7月托??荚嚬ヂ裕焊母锊挥没牛?xiě)作新題型Discussion Board全解析!

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    最近有網(wǎng)傳消息發(fā)布,托??荚嚰磳⒂瓉?lái)了重大的改革,對(duì)于很多小伙伴比較擔(dān)心改革之后,對(duì)于7月份的考試有什么影響?接下來(lái)就讓出國(guó)留學(xué)網(wǎng)小編來(lái)為大家介紹下7月托福考試攻略!
     7月托福考試攻略:改革不用慌!寫(xiě)作新題型Discussion Board全解析!
    托福改革不用慌!寫(xiě)作新題型Discussion Board全解析
    近期網(wǎng)傳托福將于今年7月迎來(lái)重大改革,就目前的消息來(lái)看,新版托??荚噷?huì)對(duì)考試內(nèi)容進(jìn)行精簡(jiǎn),顯著降低考生的體力消耗。目前網(wǎng)傳托福改革的要點(diǎn)如下:
    
    據(jù)傳官方將于4月11日正式官宣,新版托福將于7月26日上線。
    最新消息:目前托??荚嚬俜揭曨l號(hào)上在4月11日確實(shí)有一場(chǎng)直播,主題是2023年托福iBT考試全新升級(jí)發(fā)布會(huì)。這就直接證明了之前的網(wǎng)傳的改革消息是幾乎板上定釘?shù)氖聝毫?,只是改革?xì)節(jié)是否如網(wǎng)傳所說(shuō),咱們還要拭目以待當(dāng)天的直播~
    
    就網(wǎng)傳內(nèi)容來(lái)看,這次所謂的托福改革除了取消加試和刪減一篇托福閱讀之外,最大的變化就是寫(xiě)作部分。所以接下來(lái)著重對(duì)寫(xiě)作部分的變化做下分析。
    當(dāng)前寫(xiě)作是綜合寫(xiě)作+獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作兩個(gè)部分組成,共計(jì)55mins,據(jù)網(wǎng)傳的改版方向,之后會(huì)保留綜合寫(xiě)作的部分但是獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作會(huì)變成學(xué)術(shù)性討論題(discussion board question),這個(gè)題型其實(shí)來(lái)源于TOEFL Essentials。
    
    以下表格主要是展現(xiàn)獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作和學(xué)術(shù)性討論題之間的差異。
    
    寫(xiě)作新題型樣題一,先看油管大神給的例題。
    
    1. 先分析題干要求
    The test-taker must read the question posted by the professor and the two student responses.  Finally, they should write their own response which addresses the question and adds to the conversation.
    教授拋出1個(gè)debate,提問(wèn)大家的立場(chǎng)。接著兩個(gè)npc學(xué)生作為正反方,給出各自的觀點(diǎn)。
    而我們輸出的作文需要的是,不僅表達(dá)自己的立場(chǎng)(address the question),而且分析兩個(gè)npc學(xué)生的response(adds to the conversation)。
    這樣的題型,更注重在這個(gè)多元化社會(huì)中,針對(duì)同一個(gè)話題,人們不同意見(jiàn)的表達(dá)和討論。
    而在這個(gè)過(guò)程中,我們不僅要表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn),同時(shí)還要傾聽(tīng)其他人的思考。
    2. 再看例題中教授的發(fā)言
    教授:Today we’re going to talk about the debate between economic growth and protecting the environment. Economic growth creates new jobs and gives people money they can use to improve their lives. On the other hand, if we protect the environment it can be enjoyed both by ourselves and future generations. If you had to choose between prioritizing economic growth or protecting the environment, which one would you choose.  Why?
    經(jīng)濟(jì)和環(huán)境,你選哪個(gè)?
    仔細(xì)的你一定會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),這個(gè)題目就脫胎于現(xiàn)行托福的獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作題:Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Because economic growth is so important for modern societies, economic growth should not be slowed down by concerns about environment.
