2018年5月19日托福考試真題一覽

字號(hào):


    對(duì)于很多準(zhǔn)備托福考試的同學(xué)來說,了解最新的托??荚噭?dòng)態(tài),試卷難度,對(duì)于把握考試的心態(tài)是有幫助的,下面就和出國(guó)留學(xué)網(wǎng)來看看2018年5月19日托??荚囌骖}一覽。
    聽力
    Conversation 1
    話題分類:student and facility manager
    內(nèi)容回憶:學(xué)生先說自己在學(xué)environmental science,現(xiàn)在paper也寫了,對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)氐膔ecycling比較好奇,于是manager給她介紹了一個(gè)volunteer job 就是關(guān)于回收的,提到圖書館那邊有個(gè)guideline, 但是他覺得人們應(yīng)該被更好地被告知這些回收的信息。1st提到要planning, 如何提高大家的回收意識(shí);2nd提到宣傳,目前他們是用chalks寫的,而不是打印。學(xué)生很驚訝,同時(shí)表示自己是people person,更喜歡fill in questions之類和人打交道的工作,于是manager介紹了另一個(gè)education department的工作,負(fù)責(zé)在information booth填表。
    Conversation 2
    話題分類:student and engineering professor
    內(nèi)容回憶:學(xué)生來詢問一個(gè)課程,叫history of engineering,他對(duì)課程比較迷惑。Professor說這是她爭(zhēng)取好久的在學(xué)校做的實(shí)驗(yàn),嘗試開放讓非engineering專業(yè)的學(xué)生也來了解這一歷史。對(duì)于這類學(xué)生有different set of requirement, 他們不涉及engineering的內(nèi)容,只學(xué)歷史,作業(yè)也不一樣,一般是關(guān)于city planning之類的論文和presentation。學(xué)生表示很想學(xué),但自己是first year。Professor說不影響,但是必須先找advisor商量看看怎樣安排更好;同時(shí)提到她可以留個(gè)位置給學(xué)生,不用擔(dān)心all filling up.
     Lecture 1
    學(xué)科分類:Art
    標(biāo)題:Plein Air
    內(nèi)容回憶:Plein air又稱 Open air, 即繪畫寫生,是17世紀(jì)羅馬最先使用,到19世紀(jì)才開始流行的。主要畫landscape在changing condition下有什么變化。最開始這種繪畫方式不被認(rèn)真對(duì)待,到后來發(fā)生2個(gè)變化l被發(fā)明,很方便攜帶 2.一種tin-tube顏料出現(xiàn),這種顏料是提前混合好的,畫家不需要再自己混顏料。
    French Impressionist—Claude Monet甚至說“我不需要studio,nature就是我的工作室”。他會(huì)攜帶很多canvas,要畫不同時(shí)間下的風(fēng)景。一般都是small brush或intense lights,和傳統(tǒng)不同。
    接著professor講學(xué)生如何畫,先要觀察自己所在的地方,光影效果是怎樣的,不需要畫全部的東西,抓主要就好—比如別把垃圾桶也畫進(jìn)去;還有不要被其他人打擾。
    Lecture 2
    學(xué)科分類:Zoology
    標(biāo)題:Barn owl
    內(nèi)容回憶:先講了這種owls(有圖)有facial disk(面部較平),然后night vision很好,但是提了一個(gè)問題,說它能在黑暗中準(zhǔn)確抓住一片掉落的樹葉,how? 學(xué)生猜不是視覺,也不是嗅覺。最后揭曉是聽覺。它的耳朵是一高一低的,也就意味著左耳聽到聲音的時(shí)間和右耳完全不同,它可以借助聽覺準(zhǔn)確知道獵物的位置。又由于它的面部構(gòu)造,當(dāng)它直面獵物的時(shí)候,左右耳聽到的聲音就一致了,這也意味著獵物很近,可以直接眼睛觀察就能捕捉到了。
    Lecture 3
    學(xué)科分類: Astronomy
    標(biāo)題:Mars上有水的原因(hypothesis)
    內(nèi)容回憶:4billion years ago,Mars上面是有水的,通過干的河床和一些低地勢(shì)的地方看到的lake beds都能證明。但原因不明。有科學(xué)家猜測(cè)是有很高的CO2,但是它很容易被水吸收。而且有大量CO2就會(huì)產(chǎn)生大量的carbonates,當(dāng)時(shí)用的探測(cè)方法主要是spectroscopy, 發(fā)現(xiàn)Mars表面很少有該物質(zhì)。所以CO2的說法被反駁了嗎?不是的,1st Mars表面有大量sulfur,它會(huì)和CO2發(fā)生反應(yīng);2nd 表面沒發(fā)現(xiàn)不代表下層沒有,在一個(gè)叫C hill的石頭用spacecraft發(fā)現(xiàn)了25%的carbonates。如果其他地方都這樣那就成立,如果只有這個(gè)石頭這樣那還得找其他解釋。
    Lecture 4
    學(xué)科分類: Anthropology
    標(biāo)題:Inca
    內(nèi)容回憶: 講Inca如何成為當(dāng)時(shí)最強(qiáng)大的古文明。當(dāng)時(shí)Inca就有8million people,所以food source對(duì)于他們來說至關(guān)重要,需要大量?jī)?yōu)質(zhì)的食物。1st climate change提供了好處,他們居住的lake旁邊發(fā)現(xiàn)早期沒有的pollen痕跡,而且有maize pollen,也就意味食物充足,甚至?xí)胦ribatid mites 來給maize提供營(yíng)養(yǎng)。2nd alder trees能夠產(chǎn)生nitrogen,也能營(yíng)養(yǎng)土壤。也提到高海拔的好處是可以terracing,易守難攻。最后講有些科學(xué)家質(zhì)疑climate理論,認(rèn)為是人使得文明強(qiáng)大,不是溫度或氣候。
    口語(yǔ)
    Task 1
    Talk about at least 1 advantage/ disadvantage about not being active on social website and social media.
