對于很多考雅思的同學(xué)來說，不知道準(zhǔn)備的怎么樣了呢？那么今天就和出國留學(xué)網(wǎng)的小編一起來了解一下2018年4月15日托福真題全解析一覽。
（圖片轉(zhuǎn)自百度）
口語
Task 1
Nowadays universities usually hold exams in the class， and recently some universities allow students to take exams at home. Talk about its advantages or disadvantages. Give specific reasons to support your answer.
Task 2
Some people prefer talking about their opinion immediately when they get the topic， while others prefer to wait and listen to others before they talk about their own opinion. Which one do you prefer and why ？
Task 3
閱讀：
標(biāo)題：The university is planning to provide food delivery service.
改變：Students can delivery food to dormitory or other places.
聽力：
觀點(diǎn)：The man totally agrees with this plan.
原因1：Sometimes student are busy preparing for exams and doing studies， so they have no time to eat in cafeteria， and this service can provide them with convenience.
原因2：Student can get more opportunities to take part-time jobs at night since they have many classes during the day.
Task 4
聽力
概念：Animal inhibition
定義：Some animals live in groups， and every member in a group has its own role. For example， the young ones need to study and the old ones need to find foods. In some cases， the old animals prevent the young ones from doing things that should be done by old ones.
閱讀
例子：The professor takes honeybees as an example. The young bees have to stay in a hive and the old bees come out to find food. In order to prevent young bees coming out， old bees may produce a kind of chemical material， and young bees respond to this material by staying in the hive. When more old bees die， the amount of chemical material will decrease， so young bees come out of the hive to find food just like the old bees did.
Task 5
問題：The man is going to attend a career fair， but at the same time he needs to attendhistory class and take the midterm exam.
解決方案1：The professor will give the man a paper which he needs to finish in a week.
優(yōu)點(diǎn)：He can attend the career fair.
缺點(diǎn)：Compared to preparing the midterm exam， he needs to spend more time on the paper.
解決方案2：To take the mid term exam.
優(yōu)點(diǎn)：/
缺點(diǎn)：He can still go to the career fair， but it may come to the end， so he won’t have enough time to talk with hiring managers of every company.
Task 6
標(biāo)題：Two disadvantages of licensing
概念：In order to gain more profits，some companies make and sell products in other country.
要點(diǎn)1：It’s hard to control the quality of the products.
例子1：A shoes company allows the other company to make shoes in other country. But the foreign company uses cheap material and the shoes fall apart. So the reputation of the home company will be damaged.
要點(diǎn)2：Foreign company will compete with the home company.
例子2：A cellphone company uses a new technology on its products， and allows a foreign company to help sell products. Then the foreign company learns about the new technology and produce their own products.
閱讀
Passage One
學(xué)科分類：生物
題目：海蜥蜴
內(nèi)容回憶：
本文主要講的是一種生活在太平洋的蜥蜴Lizard（閱讀配圖--驚訝臉）首先對這種蜥蜴進(jìn)行了explanation，只有單一性別，不需要進(jìn)行與異性進(jìn)行求偶交配工作，同樣也不需要為了領(lǐng)/配偶和食物與其他生物進(jìn)行競爭。緊接著就這種蜥蜴是如何來到小島上的進(jìn)行了猜測，并圍繞蜥蜴進(jìn)行生活等其他方面的介紹
Passage Two
學(xué)科分類：生物學(xué)
題目：生命起源
本文主要描述的是地球生命的起源是由于火星金星和地球相碰撞形成隕石，從而在地球上釋放了一些氣體，產(chǎn)生了有利于生命形成和發(fā)展的物質(zhì)
相似話題推薦：Early life forms and Earth Atmosphere/ Elements of life
Passage Three
學(xué)科分類： 人文商貿(mào)
題目：宋朝的商業(yè)社會(huì)
內(nèi)容回憶：
開頭從市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的角度講述了紙幣的發(fā)明促進(jìn)了商業(yè)及農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展；政治方面，后文闡述了皇帝限制了將軍的一些權(quán)力，并向商人征收許多的商業(yè)貿(mào)易稅，抑制了商業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。
Passage Four
學(xué)科分類： 人文歷史
描述羅馬海運(yùn)的歷史，羅馬的食物供應(yīng)的海上途徑是通過威尼斯的船運(yùn)。
詞匯題：
Subsequent=following
dense=thick
inevitable=unavoidable
components=combinations
寫作
綜合
總論點(diǎn)：Red palm weevil is a kind of pest which feeds on the leaves and trunks of palm. It originates in tropical forest of Asia，and spread all over the world. So experts are studying how to control the spread of weevils.
閱讀觀點(diǎn)：There are three possible ways.
1、 cut down the infested trees
Once the palm trees are infested， they will show symptoms like yellow leaves and holes on the trunks. If the infested trees are cut down as soon as possible， then the weevils can be prevented from spreading.
2、 Use pheromone mixture to trap pest
Weevils will be attracted by the pheromone mixture and be caught in the traps. Then they will be killed by the toxic substance put in the trap.
3 、use pesticides
weevils can be killed through spraying the pesticides on trunks and the soil.
聽力觀點(diǎn)：Controlling the spread of weevils is still a challenging task， and all the solutions have weakness.
1、Firstly， the symptoms of infestation is hard to monitor in the initial period of time. When the palm tree shows symptom like yellow leaves， actually it has been infested for almost one month， and weevils have had enough time to reproduce. So it is useless to destroy the infested trees because the weevils have already moved on to infest other trees.
2、The poisonous chemicals in traps could not stay active for a long time. To make the traps work， people should replenish the traps each week. If the traps are not replaced regularly， the weevils would not be killed and so they will spread in the surrounding area.
