托福聽(tīng)力一直是不少人的難點(diǎn)，那么托福聽(tīng)力考試的速記指南有哪些內(nèi)容呢?想必是不少出國(guó)人士感興趣的話(huà)題，和出國(guó)留學(xué)網(wǎng)托福欄目一起來(lái)了解托福聽(tīng)力考試速記指南，歡迎閱讀。
托福聽(tīng)力考試速記指南
跨學(xué)科備考
從考生角度來(lái)說(shuō)，其實(shí)也可以換種角度來(lái)反思，也就是在托福備考中，是否也可以運(yùn)用一下跨學(xué)科備考，想必是可以的。在托福聽(tīng)力的備考中，同時(shí)也可以思考一下聽(tīng)力和其他學(xué)科之間的關(guān)系。
在托福聽(tīng)力中，經(jīng)常會(huì)考得到實(shí)驗(yàn)研究的內(nèi)容，小細(xì)節(jié)可能是考到實(shí)驗(yàn)研究的結(jié)果，也有可能考到老師對(duì)于實(shí)驗(yàn)研究的態(tài)度等等，當(dāng)然，也有部分情況下是考查實(shí)驗(yàn)研究的過(guò)程。結(jié)合這部分的內(nèi)容，考生可以再審視一下口語(yǔ)第六題。
我們來(lái)看一個(gè)真題，TPO25口語(yǔ)task6的聽(tīng)力材料內(nèi)容
Rocks near the Earth’s surface are directly exposed to elements in the environment such as air and water, and also to conditions such as temperature change as well as to living organism. And this exposure to the environment can actually cause even huge rocks to break into smaller pieces. This process is called weathering. Let’s talk about a couple ways weathering occurs.
First of all, rocks are often exposed to water. In cold wet environments rocks can break due to water freezing inside of them. How does this happen? Well, as I am sure you know, when water freezes it expands and over time this can lead to weathering.
Um, imagine a rock with a small opening or crack in it. It rains and water gets into the crack and stays there. Then, at night, the temperature drops and water inside the crack freezes. This growing, expanding ice pushes outward on either side of the crack causing it to get slightly bigger. When this happens again and again, the crack becomes larger and eventually pieces of the rock break off.
OK, weathering can also be caused by plants, by a plant growth. If a plant seed gets blown into the crack of a rock, it may take root. And its root will grow down into the rock. The plant’s roots can cause the rock to break down, uh, fracture. You may have seen this with large trees growing on top of a rock, a great example of this. Usually there’s enough dirt in a crack of a rock or on top of a rock to allow a tree to start growing there. As the tree grows over the years, the tree’s roots extend downward into the crack and crevasses of the rock in search of water and nutrients. Over time, the roots get bigger and grow deeper, widening and enlarging the cracks, causing the rock to break apart.
首先這段lecture講了一個(gè)process called weathering，然后進(jìn)行ways論述1. rocks are often exposed to water 2. It rains and water gets into the crack and stays there. Then, at night, the temperature drops and water inside the crack freezes. When this happens again and again, the crack becomes larger and eventually pieces of the rock break off 3.weathering can also be caused by plants As the tree grows over the years, the tree’s roots extend downward into the crack and crevasses of the rock in search of water and nutrients. Over time, the roots get bigger and grow deeper, widening and enlarging the cracks, causing the rock to break apart.
從備考角度來(lái)說(shuō)，其實(shí)大多數(shù)學(xué)生都是知道“水滴石穿”這個(gè)學(xué)科知識(shí)。在這段話(huà)中差不多就是講了這個(gè)水滴石穿的過(guò)程。但是要按照口語(yǔ)的答題內(nèi)容完美的回答還是有些困難的，那么首先需要知道的是geology的一些學(xué)科詞匯。比如說(shuō)crack, freeze, crevasse, rock, nutrients 這些詞。
從跨學(xué)科來(lái)講，這篇看似是地質(zhì)學(xué)的內(nèi)容選段也出現(xiàn)了生物學(xué)部分的植物模塊，提到了植物的根部在watering process的作用?？忌Y(jié)合這兩個(gè)學(xué)科一起備考，想必事半功倍。
再放大一些，這篇口語(yǔ)題目中的內(nèi)容和聽(tīng)力部分TPO49lecture1中一段話(huà)非常相像。
Ice wedges form when water runs into cracks in the ground, the permafrost, then freezes. You ever see mud after it dries? Dried mud has cracks because when it dries it contracts, it shrinks. Well, in winter permafrost behaves similarly. It shrinks in winter because it freezes even more thoroughly then. And as it shrinks, it forms deep, deep cracks. Then in the summer, when the active layer, the top permafrost then freezes again, because that ground, the ground beneath the active layer is still below freezing. So you have wedges of ice in the permafrost.
Now, the ice wedges widen the original cracks in the permafrost because water expands when it freezes. All right, okay, then in the autumn, the active layer on top freezes again. Then in winter the permafrost starts contracting again and the cracks open up even wider. So the next summer when the active layer melts again and flows into the widened cracks and freezes, it makes the cracks even wider. So it’s sort of a cycle through which the cracks and the wedges grow wider and wider.
