對(duì)于在托?？荚嚿匣ㄙM(fèi)了很多時(shí)間但是還是沒(méi)有結(jié)果的同學(xué)，可以找一找是哪方面的原因。或許對(duì)于出題思路以及答題要點(diǎn)有一個(gè)更清晰的了解會(huì)幫助你取得高分。下面就由出國(guó)留學(xué)網(wǎng)介紹一些托福口語(yǔ)task3的出題思路是怎么樣的？
一、設(shè)計(jì)初衷
語(yǔ)言的學(xué)習(xí)最重要的結(jié)果是要面對(duì)人去傳達(dá)自己的想法，口語(yǔ)就是面對(duì)面交流環(huán)節(jié)中最重要的一環(huán)。貼心的ETS在設(shè)計(jì)托福口語(yǔ)考試中就加入了campus situation這一環(huán)節(jié)。校園對(duì)話顧名思義，首先這一部分的場(chǎng)景都會(huì)設(shè)置在校園之中，其次材料都是以對(duì)話的形式出現(xiàn)的。在題材的設(shè)計(jì)上一般也都是同學(xué)們?cè)谏钪袝?huì)遇到的情況，比如學(xué)校要翻新圖書(shū)館，體育館設(shè)備陳舊沒(méi)法用了建議更換，跑步的時(shí)候路面環(huán)境太差應(yīng)該換一換等等。
二、時(shí)間安排
閱讀的讀題時(shí)間是四十五秒，需要閱讀一篇約一百二十詞的文章，閱讀后會(huì)繼續(xù)聽(tīng)學(xué)生的對(duì)話。每篇對(duì)話的時(shí)間不定，短則五十多秒，長(zhǎng)則約為一分半。閱讀和聽(tīng)力部分全部完成后，準(zhǔn)備答題時(shí)間為三十秒，作答時(shí)間為六十秒。
三、閱讀話題的兩種分類(lèi)
1. 按照閱讀的主題主要分為四類(lèi)：
(1). 學(xué)校新規(guī)定，政策類(lèi)，例如TPO 12 College Radio Station to Undergo Major Changes。
(2). 學(xué)校新計(jì)劃類(lèi)，例如TPO 18 University Choir to Enter Off-Campus Singing Competitions。
(3). 校園設(shè)備更新類(lèi)，例如TPO 20 Energy costs reach sky-high levels。
(4). 校園生活質(zhì)量提升類(lèi)，例如TPO 24 Close the Campus Coffee house。
2. 按照文章形式主要分為兩大類(lèi)：
(1). 學(xué)校政策，這一類(lèi)別在整個(gè)考試當(dāng)中占約70%左右，是主要考察的類(lèi)別。
例如TPO 12的College Radio Station to Undergo Major Changes提到，the university is considering making major changes to the college radio station. Changes would include an expansion of the station’s broadcasting range, which would allow the radio’s programming to reach nearby towns.
