ETS偏愛托福閱讀句子簡化題是由于表示因果的邏輯詞很豐富，而且因果的大邏輯當(dāng)中又可以插入其他邏輯混淆考生。希望大家鍛煉出火眼金睛的能力先找出因果大關(guān)系，和出國留學(xué)網(wǎng)小編一起來看看托福閱讀句子簡化題中的因果關(guān)系。
句子簡化題中的因果邏輯
首先，請大家牢記以下表示因果的邏輯詞包括表示因為的because， since， as， for， 表示所以的so， therefore， as a result， in consequence， 后面加名詞的due to， because of和result from， 后面加結(jié)果的lead to， result in， cause這些重點邏輯詞。還有隱形因果詞比如explain， account for都是前因后果。題目當(dāng)中遇到這些詞一定要敏感因果邏輯和誰是因誰是果。如果大邏輯是因果，選項是必然體現(xiàn)因果關(guān)系不能省略的。
比如：Perhaps， like many contemporary peoples， Upper Paleolithic men and women believed that the drawing of a human image could cause death or injury， and if that were indeed their belief， it might explain why human figures are rarely depicted in cave art.
6. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage？ Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
○Upper Paleolithic people， like many contemporary peoples， believed that if they drew a human image in their cave art， it would cause death or injury.
○Many contemporary people believe that the drawing of a human image can cause death or injury， so they， like Upper Paleolithic people， rarely depicted human figures in their cave art.
○If Upper Paleolithic people， like many contemporary peoples， believed that the drawing of a human image could cause death or injury， this belief might explain why human figures are rarely depicted in cave art.
○Although many contemporary peoples believe that the drawing of a human image can cause death or injury， researchers cannot explain why Upper Paleolithic people rarely depicted human figures in their cave art.
我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)這句里面有明顯因果信號詞explain why和一個cause：
Perhaps， like many contemporary peoples， Upper Paleolithic men and women believed that the drawing of a human image could cause death or injury， and if that were indeed their belief， it might explain why human figures are rarely depicted in cave art.
所以大因果關(guān)系是原因：the drawing of a human image could cause death or injury； 結(jié)果：human figures are rarely depicted in cave art （因為舊石器時代人們相信畫人物會導(dǎo)致死亡或者傷害，這可能會解釋為什么巖壁藝術(shù)中很少出現(xiàn)人物形象）。這個因果關(guān)系是主要結(jié)構(gòu)，絕對不能省略。觀察選項只有BC保留了這層因果，B中的主語是contemporary people偷換概念，所以應(yīng)該選C If Upper Paleolithic people， like many contemporary peoples， believed that the drawing of a human image could cause death or injury， this belief might explain why human figures are rarely depicted in cave art. 體現(xiàn)了主要因果關(guān)系。
有時候因果邏輯關(guān)系中還會嵌套其他小邏輯，比如并列或者條件，那么我們的邏輯層次也要是先抓因果，再抓其他。比如：
The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendous numbers of people affected， as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process.
本句大因果關(guān)系是導(dǎo)致沙漠化的原因，其次才是并列的三個小原因：地方大，人多，不可逆轉(zhuǎn)。所以對應(yīng)的選項為：Desertification is a significant problem because it is so hard to reverse and affects large areas of land. 注意，小并列可以省略一個，但是主要因果關(guān)系不能省。