托福寫作低分的8大原因

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    要寫出優(yōu)秀的句子首先要先做到避免語法和用句的錯(cuò)誤,那么在托福考試中,有哪些錯(cuò)誤是大家會(huì)常犯的呢,今天出國(guó)留學(xué)網(wǎng)小編就給大家介紹下托福寫作低分的8大原因。
    托福寫作低分的8大原因1.不一致(Disagreements)
    所謂不一致不光指主謂不一致,它還包括了數(shù)的不一致時(shí)態(tài)不一致及代詞不一致等。
    例1. When one have money ,he can do what he want to 。
    (人一旦有了錢,他就能想干什么就干什么。)剖析:one是單數(shù)第三人稱,因而本句的have應(yīng)改為has ;同理,want應(yīng)改為wants。本句是典型的主謂不一致。
    改為:Once one has money ,he can do what he wants (to do)
    托福寫作低分的8大原因2.修飾語錯(cuò)位(Misplaced Modifiers)
    英語與漢語不同,同一個(gè)修飾語置于句子不同的位置,句子的含義可能引起變化。對(duì)于這一點(diǎn)中國(guó)學(xué)生往往沒有引起足夠的重視,因而造成了不必要的誤解。
    例1. I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus。
    剖析:better位置不當(dāng),應(yīng)置于句末。
    托福寫作低分的8大原因3.句子不完整(Sentence Fragments)
    在口語中,交際雙方可借助手勢(shì)語氣上下文等,不完整的句子完全可以被理解??墒怯迷谕懈懽髦械臅嬲Z就不同了,句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整會(huì)令意思表達(dá)不清,這種情況常常發(fā)生在主句寫完以后,筆者又想加些補(bǔ)充說明時(shí)發(fā)生。
    例1. There are many ways to know the society. For example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on 。
    剖析:本句后半部分“for example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on ?!辈皇且粋€(gè)完整的句子,僅為一些不連貫的詞語,不能獨(dú)立成句。
    改為:There are many ways to know society ,for example ,by TV ,radio ,and newspaper。
    托福寫作低分的8大原因4.懸垂修飾語(Dangling Modifiers)
    所謂懸垂修飾語是指句首的短語與后面句子的邏輯關(guān)系混亂不清。
    例如:At the age of ten, my grandfather died. 這句中“at the age of ten”只點(diǎn)出十歲時(shí),但沒有說明“ 誰”十歲時(shí)。按一般推理不可能是my grandfather,如果我們把這個(gè)懸垂修飾語改明確一點(diǎn),全句就不那么費(fèi)解了。
    改為:When I was ten, my grandfather died。
    例1. To do well in college, good grades are essential。
    剖析:句中不定式短語 “to do well in college” 的邏輯主語不清楚。
    改為:To do well in college, a student needs good grades。
    托福寫作低分的8大原因5.詞性誤用(Misuse of Parts of Speech)
    “詞性誤用”常表現(xiàn)為:介詞當(dāng)動(dòng)詞用;形容詞當(dāng)副詞用;名詞當(dāng)動(dòng)詞用等。
    例1. None can negative the importance of money。
    剖析:negative 系形容詞,誤作動(dòng)詞。
    改為:None can deny the importance of money。
    托福寫作低分的8大原因6.指代不清(Ambiguous Reference of Pronouns)
    指代不清主要講的是代詞與被指代的人或物關(guān)系不清,或者先后所用的代詞不一致。試看下面這一句:
    Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid。
    (瑪麗和我姐姐很要好,因?yàn)樗鏊陌槟?。?BR>    讀完上面這一句話,讀者無法明確地判斷兩位姑娘中誰將結(jié)婚,誰將當(dāng)伴娘。如果我們?cè)谕懈懽髦邪岩子谝鹫`解的代詞的所指對(duì)象加以明確,意思就一目了然了。
    這個(gè)句子可改為:Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid。
    例1. And we can also know the society by serving it yourself。
    剖析:句中人稱代詞we 和反身代詞yourself指代不一致。
    改為:We can also know society by serving it ourselves。
    托福寫作低分的8大原因7.不間斷句子(Run-on Sentences)
    什么叫run-on sentence?請(qǐng)看下面的例句。
    例1. There are many ways we get to know the outside world。
    剖析:這個(gè)句子包含了兩層完整的意思:“There are many ways?!?以及“We get to know the outside world?!薄:?jiǎn)單地把它們連在一起就不妥當(dāng)了。
    改為:There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world. 或:There are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside world。
    托福寫作低分的8大原因8.措詞毛?。═roubles in Diction)
    Diction 是指在特定的句子中如何適當(dāng)?shù)剡x用詞語的問題,囿于教學(xué)時(shí)間緊迫,教師平時(shí)在這方面花的時(shí)間往往極其有限,影響了學(xué)生在寫作中沒有養(yǎng)成良好的推敲,斟酌的習(xí)慣。他們往往隨心所欲,拿來就用。所以托福寫作中用詞不當(dāng)?shù)腻e(cuò)誤比比皆是。
    例1. The increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution。
    (農(nóng)業(yè)方面化學(xué)物質(zhì)使用的不斷增加也造成了污染。)
    剖析:顯然,考生把obstacles“障礙”,“障礙物”誤作substance“物質(zhì)”了。另外“the increasing use (不斷增加的使用)” 應(yīng)改為“abusive use (濫用)”。
    改為:The abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution。