1. Women’s work has changed considerably in the past 200 years， moving from the household to the office or the factory， and later becoming mostly white-collar instead of blue-collar work.
解析：此句信號語為逗號和“and”。兩個逗號為我們清晰地劃出了句子脈絡(luò)。“and”前后分別連接“moving”和“becoming”兩個分詞結(jié)構(gòu)。因此，很容易判斷出此句為一個單句，包含起修飾作用的兩個并列分詞結(jié)構(gòu)。
句意：近200年來，婦女的工作發(fā)生了巨大的變化，（辦公場所）從家庭轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)檗k公室或工廠，繼而主要從事白領(lǐng)工作。
2. It is frequently assumed that the mechanization of work has a revolutionary effect on the lives of the people who operate the new machines and on the society into which the machines have been introduced.
解析：此句信號語為“that”、“and”、“who”和“which”。It is frequently assumed that為固定搭配，即“通常認(rèn)為”，我們把that后面的成分理解為主語從句的后置，“it”為形式主語。由“and”可以判斷出兩個“on”短語為并列結(jié)構(gòu)。由“who”和“which”我們得知“on”短語的賓語又分別包含一個定語從句。
句意：通常認(rèn)為，工作實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)械化后，無論是操作機(jī)器的人或是使用機(jī)器的社會，其生活都會深受影響。
3. It was not the change in office technology， but rather the separation of secretarial work， previously seen as an apprenticeship for beginning managers， from administrative work that in the 1880’s created a new class of “dead-end” jobs， thenceforth considered “women’s work”。
解析：此句信號語為逗號、“but”和“that”。通過逗號，可以清晰地看出句子的幾個意群。通過 “that”，則可以明確此句為“it was…that”強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。“but”提示我們，在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中，強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分為“not…but”固定結(jié)構(gòu)，重心在but之后。理出主要脈絡(luò)之后，可以進(jìn)一步確認(rèn)各個修飾成分，如“previously”這個意群為插入語，“thenceforth considered”這個意群修飾“jobs”，起到補(bǔ)充說明的作用。
句意：到了19 世紀(jì)80年代，秘書工作——之前被視為剛起步的管理者的學(xué)徒訓(xùn)練——則與管理工作相剝離。于是就出現(xiàn)了一類新工作，一種“沒前途”的工作，后來被視為“婦女所從事的工作”。這絕非辦公技術(shù)變化的必然結(jié)果。
4. Fundamentally， however， the conditions under which women work have changed little since before the Industrial Revolution： the segregation of occupations by gender， lower pay for women as a group， jobs that require relatively low levels of skill and offer women little opportunity for advancement all persist， while women’s household labor remains demanding.
解析：此句信號語為逗號、冒號、“while”、“which”、“that”和“and”。逗號同樣起到劃分意群的作用。冒號的作用為解釋說明，引起下文的并列結(jié)構(gòu)。“while”分句與前半句是并列關(guān)系。“which”和“that”引導(dǎo)意群內(nèi)部的定語從句。“and”則連接從句內(nèi)部的并列謂語。
句意：但與工業(yè)革命前的情況相比，婦女的工作狀況并發(fā)生質(zhì)的變化，例如，目前仍根據(jù)性別分工，婦女工資總體偏低，工作技能要求不高，晉升機(jī)會很少，與此同時，她們?nèi)砸?fù)責(zé)料理家務(wù)。
5. The increase in the numbers of married women employed outside the home in the twentieth century had less to do with the mechanization of housework and an increase in leisure time for these women than it did with their own economic necessity and with high marriage rates that shrank the available pool of single women workers， previously， in many cases， the only women employers would hire.
解析：此句信號語為“and”、“that”和逗號。由于標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號較少，增加了分析的難度。首先判斷出固定搭配“less…than”，之后明確兩個“and”分別連接“with”的并列介詞賓語。“that”引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾“marriage rates”。逗號則讓我們清晰地判斷出插入語“previously”、“in many cases”。“the only women…”為“single women workers”的同位語。
句意：到了 20 世紀(jì)，越來越多的家庭婦女參加了工作，其原因并不是實(shí)現(xiàn)了家務(wù)機(jī)械化，或閑得太無聊，而是經(jīng)濟(jì)所迫，再加上結(jié)婚率上升，可供雇用的單身女工越來越少。