arbiter |
person with power to decide a matter in dispute; judge who is in a position ot make influential judgments; Ex. supreme arbiter of fashion in beachware |
arbitrary |
unreasonable or capricious; random; tyrannical; Ex. arbitrary ruler |
arbitrate |
act as judge (at the request of both sides) |
arboreal |
of or living in trees |
arboretum |
place where different trees and shrubs are studied and exhibited |
arcade |
a covered passageway usually lined with shops |
arcane |
esoteric; secret; mysterious; known only to the initiated; Ex. arcane ritual; Ex. arcane process closed to the uninitiated listener |
arch- |
chief; first; Ex. archbishop |
archaeology |
study of artifacts and relics of early mankind |
archaic |
antiquated; no longer used; belonging to the past; N. |
archetype |
prototype; primitive pattern |
archipelago |
group of closely located islands |
archives |
public records; place where public records are kept |
ardor |
heat; passion; zeal; ADJ. ardent |
arduous |
hard; strenuous; Ex. arduous work |
argot |
slang; speech spoken by only a small group of people |
aria |
operatic solo; a song sung by one person in an opera or oratorio |
arid |
(of land) dry; barren; unproductive |
aristocracy |
hereditary nobility; privileged class; government by nobility; N. aristocrat |
armada |
fleet of warships |
aromatic |
fragrant; having a sweet smell; N. aroma: strong pleasant smell |
arraign |
charge in court; indict |
array |
marshal; draw up in order; arrange in order; clothe splendidly; adorn; N: fine clothes; ordered group; Ex. in battle array |
arrears |
being in debt; money that should have been paid; work that should have been done |
arrhythmic |
lacking rhythm or regularity; N. arrhythmia |
arrogance |
pride; haughtiness; ADJ. arrogant: unpleasantly self-important (with a strong confidence in one's own importance and a lack of respect for other people) |
arroyo |
gully; narrow channel formed by rainwater |
arsenal |
storage place for military equipment |
artery |
blood-vessel; CF. vein |
artful |
exhibiting art or skill; deceitful; cunning; CF. artifice |
articulate |
effective; distinct; expressing ideas clearly; having clear sounds; having joints; Ex. articulate speech; V: express thoughts and feeling clearly; pronounce clearly; unite by joints |
artifacts |
object made by human beings, either hand-made or mass-produced |
artifice |
deception; trickery |
artisan |
a manually skilled worker |
artless |
without guile; open and honest |
ascendancy |
controlling influence; position of controlling influence; CF. in the ascendant |
ascertain |
find out for certain; make certain |
ascetic |
practicing self-denial; avoiding physical pleasures and comforts; austere; Ex. ascetic life of Buddhist monks; N. asceticism |
ascribe |
refer; attribute; assign |
aseptic |
preventing infection; having a cleansing effect |
ashen |
ash-colored; deadly pale |
asinine |
stupid; Ex. asinine remarks |
askance |
with a sideways or indirect look (with disapproval or distruct); Ex. look askance at |
askew |
crookedly; slanted; at an angle |
asperity |
sharpness; roughness; severity (of temper or weather); Ex. asperities of a Russian winter |
aspersion |
slanderous remark; Ex. cast aspersions on |
aspirant |
seeker after position or status |
aspire |
seek to attain (position or status); long for; Ex. aspire to become president; Ex. aspire to/after the leadership |
assail |
assault |
assay |
analyze (to discover what materials are present); evaluate (soil or ore) |
assent |
agree; accept; N. assessment |
assert |
state strongly or positively; demand recognition of (rights, claims, etc.); make a claim to (by forceful action); Ex. assert one's independence |
assiduous |
diligent |
assimilate |
absorb; take (food) into the body and digest it; understand (knowledge) completely and be able to use properly; cause to become homogeneous (the people of a country or race in the wasy of behaving or thinking) |
assuage |
mak less severe; ease or lessen (pain); satisfy (hunger); soothe (anger) |
assumption |
something taken for granted; the taking over or taking possession of; Ex. her assumption of power; V. assume |
assurance |
firm statement that something is certainly true; promise or pledge; certainty; confidence in one's own ability; self-confidence; Ex. In spite of all his assurances, he did not come back; Ex. assurance of his loyalty; Ex. The teacher lacked assuranc |
asteroid |
small planet |
astigmatism |
eye defect which prevents proper focus; OP. stigmatism |
astral |
relating to the stars |
astringent |
binding; causing contraction (stopping bleeding); harsh or severe; stringent; Ex. astringent criticism |
astronomical |
enormously large or extensive |
astute |
wise; shrewd; keen; seeing quickly something that is to one's advantage |
asunder |
into parts; apart; V. sunder |
asylum |
place of refuge or shelter; protection (religious or political) |
asymmetric |
not identical on both sides of a dividing central line |
atavism |
resemblance to remote ancestors rather than to parents; reversion to an earlier type; throwback; ADJ. atavistic |
atheistic |
denying the existence of God; N. atheism |
atone |
make amends for; pay for; Ex. atone for |
atrocity |
brutal deed; ADJ. atrocious |
atrophy |
wasting away; V: weaken and lose flesh and muscle (through lack of blood or lack of use) |
attentive |
alert and watchful; listening carefully; paying attention; considerate; thoughtful; politely helpful; Ex. attentive audience; Ex. He was attentive to the old lady; N. attentions: act of courtesy and consideration |
attenuate |
make thin; weaken |
attest |
testify; bear witness |
attire |
clothe; N: clothing; array; apparel |
attribute |
essential quality; V: ascribe; explain |
attrition |
rubbing away by friction; gradual decrease in numbers or strength; reduction in the work force without firing employees; wearing away of opposition by means of harassment; Ex. a war of attrition |
atypical |
not normal; not typical |
audacious |
daring; bold; N. audacity |
audit |
examination of accounts of a business; official examination; V. |
augment |
increase; add to |
augury |
omen; prophecy; sign of coming events; V. augur: predict; foretell; be a sign of (something in future) |
august |
impressive; majestic |
aureole |
sun's corona; halo; bright circle of light |
auroral |
pertaining to the aurora borealis; CF. aurora australis |
auspicious |
favoring success; giving signs of future success; Cf. auspices |
austere |
forbiddingly stern; ascetic; without comfort or enjoyment; severely simple and unornamented; Ex. a monk's austere life; Ex. austere grandeur of the cathedral; N. austerity |
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