(2). 學(xué)生意見(jiàn)，這一類(lèi)別占剩下的約30%的閱讀形式。
例如TPO 1的Letter in Centerville College News提到，the administration has announced plans to acquire a new sculpture for campus. We should all oppose this plan。
四、閱讀常見(jiàn)思路解析
閱讀中提供的是談話的背景，從上文中可以看出內(nèi)容十分多樣化。在學(xué)校提出建議或者學(xué)生提出意見(jiàn)后，閱讀文章會(huì)給出提案或建議產(chǎn)生的兩點(diǎn)原因，細(xì)節(jié)，目的，方案，或者均會(huì)提及。這里有一點(diǎn)大家較為普遍的錯(cuò)誤認(rèn)識(shí)，就是認(rèn)為在第三題的閱讀中必會(huì)出現(xiàn)兩點(diǎn)原因。其實(shí)不然，在真題和TPO中均出現(xiàn)過(guò)沒(méi)說(shuō)原因而只是提出兩個(gè)方案的情況，這時(shí)候考生在作答時(shí)務(wù)必要及時(shí)做出調(diào)整，給出該題獨(dú)有的答題框架和模式，不要再照搬常說(shuō)的原因模板，造成不必要失分。
五、聽(tīng)力部分常見(jiàn)思路解析
1. 對(duì)話主體：
聽(tīng)力材料是由兩個(gè)老伙計(jì)的對(duì)話構(gòu)成的，一個(gè)是“持有強(qiáng)烈意見(jiàn)人”，一個(gè)是“醬油人”。其中，持有強(qiáng)烈意見(jiàn)人會(huì)在談話的開(kāi)頭部分就對(duì)閱讀中政策或者意見(jiàn)提出肯定或者否定的表述，后面就會(huì)給出自己持有此態(tài)度的原因和細(xì)節(jié)。醬油人顧名思義就是基本是打醬油的人，所以她或他的存在只是對(duì)話能夠持續(xù)進(jìn)行的陪襯而已。對(duì)話中，約百分之七十“持有強(qiáng)烈意見(jiàn)人”都是持有反對(duì)意見(jiàn)的。下面是對(duì)態(tài)度進(jìn)行的詳細(xì)統(tǒng)計(jì)(數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源是除TPO 35-39外的TPO材料)：
贊同：5, 12, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 28, 29, 30, 32, 40, 43;
反對(duì)：1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 20, 24, 25, 26, 27, 31, 33, 41, 42, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48。
2. 回答策略：
對(duì)于綜合口語(yǔ)的作答很多人都是比較模糊的，其中一些指示性的詞和提示往往也容易被人忽略，比如材料中常會(huì)有這么一句話：
Question: The man/woman expresses his/her opinion of the Reading Passage. State his/her opinion and explain the reason he/she gives for holding that opinion.
這個(gè)提示就告訴考生你的答案中必須包含三個(gè)內(nèi)容：
1. Reading passage
2. State his/her opinion
3. Explain the reason he/she gives for holding that opinion
其中第一個(gè)點(diǎn)是考生最容易忽略的，如果不需要陳述閱讀內(nèi)容的話，ETS為什么要花那么多精力去撰寫(xiě)，給你那么長(zhǎng)時(shí)間去準(zhǔn)備呢?所以存在即合理，要把握和利用好出題人給的條件和要求。
第二點(diǎn)闡釋觀點(diǎn)，已經(jīng)在上文提到過(guò)，這里不再贅述，你就表述她或他支持還是反對(duì)的意見(jiàn)即可。
第三點(diǎn)是占據(jù)我們答案最多的部分，也是比較難以取舍和把控的部分，這里筆者將對(duì)常見(jiàn)的論述的套路進(jìn)行解析和抽離。
3. 論述內(nèi)容套路分析：
(1). 描述細(xì)節(jié)
例如TPO 3, 閱讀中學(xué)校要讓學(xué)生吃冷的早餐：
(woman) Do you believe any of this? It’s ridiculous.
(man) What do you mean? It is important to eat healthy foods.
(woman) Sure it is! But they are saying a yogurt is better for you than an omelet or than hot cereal? I mean, whether something is hot or cold, that shouldn’t be the issue. Let’s say maybe on a really cold morning, in that case, which is going to be better for you, a bowl of cold cereal or a nice warm omelet? It’s obvious. There’s no question.
(2). 給出具體例子
例如TPO 12, 閱讀中學(xué)校要對(duì)radio station進(jìn)行大改變：
(woman) Besides, the whole university will benefit from it.
(man) What do you mean?
(woman) Well, you know my friend Tony, right? He told me that the radio station at his university did something like this about five years ago.
(man) And?
(woman) Well, it’s a success! They are making a lot of money out of commercials and they are using it to offer more scholarships and to help fund projects to renovate the facilities of other programs.
(man) That sounds really good.
(3). 有序列舉
例如TPO 30, 閱讀中學(xué)生建議學(xué)校的建設(shè)工程其實(shí)可以在暑假進(jìn)行：
(woman) Yeah, I do. Take his first reason. Like, I know you don’t drive, but I do drive here every day, so I need a place to park my car. And remember last year when they decided to repair some of the parking lots?
