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托福獨立寫作真題答案
獨立寫作寫作考試真題
A friend is going to reduce the living expenses. Which of the following ways is most effective？
1. find a roommate that can share rent；
2. buy the new technological products less frequently.
3. shop for less expensive food to cook at home.
寫作范文
People， especially those urban dwellers， struggle to save money by cutting down different kinds of living expenses. Various approaches have been proposed like finding a roommate to share rent， stopping buying new technological gadgets， or even cooking more at home. Personally， I would say stopping purchasing new technological gadgets is the most efficient way to save up money.
As is obvious， new technological devices can be super expensive and it is not necessary to buy them. When a new technological product is released in the market， it is usually very expensive at first. Gradually， the manufacturer lowers the price to attract more potential consumers. For example， when the latest iPhone—iPhone X was released in the market， the entry-level model cost around $1000. There is no logical reason for anyone who wants to save money to buy a $1000 phone. $ 1000 is a lot of money， with which one can pay rents， cover utility bills， or even buy gas to fill up their cars. Plus， compared with the iPhone 8， the iPhone X doesn’t have lots of practical changes in terms of both technology and design. It doesn’t hurt to buy it after the price drops a little bit. Moreover， since it is a glass phone， one might need to buy a phone case to protect it just in case of dropping it on the sidewalk. As a result， the costs can add up.
Unfortunately， with regard to finding a roommate to share rent or cooking at home， as much as they can help to save money， both two options have obvious drawbacks. Living with a roommate can be very inconvenient since you might have different schedules with your roommate. When you want to focus on your schoolwork， your roommate might be talking on the phone， watching TV， or just listening to music. As a result， it is so disruptive that you cannot even concentrate on your academic work. Also， cooking at home can be very time-consuming， as you have to do grocery shopping at first， wash the vegetables， cook them， and then wash the dishes after you finish eating. These chores can be big headaches for college students who are overwhelmed by their schoolwork like preparing for exams， reviewing class notes， or even writing essays. Consequently， finding a roommate to share rent and cooking at home are not good options to save money.
All in all， discontinuing the purchase of new technological devices is the most effective way to save money. Finding a roommate to share rent and cooking at home are not good options to save money since they cause inconvenience.
二、綜合寫作題目解析
主題：富蘭克林雷電實驗的真實性。
閱讀總論點：懷疑，doubtful。
閱讀分論點一：有報紙懷疑實驗的真實性，覺得是富蘭克林杜撰的。
閱讀分論點二：雷電實驗存在危險性，富蘭克林很有可能死亡，但他并沒有任何受傷的跡象。
閱讀分論點三：沒有科學家目擊這個實驗。
聽力總論點：反駁，實驗是authentic 的。
聽力分論點一：富蘭克林作為一個嚴肅的科學家，不會隨意杜撰，不然會損害自己已有的名望。聽力分論點二：實驗并沒有那么危險，富蘭克林不用接觸電流，觀察末端的變化就可以。
聽力分論點三：不需要科學家在場，因為這個雷電實驗本來就有研究基礎，而且雷電的自然特性已經被證明了。
三、托福寫作考試評分標準
綜合寫作：
（1）內容的完整性和準確性。簡單地說，就是文章是否有將講座中的關鍵信息點完整、準確地提取出來（通常情況下有三點），并和閱讀材料中的相關內容有效地一一對應。如果講座中的信息點有缺失，那么會有一定程度的扣分；如果只寫了有關閱讀材料的觀點，得1分。
（2）文章的組織機構，詞匯和語法的正確性和準確性。高分的作文需要做到條理清晰，結構連貫，用詞恰當，能夠準確地表達講座中的觀點與閱讀材料中的觀點是如何相互聯系的，只要作文中的錯誤不至于使內容表述出現誤解，一些偶爾出現的語言錯誤，如單詞拼寫、單復數問題等，不會對作文成績產生很大影響，當然，錯誤肯定是越少越好的。
獨立寫作：
（1）有效回應題目，闡明文章主題。一般來說，獨立寫作完全跑題的情況很少，但是很多考生在展開討論時所采用的論據，比較容易出現跟主題關聯性不大的情況，即局部答非所問的現象，從而影響了得分。
（2）邏輯條理清楚，論證充分展開。這一點的關鍵在于文章論證的展開，是否提供了大量的細節(jié)和例子來支持觀點，而非泛泛而談地說理。比如說某位同學的英文寫作能力很強，我光說很強，很厲害，寫得很好都很表面，但是我如果說這位同學托福寫作考了29分，那么就是很細節(jié)很有說服力的論據了。
（3）內容連貫一致，銜接自然流暢。達到內容連貫一致的文章通常全文圍繞中心論點展開，而不會論據自相矛盾，也不會重復論證，有時候通過一些表示因果、先后、遞進的關系連詞可以起到粘合劑的作用。
（4）遣詞造句地道，語言駕馭嫻熟。托福考試終究是語言考試，最終還是要考查考生的語言運用能力，但是要注意的是，并不是要求考生通篇都用難詞偏語長句，而是要會變化著用一些美國人常用的語句把自己的想法表達清楚，所以建議考生盡量多閱讀和模仿英文原版材料，這樣寫出來的文章才能夠原汁原味。