    所以,其實(shí)獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作沒(méi)有消失,只是換了個(gè)方式繼續(xù)陪伴(zhe mo)大家。
    3. 再看兩個(gè)npc學(xué)生的發(fā)言
    Alex: I would prioritize the environment. We only have one planet and if we don’t take care of it, we won’t have pleasant lives in the future. Economic growth can be important, but not at the expense of the environment. I think we need to shift towards more environmentally-friendly economic practices, such as investing in renewable energy and promoting environmentally-friendly technologies.  We’ll all live much healthier lives if the world around us is clean.
    Maggie: While I agree with Alex that environmental sustainability is important, I think that economic growth is the only way to solve many of the social and economic problems we face. We need a strong economy to create jobs, reduce poverty, and improve standards of living.  Not only that, but if companies grow stronger and more profitable, they might eventually develop new technologies that solve our environmental problems.
    Alex同學(xué)覺(jué)得環(huán)境重要,Maggie同學(xué)覺(jué)得經(jīng)濟(jì)重要。
    在兩位同學(xué)的response中,除了觀點(diǎn)的statement,還有一些展開(kāi)elaboration,類似一個(gè)小的主體段。
    4. 最后分析sample answer
    Sample Answer:  I strongly agree with Alex’s idea that our lives will be unpleasant if we focus entirely on economic growth. I would add that if  the environment is damaged by industrial development we’ll be more  likely to suffer from things like cancer and lung disease.  Maggie raised the relevant point that we can count on profitable companies to solve problems using new technology, but she doesn’t mention that they might arrive far too late to be of use.  For example, it  might take decades for a company to create a clean energy source, but  people are suffering from environmental problems right now.  Overall, then, I’d say that companies and governments should prioritize the environment right now.
    結(jié)構(gòu)非常清楚:
    1. 表明自己的立場(chǎng)
    2. 補(bǔ)充argument
    3. 指出反方的邏輯漏洞
    4. 重申立場(chǎng)
    5. 總結(jié)
    可以再次看出,這個(gè)過(guò)程模擬了真實(shí)課堂討論中,我們傾聽(tīng)他人的觀點(diǎn),消化吸收,然后給出自己的想法。
    相比現(xiàn)行考試,這種考法更凸顯了整合多方觀點(diǎn)的重要性,而不只是自我表達(dá)。
    此外,通過(guò)對(duì)兩個(gè)npc學(xué)生response的整合,新題型體現(xiàn)出了對(duì)考生的閱讀能力更高的要求。除了讀懂外,還要提煉出他們的觀點(diǎn)和論證過(guò)程,以及邏輯上的缺陷,找到可以反駁的點(diǎn)。
    寫(xiě)作新題型樣題二
    TOEFL Writing Academic Discussion Question NO.2: Artising
    The test-taker must read the question posted by the professor and the two student responses. Finally, they should write their own response which addresses the question and adds to the conversation.
    Professor: Today, we’re discussing the ethics of targeted advertising. Some people argue that online advertising which uses personal information to target specific people is an invasion of privacy. Others argue that it’s simply an acceptable way to reach consumers with products and services they’re interested in. What’s your take? Do you think targeted advertising is ethical, or is it an invasion of privacy?
    Jessica: I think targeted advertising is an invasion of privacy. Advertisers shouldn’t be able to track and use our personal information to sell us products. It’s not fair to consumers, and it’s a violation of our rights. Instead, advertisers should focus on creating high-quality ads that appeal to a broad audience.
     Mike: I disagree with Jessica. I think targeted advertising is ethical. It’s a more efficient way to reach consumers with products and services that are relevant to their interests. Plus, consumers can always opt-out of targeted advertising by adjusting their privacy settings. As long as advertisers give users a choice, I think targeted advertising can be beneficial for both businesses and consumers.