在這篇文章中，同樣講到了霜凍，同樣講到了裂縫變大變寬。說(shuō)了這么多主要還是想說(shuō)明，事實(shí)上很多的學(xué)科內(nèi)容都是相互聯(lián)系的。在準(zhǔn)備托福考試的過(guò)程中，不管是聽(tīng)說(shuō)讀寫(xiě)哪一門(mén)學(xué)科，都是有很大聯(lián)系的，每個(gè)學(xué)科的任何練習(xí)，都要反思一下內(nèi)容到底是怎么考到的。畢竟TPO的內(nèi)容考試肯定不會(huì)考，但是某個(gè)選段和某個(gè)學(xué)科的部分模塊可能會(huì)在考試中再次遇到。
再回頭來(lái)看一下聽(tīng)力題目。TPO34LECTURE3 Botany 第四題
10. According to the lecture, what can be inferred about a royal water lily whose flowers are red?
A.Its flowers have already been pollinated.
B.Beetles are trapped inside of its flowers.
C.Its flowers will soon increase in temperature.
D.Its flowers have just closed.
這個(gè)題目其實(shí)也是對(duì)應(yīng)不上特殊的題型的，算是一個(gè)非題型的考點(diǎn)吧，考察的是一個(gè)類(lèi)似實(shí)驗(yàn)研究的過(guò)程。
從原文中看
Now, there’s a flower in the Amazon rainforest called a royal water lily and the characteristics of its flowers change during the pollination process. The royal water lily uses color, temperature and scent to attract the beetles that pollinate it. When the flowers of the royal water lily first open up, when they first bloom, they are white. They also emit a strong odor and their temperature rises, producing heat serves two purposes. It magnifies the scent of the flower and it helps the beetles maintain their body temperature. When a beetle arrives at the flower, the flower and it helps the beetles maintain their body temperature. When a beetle arrives at the flower, the flower closes around it for about 24 hours so that the beetle becomes covered with pollen. Then when the flower opens, its color changes to red and it cools down. When the beetle flies out, it carries the pollen to a different, heated, white, fragrant flower.
放到原文中找題目的答案，這就是考到了傳粉授粉過(guò)程。文章中提到了當(dāng)water lily傳粉結(jié)束后花會(huì)變色。所以答案應(yīng)該選擇A。
結(jié)合口語(yǔ)task6的內(nèi)容，常見(jiàn)的布局結(jié)構(gòu)
In the lecture, the professor discusses/argues/demonstrates ______ in several points/aspects
First, he says that ______ and he gives an example of___________
Second, he mentioned that______________
and he shows some data /researches about
Finally, he discusses that_____________
Topic: The professor talks about __________
Point: The first point he/she raises is______________
For example…….
The second point he/she mentions is ______________
For example……
放在這篇聽(tīng)力選段中是非常符合的。這段話(huà)講的是pollination process，類(lèi)似于TPO25口語(yǔ)task6 watering process，觀(guān)點(diǎn)是The royal water lily uses color, temperature and scent to attract the beetles that pollinate it. 然后分別講了color， temperature and scent 在pollination process中是如何進(jìn)行的過(guò)程。
所以，從這個(gè)例子上來(lái)看，聽(tīng)力的內(nèi)容和口語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容是有一定聯(lián)系的。在備考聽(tīng)力的過(guò)程中，也不要只是簡(jiǎn)單地把題目做好，考生也可以思考一下是否有些素材可以運(yùn)用在其他科目中。
看完這個(gè)聽(tīng)力和口語(yǔ)相關(guān)的內(nèi)容舉例，再來(lái)看看另外一門(mén)同樣有考查聽(tīng)力的寫(xiě)作部分。其實(shí)，在聽(tīng)力備考中，很多老師都會(huì)講到聽(tīng)力的備考考點(diǎn)，事實(shí)上，在寫(xiě)作中綜合寫(xiě)作的考察部分，也是有很多的考查是類(lèi)似相關(guān)的。比如說(shuō)，在聽(tīng)力lecture中有一種分類(lèi)是根據(jù)是否有學(xué)生的講話(huà)分成monologue和interactive lecture，在聽(tīng)力的題目考察中，學(xué)生和老師的一回合講話(huà)就屬于一個(gè)考點(diǎn)，需要考生引起注意。而在綜合寫(xiě)作的lecture聽(tīng)力音頻范圍內(nèi)，老師提出的問(wèn)句，緊接著的自問(wèn)自答就屬于一個(gè)要聽(tīng)懂的信息點(diǎn)。諸如此類(lèi)的也是很多。
以上，就是考生在備考過(guò)程中需要注意的跨學(xué)科知識(shí)考查，或者其實(shí)就是備考的一些方法，在枯燥的無(wú)明確的方向性的過(guò)程中有一些條理性，更加有針對(duì)地練習(xí)一些內(nèi)容，當(dāng)然，在備考過(guò)程中哪怕去了解一些相關(guān)學(xué)科知識(shí)的中文內(nèi)容，都是很有用的。
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