    Task 2
    Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
    It is acceptable that someone use other’s influence to get a job.
    Task 3
    閱讀標(biāo)題: combine students& faculty dinning
    原因1:Students need more space. It is too crowded.
    原因2:Encourage positive social interaction with professor.
    聽力態(tài)度:agree.
    原因1:professors are not often coming to dinning hall. They have more options: eat at home, local restaurant or office. So students could have more space.
    原因2:the student is concern about the “interaction”. She thinks students might bother professor when they just want to deal with their colleagues or eat quietly. But it still worth a try.
    Task 4
    閱讀標(biāo)題:high-effort products
    定義:Products that need people to depend on their own. People who have difficulties toachieve goals would like to choose this kind of products.
    聽力例子:The professor did a test: there are two kinds of shoes, one is made in advanced technology, and the slogan is “work less, jump higher”; the other is using muscles,the slogan is “work harder, jump higher.”
    Then he asked 2 basketball teams to choose. The poorly performed team would like to choose the later, while the winning team would prefer the first shoes.
    Task 5
    問題:Sue wrote a paper about people’s health, yet she saw a new study she could add in it. But she has no time because she has a band rehearsal in the afternoon.
    解決方案1:no adding.
    優(yōu)點(diǎn)1:her paper is cool already , she put much effort on it.
    缺點(diǎn)1:the new study could better her paper.
    解決方案2:skip the band rehearsal
    優(yōu)點(diǎn)2:she could rewrite the paper and add in the new study.
    缺點(diǎn)2:It is the last rehearsal before music festival.
    Task 6
    話題: How dam could have negative impacts on animals
    要點(diǎn)1:block the passage for species have to migrate.
    例子1:Salmons have to migrate to upper side of the river to mate and reproduce. Their population decrease because of the dam.
    要點(diǎn)2:change of geography will ruin the habituate for some species
    例子2:A kind of birds live at tall grass near the river. But when dam established, there is no growing of tall grass any more. And the birds just vanished.
    閱讀
    Passage One
    學(xué)科分類:考古學(xué)
    題目:昆蟲化石
    內(nèi)容回憶:我們知道有很多動(dòng)物化石存在,但是昆蟲雖然占據(jù)了生物界三分之一的數(shù)量,但其化石存留還是很少的。留存昆蟲化石的方式有兩種,琥珀和一種巖石。琥珀留存的昆蟲化石相對(duì)來說很完整,而另一種方式基本只能存下來翅膀。昆蟲分為有翅膀的和沒有翅膀的,下一級(jí)還可以再細(xì)分。我們很難追溯到最古老的昆蟲,因?yàn)槟壳鞍l(fā)現(xiàn)的時(shí)間最久的昆蟲化石也展現(xiàn)出一些進(jìn)化后的特征。
    詞匯題:
    1. Readily=immediately
    2. Exploit=pay attention to
    Passage Two
    學(xué)科分類:農(nóng)業(yè)學(xué)
    題目:動(dòng)物馴化
    內(nèi)容回憶: 我們一直以為北美土著不會(huì)馴化動(dòng)物,但其實(shí)這是有原因的。好馴化的動(dòng)物應(yīng)該是等級(jí)制度(可以把人類當(dāng)做它們的頭兒)以及具有社交性的,北美的動(dòng)物不具備這些特征。動(dòng)物的馴化分成好多個(gè)階段,只是圈養(yǎng)起來不算馴化完成,動(dòng)植物脫離人無法繼續(xù)繁衍才是。北美土著的狗的馴化就不完全,還只是停留在第一個(gè)階段,這種狗不會(huì)狗叫,只會(huì)狼嚎,吃村民的垃圾廢物生存。馴化成功的例子是玉米,沒有人的幫助不能繁衍。
    詞匯題:
    1. Cycle=repetition
    2. Diffuse=spread
    Passage Three
    學(xué)科分類:地質(zhì)學(xué)
    題目:地質(zhì)循環(huán)
    內(nèi)容回憶: 以前人們總是把地球上發(fā)生的重大地質(zhì)變化歸因于偶發(fā)的大災(zāi)難,直到一個(gè)人認(rèn)為地質(zhì)過程應(yīng)該是漸變的,是一個(gè)循環(huán)。巖石被風(fēng)化,被水沖走流入海里,然后沉淀再形成巖石,然后巖石突破地面成為山。但是他不知道這些運(yùn)動(dòng)的能量從哪里來。這一系列的地質(zhì)活動(dòng)時(shí)間非常長(zhǎng),但是和地球的年齡相比也不長(zhǎng)。這個(gè)人關(guān)于地質(zhì)循環(huán)的觀點(diǎn)影響了后來的科學(xué)研究。
    寫作
    獨(dú)立寫作:
     Agree or disagree:physical exercise is important to older people than to younger people
    20100131、20110731Physical exercise is more important for older people than for younger people.
    20081212Sports and exercises are more important to elderly people than to young people.
    從形式上可以參考2018.2.4(2016.5.29)it is better for older people to take risks and explore new things than young people.
    綜合寫作
    Mystery Hill究竟是美國(guó)本土的還是歐洲人建的。
    閱讀材料認(rèn)為是歐洲人建立的,聽力否定。
    閱讀
    ngement, stone上的straight lines,writing ape methord和歐洲相似
    聽力依次否定
    1.可能有什么move了stone form their original location,ing style可能是accident3.美國(guó)人reshape jewelry時(shí)候也用的這種方式。