    「Sample Answer」
    I really like Mike’s idea thatwe can just opt-out of targeted advertising if we don’t like it.I’d add thatit is extremely easy to do this nowadays, as Internet browsers are very user ica raised the relevant point that companies should create advertisements that appeal to a broad audience, but she didn’t mention how difficult it is to make advertisements like that. Society is more diverse than ever before, so it is almost impossible to create messages that everyone finds attractive. Small companies without large advertising and research budgets might go out of business if they are prevented from using cheap and effective targeted advertising. Overall, then, I would say that targeted advertising is perfectly acceptable.
    從兩篇參考范文來(lái)看,新的學(xué)術(shù)性討論都是一段式的寫(xiě)作,字?jǐn)?shù)大概在100多一點(diǎn)。寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容需要包括教授提出的話題,兩個(gè)學(xué)生各自的觀點(diǎn)等內(nèi)容。關(guān)于寫(xiě)作結(jié)構(gòu),文章開(kāi)頭第一句需要提出自己的觀點(diǎn),表明立場(chǎng)支持哪一方,并且概括該方的觀點(diǎn)。接著建議增加一點(diǎn)自己支持該觀點(diǎn)的理由,這樣可以做到比較深入的論證。緊跟下來(lái)是概括反方的觀點(diǎn),并且對(duì)反方觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行反駁,并提出反駁的理由,以便更好支持自己的觀點(diǎn)。最后,需要重申自己的觀點(diǎn),做到跟開(kāi)頭照應(yīng),使得整篇文章前后照應(yīng),混為一體
    其他可能的話題
    最后,除了環(huán)境和經(jīng)濟(jì)的話題外,油管大神還給出了其他可能考到的話題:
    1. Social Media社交媒體(ls,tt,ins,以及我們的微博,pyq等,是好是壞)
    2. Grading Students學(xué)生成績(jī)?cè)u(píng)定(要不要給學(xué)生打分,脫胎于TPO71獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作:Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Grades (marks) encourage students to learn.)
    3. Taxing Unhealthy Products給不健康的食物征稅(TPO53綜合寫(xiě)作討論過(guò)類似問(wèn)題,閱讀部分給出三個(gè)支持的理由,聽(tīng)力部分反對(duì))
    4. AI人工智能(是有用的工具,還是對(duì)人類社會(huì)有傷害)
    5. Longevity長(zhǎng)壽(哪些因素促進(jìn)人類平均壽命增長(zhǎng))
    6. University Spending學(xué)校開(kāi)支(投資建設(shè)圖書(shū)館等學(xué)術(shù)項(xiàng)目,還是運(yùn)動(dòng)館等體育項(xiàng)目。脫胎于現(xiàn)有獨(dú)立題:Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Universities should give the same amount of money to their students' sports activities as they give to their university libraries.)
    7. City Spending市政開(kāi)支(如何支出可以提升居民生活質(zhì)量,脫胎于現(xiàn)有獨(dú)立題:Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is more important for the government to spend more money on art and music museums than on facilities (like playgrounds, public swimming pool. )
    8. Corporate Impact企業(yè)對(duì)社會(huì)的影響
    加上我們分析過(guò)的兩道例題(經(jīng)濟(jì)與環(huán)境,定向廣告),一共10個(gè)例題,脫胎于現(xiàn)有獨(dú)立題的數(shù)量大概是5-6個(gè)。
    其他的,則對(duì)考生們的knowledge of the world提出更高要求,包括人工智能,企業(yè)影響,人類壽命,社交媒體等。如果缺乏這些話題相關(guān)的知識(shí)儲(chǔ)備,恐怕很難在10分鐘內(nèi)寫(xiě)出有邏輯且有內(nèi)容的作文。
    最后,補(bǔ)充一些寫(xiě)作新題型的模板表達(dá):
    I strongly agree with [student]’s idea that [mention one point made by the student].
    I’d add that [expand on the point with your own idea].