(man) Oh yeah, I remember that, there was a lot of work going on, wasn't there? Starting in December.
(woman) Right, at least four lots were closed, and that meant there weren't enough parking spots for students and professor’s cars. I usually had to circle around looking for parking on one of the streets. And then walk from the street all the way to my classes.
(man) That’s annoying.
(woman) Yeah, and it happened to a lot of other people in my classes too! People were always arriving late because of the trouble they had parking. Sometimes even my professors were late.
(man) Yeah.
(woman) And also, his second point? That makes sense too. I mean, for instance, part of the reason those parking lot repairs last year took so long was because of the big snowstorms. They had to keep stopping, sometimes for a week or two at a time, because of snow and ice on the ground.
(4). 給出原因
例如TPO 1, 閱讀中學(xué)生建議不要在校園中建立新的sculpture。
(woman) Well, you know why Paul is upset. He and his friends are always out there on the lawn right where the sculpture will be, kicking around the soccer ball. Now they’ll just have to use another part of the campus to play.
(man) Oh! So he just doesn't want to have to move.
(5). 給出結(jié)果
例如TPO 34, 閱讀中學(xué)校為學(xué)生提供免費(fèi)導(dǎo)師指導(dǎo)項(xiàng)目。
(man) I see what you mean, so new students could get access to information about the program from another student’s point of view.
我們了解完聽(tīng)力常見(jiàn)的展開(kāi)套路以后，就需要把材料拼裝成我們自己的答案了。這里同學(xué)們一定要記住一個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)，也是拿到高分的小竅門(mén)，就是兩個(gè)字：轉(zhuǎn)述!ETS口語(yǔ)出題的目的絕不是培育出一個(gè)個(gè)的復(fù)讀機(jī)，他們希望考生在了解原文原意的情況下可以靈活地轉(zhuǎn)述，這也的確符合我們的常識(shí)。生活中，別人和我們聊天我們?cè)趺纯赡苡涀∨笥颜f(shuō)的每一句話呢，沒(méi)有必要也沒(méi)有意義，因?yàn)槲覀冎灰馨盐彰繄?chǎng)對(duì)話的核心和精髓，用自己的話能表達(dá)出來(lái)就好了。
同時(shí)掌握好閱讀和聽(tīng)力中常見(jiàn)的信號(hào)詞也對(duì)我們理順文章的邏輯關(guān)系有很好的幫助，下面是對(duì)于常見(jiàn)信號(hào)詞的總結(jié)：
閱讀信號(hào)詞：
并列, 遞進(jìn)：and, also, as well as, besides, what's more, in addition
順序：first, to begin with, first of all, initially, first thing, first, second, apart from, that, on top of that, more than that, another factor should be taken into consideration is that, finally, last but not least
列舉：and, in addition to, one more thing, also, plus
轉(zhuǎn)折：but, however, nevertheless, yet, although
解釋?zhuān)簍hat is, in particular, I mean, in this way, to put it another way, in other words, that is to say, ...so to speak..., Let’s say
因果：as a result, as a consequence, consequently, therefore, due to, thanks to, on account of, since
聽(tīng)力常見(jiàn)信號(hào)詞：
同意：like, love, in favor of, agree with, supports, excellent, great idea, right thing, reasonable, sounds great, not a bad idea
反對(duì)：dislike, hate, disagree, against, should not, oppose, it is not right, no good, do harm, no benefits, disadvantage
舉例：say, like, for instance, for example, as a good example, by way of example
列舉：first, second, third, another, next, furthermore
比較：like, as, similarly, at the same time, as well as, on the other hand, in contrast, however
對(duì)比：in spite of, on the contrary, instead, whereas, unlike, regardless
強(qiáng)調(diào)：especially, remember that, pay particular attention to, a main concern, a key feature
總結(jié)：all in all, in short, in a word, in brief, to summarize, to sum up, to recap, in conclusion, on the whole, altogether, in a nutshell, to cut a long story short, thus