托福寫作時(shí)間要求及題型介紹

字號(hào):


    對(duì)于第一次考托福的同學(xué)來說,了解考試的時(shí)間和題型是非常有必要的,在托福寫作部分,是很多同學(xué)不太了解的,下面就由出國(guó)留學(xué)網(wǎng)的小編帶大家一起來了解一下相關(guān)的內(nèi)容。
    一、托福寫作時(shí)間要求
    1、獨(dú)立寫作
    要求在30分鐘內(nèi)根據(jù)題目要求完成寫作。
    2、綜合寫作
    要求在20分鐘內(nèi),基于短文和錄音寫作文。綜合寫作要求3分鐘閱讀學(xué)術(shù)文章, 2分鐘聽話題相關(guān)寫作錄音,然后20分鐘完成寫作。
    所以在托福寫作備考中,建議大家練習(xí)以下三個(gè)技巧,越熟練越好,這樣可以在托福寫作中,有效節(jié)約時(shí)間。
    1、練習(xí)英文打字、提高寫作速度;
    2、速記要點(diǎn),列出提綱;
    3、邏輯表達(dá),條理清楚。
    二、托福寫作題型
    教育類
    i. Some people believe that educating children altogether will benefit them. Others think intelligent children should be taught separately and given special courses. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
    ii. Today, more school leavers are unable to find jobs. Discuss the causes of rising unemployment among young adults and suggest any solutions.
    全球化影響
    There is a disagreement on the impact of increased business and culture contact between countries on a country’s identity. What is your opinion?
    政府投資
    People should keep all the money they earn and should not pay taxes to the state. Do you agree or disagree?
    文化類
    i. It is more important for a building to serve its purposes than to look beautiful. Architects do not need to worry about whether it is a real work of art. Do you agree or disagree?
    ii. The international tourism is the biggest industry in the world. To what extent do you think its advantages far outweigh its disadvantages?
    生活工作
    Some people think that changing jobs periodically is good. What is your opinion?
    科技影響
    Many employees may work at home with modern technology. Some people claim that it benefits only workers, but not employers. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
    廣告類
    There are many advertisements directed at children. Parents argue that children are misled, while advertisers consider advertising a source of useful information. What is your opinion?
    動(dòng)物類
    Far too little has been done to prevent animals and plants from dying out, although people have noticed this problem for a long time. Why have people failed to improve this situation? What are your suggestions?
    傳媒類
    Some people suggest that there should be restrictions on a detailed description of crimes in the newspapers and on television. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
    環(huán)境類
    It is said that the best way to solve the world’s environmental problems is to increase the price of fuel. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
    三、托福寫作分?jǐn)?shù)換算標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
    具體的換算標(biāo)準(zhǔn)如下:
    5分換算為30分,
    4.75換算為29分,
    4.5分換算為28分,
    4.25分換算為27分,
    4分換算為25分,
    3.75分換算為24分,
    3.50換算為22分,
    3.25分換算為21分,
    3分換算為20分,
    2.75分換算為18分,
    2.50分換算為17分,
    2.25分換算為15分,
    2分換算為14分,
    1.75分換算為12分,
    1.5分換算為11分,
    1.25分換算為10分,
    1分換算為8分。
     四、托福寫作評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
    綜合寫作:
    1、 內(nèi)容的完整性和準(zhǔn)確性。簡(jiǎn)單地說,就是文章是否有將講座中的關(guān)鍵信息點(diǎn)完整、準(zhǔn)確地提取出來(通常情況下有三點(diǎn)),并和閱讀材料中的相關(guān)內(nèi)容有效地一一對(duì)應(yīng)。如果講座中的信息點(diǎn)有缺失,那么會(huì)有一定程度的扣分;如果只寫了有關(guān)閱讀材料的觀點(diǎn),得1分。
    2、 文章的組織機(jī)構(gòu),詞匯和語(yǔ)法的正確性和準(zhǔn)確性。高分的作文需要做到條理清晰,結(jié)構(gòu)連貫,用詞恰當(dāng),能夠準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)講座中的觀點(diǎn)與閱讀材料中的觀點(diǎn)是如何相互聯(lián)系的,只要作文中的錯(cuò)誤不至于使內(nèi)容表述出現(xiàn)誤解,一些偶爾出現(xiàn)的語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤,如單詞拼寫、單復(fù)數(shù)問題等,不會(huì)對(duì)作文成績(jī)產(chǎn)生很大影響,當(dāng)然,錯(cuò)誤肯定是越少越好的。
    獨(dú)立寫作:
    1、 有效回應(yīng)題目,闡明文章主題。一般來說,獨(dú)立寫作完全跑題的情況很少,但是很多考生在展開討論時(shí)所采用的論據(jù),比較容易出現(xiàn)跟主題關(guān)聯(lián)性不大的情況,即局部答非所問的現(xiàn)象,從而影響了得分。
    2、 邏輯條理清楚,論證充分展開。這一點(diǎn)的關(guān)鍵在于文章論證的展開,是否提供了大量的細(xì)節(jié)和例子來支持觀點(diǎn),而非泛泛而談地說理。比如說某位同學(xué)的英文寫作能力很強(qiáng),我光說很強(qiáng),很厲害,寫得很好都很表面,但是我如果說這位同學(xué)托福寫作考了29分,那么就是很細(xì)節(jié)很有說服力的論據(jù)了。
    3、 內(nèi)容連貫一致,銜接自然流暢。達(dá)到內(nèi)容連貫一致的文章通常全文圍繞中心論點(diǎn)展開,而不會(huì)論據(jù)自相矛盾,也不會(huì)重復(fù)論證,有時(shí)候通過一些表示因果、先后、遞進(jìn)的關(guān)系連詞可以起到粘合劑的作用。
    4、 遣詞造句地道,語(yǔ)言駕馭嫻熟。托??荚嚱K究是語(yǔ)言考試,最終還是要考查考生的語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力,但是要注意的是,并不是要求考生通篇都用難詞偏語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句,而是要會(huì)變化著用一些美國(guó)人常用的語(yǔ)句把自己的想法表達(dá)清楚,所以建議考生盡量多閱讀和模仿英文原版材料,這樣寫出來的文章才能夠原汁原味。