    [Other student] raised the relevant point that [mention one point made by the other student], but he/she didn’t mention that [challenge that point].
    For example [elaborate on your challenge].
    Overall, then, I’d say that [directly answer the question].
    接下來(lái)怎么備考呢?
    分為:改革前參加考試和改革后參加考試
    改革前,即7月26日前考試:
    適合人群:
    1今年底就要申請(qǐng)學(xué)校的同學(xué)
    2已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備了比較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間
    備考建議:
    1按照改革前的考試要求準(zhǔn)備,正常備考
    2七月前每個(gè)月考一次
    3實(shí)在不行,就七月后再考新的考試
    改革后,即7月26日以后考試:
    適合人群:
    1嚴(yán)重不適應(yīng)改革前考試時(shí)長(zhǎng)
    2明年底及以后才申請(qǐng)學(xué)校
    3七月改革之前實(shí)在沒(méi)有時(shí)間備考
    備考策略:
    1提前備考:閱讀、聽(tīng)力、口語(yǔ)
    2四月以后再加入寫(xiě)作備考,大家可以等4月11日后,官方發(fā)布更多的新版考試細(xì)則,根據(jù)新考試要求積極備考
    托福改革的解讀,改革后的評(píng)分和給咱們備考帶來(lái)的變化:
    1. 個(gè)人認(rèn)為之前托福題量龐大,對(duì)physical和mental的續(xù)航力有很高要求,但其實(shí)體能和語(yǔ)言能力未必有那么緊密的關(guān)系,對(duì)很多肉身體能和耐力相對(duì)較弱,但語(yǔ)言基本功不錯(cuò)的同學(xué)而言,很吃虧。比如我們?cè)谂嘤?xùn)過(guò)程中經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn),很多同學(xué)聽(tīng)第一個(gè)section聽(tīng)力和做前兩篇閱讀正確率極高,越往后越精力渙散,錯(cuò)誤頻出,所以,這部分同學(xué)完全可以考慮在改革后,即今年7月26號(hào)之后參加新托??荚嚕w考試耗能更少,更容易考出自己的好狀態(tài),對(duì)考生更友好
    2. 在減少題量之后,閱讀聽(tīng)力和寫(xiě)作(增加的小小作文答題模式固定,難度遠(yuǎn)低于之前的大作文)均更容易出高分,而口語(yǔ)即將是拉開(kāi)分差最卷的科目,可預(yù)期的是托??谡Z(yǔ)即將卷出天際~~建議大家重視托??谡Z(yǔ),盡早開(kāi)始練習(xí),有條件的同學(xué)請(qǐng)老師一對(duì)一輔導(dǎo)是最快的提高方式,畢竟,口語(yǔ)27+不僅是個(gè)人能力的證明,更是申請(qǐng)排名靠前的學(xué)校和搶手專業(yè)最有力和閃光的敲門(mén)磚!
