between accidental and intentional harm, but also judge intentional harm as naughtier, regardless of the amount of damage produced. Both of these findings seem to indicate that children, at an earlier age than Piaget claimed, advance into the second stage of moral development, moral autonomy, in which they accept social rules but view them as more arbitrary than do children in the first stage. (163 words)
8.According to the passage, Piaget and Keasey would not have agreed on which of the following points?
(A) The kinds of excuses children give for harmful acts they commit
(B) The age at which children begin to discriminate between intentional and unintentional harm
(C) The intentions children have in perpetrating harm
(D) The circumstances under which children punish harmful acts
(E) The justifications children recognize for mitigating punishment for harmful acts
9.According to the passage, Keasey's findings support which of the following conclusions about six-year-old children?
(A)They have the ability to make autonomous moral judgments.
(B)They regard moral absolutism as a threat to their moral autonomy.
(C)They do not understand the concept of public duty.
(D)They accept moral judgment made by their peers more easily than do older children.
(E)They make arbitrary moral judgments.
P4
1
The term "remote sensing" refers to the techniques of measurement and interpretation of phenomena from a distance.
“遙感” 這個詞涉及遠(yuǎn)距離測量及解讀信息的技術(shù)。
2
Prior to the mid-1960's the interpretation of film images was the primary means for remote sensing of the Earth's geologic features.
1960 年代中期以前，地質(zhì)學(xué)特征的遙感主要是通過對膠片上圖像的解讀。
3
With the development of the optomechanical scanner, scientists began to construct digital multispectral images using data beyond the sensitivity range of visible light photography.
隨著光學(xué)機械掃描儀的發(fā)展，科學(xué)家開始用超越可見光攝影敏感范圍的數(shù)據(jù)，構(gòu)建多光譜數(shù)碼圖像。
4
These images are constructed by mechanically aligning pictorial representations of such phenomena as the reflection of light waves outside the visible spectrum, the refraction of radio waves, and the daily changes in temperature in areas on the Earth's surface.
這些圖像的構(gòu)建，要通過對一些現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行機械校準(zhǔn)，像不可見光的反射，無線電波的折射，以及該區(qū)域內(nèi)地表溫度的日常變化。
5
The advantage of digital over photographic imaging is evident: the resulting numerical data are precisely known, and digital data are not subject to the vagaries of difficult-to-control chemical processing.
數(shù)碼圖像相較于膠片感光成像的優(yōu)勢顯而易見：由大量數(shù)據(jù)產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果更精確，而且數(shù)據(jù)不會受制于各種難以掌控的化學(xué)步驟。
8. It can be inferred from the passage that a major disadvantage of photographic imaging in geologic mapping is that such photography
(A) cannot be used at night
(B) cannot focus on the details of a geologic area
(C) must be chemically processed
(D) is always enhanced by digital reconstruction
(E) cannot reflect changes over extended periods of time
選 C
細(xì)節(jié)題。
問傳統(tǒng)辦法的 major disadvantage 其實等于問新技術(shù)的 advantage，回到句 5：
The advantage of digital over photographic imaging is evident: the resulting numerical data are precisely known, and digital data are not subject to the vagaries of difficult-to-control chemical processing.
細(xì)節(jié)題是不是可以不讀文章直接用關(guān)鍵字回溯文段來節(jié)省時間?
我個人覺得不能，因為很多細(xì)節(jié)題的問法是相對隱蔽的，不讀懂文段大意，定位經(jīng)?？赡懿粶?zhǔn)，一個稍微精致的干擾就能讓人中招。而這種方法之所以聽起來不錯，因為它和所有事后諸葛一樣。所以，老實點，不要想取巧了。