3、There are hundreds of weevils living deep inside the trees. Even though pesticides are applied thoroughly to reach the deep inside trees， some weevils would survive. And any surviving female can lay more than 200 eggs at a time. As a result， they can produce enough offspring to keep doing serious damage to many trees.
獨(dú)立
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement？
Playing sports can teach people lessons about the life.
Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
聽力
Conversat ion 1
話題分類：student and Biology professor
內(nèi)容回憶：professor找學(xué)生過來說很喜歡他的paper但是有些地方希望他修改一下。學(xué)生寫的是mutualism， 里面提到了example是關(guān)于ants和acacia plant，螞蟻的larvae會(huì)吃植物，所以成年螞蟻會(huì)保護(hù)該植物；但professor指出1. 學(xué)生要寫明exact species， 具體哪種螞蟻會(huì)和這種植物共生；2.可以增加其他例子。最后表揚(yáng)學(xué)生結(jié)尾寫了這類共生關(guān)系對環(huán)境的impact，非常好。
Conversation 2
話題分類：student and book store manager
內(nèi)容回憶：學(xué)生先說自己買錯(cuò)書了，拿過來退，于是manager給她refund。接著聊到manager自己也是本校畢業(yè)生，看到學(xué)生學(xué)的是關(guān)于莎士比亞的intro course ，開始尬聊。談到學(xué)這個(gè)要做很多research，現(xiàn)在圖書館開放時(shí)間延長到midnight了會(huì)更方便。接著談第二個(gè)問題，學(xué)生請他幫忙找一本professor要求買的書the brand-new brave，但是沒找到，不是sold out， 而是放到了fiction分類里，明天能拿到；學(xué)生說自己高中看過這本書，但是沒有參加當(dāng)時(shí)的book club；manager接著說professor都喜歡讓學(xué)生讀一些 barely heard of的書。
Lecture 1
學(xué)科分類：Biology
標(biāo)題：小冰河時(shí)期
內(nèi)容回憶： 提到一個(gè)小冰河時(shí)期被稱為the younger D， D是一種花的名字， 這種花能在寒冷的環(huán)境生存，還在當(dāng)?shù)卣业搅怂膒ollen。接著聊到這個(gè)時(shí)期很特別，驟然由暖變冷，時(shí)間很短， against之前以為的climate change要花1000years。然后提到變冷的原因：1st theory是ice dam，提到一個(gè)海峽stop currents， 大量冰川融化產(chǎn)生的freshwater進(jìn)入Atlantic ocean，2ndtheory是meteor impact， 會(huì)引發(fā)dust cloud導(dǎo)致溫度降低，但是又提到?jīng)]有發(fā)現(xiàn)crater heat，而且后來也有這樣的impact卻沒有使溫度降低；professor覺得dust clouds可能才是溫度降低的原因。
Lecture 2
學(xué)科分類：Art
標(biāo)題：真假莎士比亞肖像
內(nèi)容回憶： 開頭就提出肖像是有爭議的，通過測試發(fā)現(xiàn)1.這幅畫完成于文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期晚期，那會(huì)莎士比亞46歲；2.這幅畫作的owner是莎翁的一個(gè)sponsor。然后提出異議1.畫像上的人穿著太fancy，在伊麗莎白時(shí)代規(guī)定了playwright這樣社會(huì)地位的人能穿什么；但professor說晚期比較relax； 2.畫里人太年輕，莎翁52歲就die了，46怎么這么youthful；professor又提出當(dāng)時(shí)喜歡idealize被畫的人（美顏666）。
最好提到一個(gè)說法是這個(gè)畫像可能是另一個(gè)人，這個(gè)人是一個(gè)政治家，owner很贊同他的觀點(diǎn)所以有他的畫像，政治家的年齡符合，而且耳朵形狀和畫中人很像。
Lecture 3
學(xué)科分類： sociology
標(biāo)題：從眾如何影響到人們的決定
內(nèi)容回憶： 先提出今天討論人們?nèi)绾巫鰶Q定。講到一個(gè)罐子裝著dry beans，怎樣能估算到里面豆子的數(shù)量。學(xué)生提出可以一個(gè)班都估算最后取平均值；professor贊同，但是提出不能相互看答案，否則會(huì)互相影響。提出crowds effect 概念，從眾能給人更多自信。
講到了電腦模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)，讓受試者猜國家地區(qū)人口數(shù)，越接近真實(shí)答案就能拿到更多錢；受試者有5次機(jī)會(huì)，從第2次開始給他看到參考答案，他會(huì)不斷趨近參考答案，正確率反而下降。最好提到政府靠選票做一些決定時(shí)，經(jīng)常依賴這樣的Data可能會(huì)有不好的結(jié)果。
Lecture 4
學(xué)科分類： psychology
標(biāo)題：theory of mind
內(nèi)容回憶：人可以了解到大家對同一個(gè)事物看法不一樣，并從他人角度思考問題，4歲以前的小孩就不行，因?yàn)闆]有發(fā)展一種叫theory of mind的能力；這種能力可能導(dǎo)致欺騙，比如朋友去面試，其實(shí)表現(xiàn)一般，你卻可能說非常棒。然后用大猩猩來做實(shí)驗(yàn)，一個(gè)是dominate，另一個(gè)是subordinate，放在同一個(gè)區(qū)域競爭食物，subordinate的大猩猩能夠根據(jù)dominate的反應(yīng)知道它是否清楚食物在哪，然后通過deception把食物吃掉；實(shí)驗(yàn)表明大猩猩有這樣的element，但沒有能夠強(qiáng)大到從別人的角度思考。最后還用人和大猩猩做這樣的實(shí)驗(yàn)，professor覺得沒什么意義，反映不出deceptive的行為。