    3. 關(guān)于評(píng)分,聽(tīng)力和口語(yǔ)不變,而閱讀和寫(xiě)作變化巨大:
    a:閱讀的考試內(nèi)容減少了,那么勢(shì)必造成每個(gè)題的分值提升。所以,原來(lái)托福閱讀,每錯(cuò)一個(gè)題扣1分,現(xiàn)在每錯(cuò)1個(gè)題,就要多扣幾分了,每道題的權(quán)重上升,容錯(cuò)率下降
    b:之前綜合寫(xiě)作和獨(dú)立作文各占一半分值,改革后,100字的discussion board writing極有可能只占12分左右(畢竟字?jǐn)?shù)少,且沒(méi)有聽(tīng)力)或者依然和綜合寫(xiě)作平分秋色,各占15份,但因?yàn)榫C合寫(xiě)作顯然更難,所以綜合寫(xiě)作練習(xí)的重要性大幅提高
    4. 關(guān)于備考素材的選擇,TPO1-75 依然是最高效的真題練習(xí)庫(kù),復(fù)習(xí)方法基本不變,具體分析一下
    a:閱讀雖然文章數(shù)量減少,但題型及每篇的題目量都沒(méi)有變,需要注意容錯(cuò)率下降,需要更仔細(xì)審題和檢查,確保正確率
    b:聽(tīng)力不變,依然是2個(gè)對(duì)話+3篇講座,用TPO來(lái)模擬完全沒(méi)有問(wèn)題
    c:口語(yǔ)不變,依然是1個(gè)獨(dú)立+3個(gè)綜合
    d:寫(xiě)作,不用再看TPO的獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作題了,但要更加重視綜合寫(xiě)作,同時(shí),多積累新題型素材,提前準(zhǔn)備模版,并做記時(shí)寫(xiě)作練習(xí)
    1、寫(xiě)作分?jǐn)?shù)會(huì)有不穩(wěn)定甚至下滑的情況
    改革之后會(huì)出現(xiàn)寫(xiě)作分?jǐn)?shù)短期比較迷的情況,因?yàn)槿∠酥袊?guó)學(xué)生最為擅長(zhǎng)的獨(dú)立部分,反而會(huì)讓寫(xiě)作的分?jǐn)?shù)出現(xiàn)不穩(wěn)定。
    但是,這個(gè)問(wèn)題會(huì)跟著不同學(xué)生發(fā)生變化。閱讀和聽(tīng)力好的學(xué)生,綜合部分自然不差,即使有改革但是影響不大;但是聽(tīng)力不好的考生,無(wú)法在綜合上提分,喪失了獨(dú)立的加持,分?jǐn)?shù)必然受到影響。
    2、閱讀部分的容錯(cuò)率變低
    從三篇文章變成兩篇,總分不變的情況下自然會(huì)帶來(lái)的結(jié)果就是:題數(shù)減少,容錯(cuò)率變低。想要拿到絕對(duì)的高分,比如28+,錯(cuò)題數(shù)肯定要比以前少了。
    對(duì)于原來(lái)注意力無(wú)法高度集中的考生來(lái),減少了閱讀文章數(shù)量,體感會(huì)更好,但是一定更要追求絕對(duì)的正確率。
    3、平均分會(huì)逐漸呈現(xiàn)回歸的狀態(tài)
    這幾年日益高漲的平均分已經(jīng)開(kāi)始影響到托福考試的公平性了,改革的目的除了更新考試類型,變得更加友好,更為重要的原因 ,我們推測(cè)是為了平衡分?jǐn)?shù),讓平均分回歸到正常水平。
    那么,閱讀和寫(xiě)作的改革很大程度是為了達(dá)成這一目標(biāo),高分考生就不用說(shuō)了,本身不存在這個(gè)問(wèn)題,但是對(duì)于中段的(80-90)之間的考生來(lái)說(shuō),出分的難度還是會(huì)收到一定程度的影響的。當(dāng)然,這個(gè)也要看考生的能力匹配是否存在問(wèn)題。
    針對(duì)改革最大的部分寫(xiě)作,我們整理了寫(xiě)作的變化和備考建議:
    
    根據(jù)的預(yù)判,針對(duì)不同的學(xué)生情況,我們的建議如下:
    1、在保證分?jǐn)?shù)有效的前提下,即申請(qǐng)時(shí)不過(guò)期,已經(jīng)培訓(xùn)過(guò)的考生或目標(biāo)高分的考生,請(qǐng)務(wù)必在8月1日前拿到滿意的分?jǐn)?shù),不要拖延,越早出分越好。
    2、年級(jí)較低或者還未完成系統(tǒng)培訓(xùn)的考生,就不用考慮舊版的考試了,直接跳躍應(yīng)對(duì)8月之后的新版,暑假的培訓(xùn)重點(diǎn)就直接以新版考試為目標(biāo)了。