否定事實(shí)題，在托福閱讀考試中是最讓同學(xué)們感到煩惱的，因?yàn)檫@讓同學(xué)們花費(fèi)了太多的時(shí)間，那么接下來就和出國(guó)留學(xué)網(wǎng)來看看如何解答托福閱讀否定事實(shí)題？
打蛇打七寸 — 尋找邏輯詞
何謂邏輯詞？即because， therefore， nevertheless， in contrast…，但我們?cè)诜穸ㄊ聦?shí)題里找的不是它們而是 to begin with， and， furthermore， in addition， last but not least， finally。因?yàn)檫@類詞的每一次出現(xiàn)通常對(duì)應(yīng)的就是一個(gè)選項(xiàng)。例如：
TPO 21 The Origins of Agriculture
Paragraph 1： How did it come about that farming developed independently in a number of world centers （the Southeast Asian mainland， Southwest Asia， Central America， lowland and highland South America， and equatorial Africa） at more or less the same time？ Agriculture developed slowly among populations that had an extensive knowledge of plants and animals. Changing from hunting and gathering to agriculture had no immediate advantages. To start with， it forced the population to abandon the nomad＇s life and become sedentary， to develop methods of storage and， often， systems of irrigation. While hunter-gatherers always had the option of moving elsewhere when the resources were exhausted， this became more difficult with farming. Furthermore， as the archaeological record shows， the state of health of agriculturalists was worse than that of their contemporary hunter-gatherers.
2. According to paragraph 1， all of the following are advantages of hunting and gathering over agriculture EXCEPT：
A. It is a healthier lifestyle.
B. It requires less knowledge of plants and animals.
C. It does not need storage capabilities.
D. It is not tied to any specific location.
讀完題目后，同學(xué)們?cè)诨乜次恼碌臅r(shí)候都應(yīng)該注意到 to start with， furthermore 這類邏輯聯(lián)系詞。
同時(shí)，我們觀察到 to start with 之前的 Changing from hunting and gathering to agriculture had no immediate advantages 和題目所問的是相同的，所以就能基本確定答案是從 to start with 后面去找，只是題目問的是hunting和gathering 的好，而文章說的是從狩獵變成農(nóng)業(yè)后的不好。我們只需把選項(xiàng)的意思反過來理解即可。
to start with 后面說的是農(nóng)業(yè)讓人們放棄游牧（nomad）變成一種不動(dòng)（sedentary）并且需要發(fā)展儲(chǔ)存食物的生活，反過來意味著hunting and gathering是不需要這樣的。所以排除C，D選項(xiàng)。
Furthermore 后面說農(nóng)業(yè)人的健康狀況要比游牧的差，也就是后者生活的更優(yōu)越。排除A。所以這題選B，即使它在原文出現(xiàn)，我們也不需要理會(huì)。因?yàn)?to start with 能告訴我們答案是從這里開始。
無招勝有招—排除法逐項(xiàng)刪除
上述方法速度之快，有效性之高讓否定事實(shí)題的解題變得簡(jiǎn)單明了。也許正因如此，ETS也逐漸地改變了出題模式來增加難度。我們可以看看以下這篇：
TPO 22 The Allende Meteorite
Paragraph 4： Equally perplexing constituents of Allende are the refractory inclusions： irregular white masses that tend to be larger than chondrules. They are composed of minerals uncommon on Earth， all rich in calcium， aluminum， and titanium， the most refractory （resistant to melting） of the major elements in the nebula. The same minerals that occur in refractory inclusions are believed to be the earliest-formed substances to have condensed out of the solar nebula. However， studies of the textures of inclusions reveal that the order in which the minerals appeared in the inclusions varies from inclusion to inclusion， and often does not match the theoretical condensation sequence for those metals.
7. According to paragraph 4， all of the following are true about the minerals found in the refractory inclusions EXCEPT：
A. These minerals are among the most resistant to melting of all the major elements in the solar nebula.
B. These minerals are believed to be some of the first elements to have condensed out of the solar nebula.
C. These minerals are among the least commonly found elements on Earth.
D. These elements occur in the order that scientists would have predicted.
同學(xué)們能發(fā)現(xiàn)此篇文章的段落并沒有任何的邏輯提示詞告訴我們選項(xiàng)所對(duì)應(yīng)的句子。那我們還有其它快速又準(zhǔn)確的技巧來解題嗎？答案是沒有的。這時(shí)我們只能通過排除法，把每一個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思和原文的句子對(duì)比。
不過在這里要特別強(qiáng)調(diào)，我們現(xiàn)在做否定事實(shí)題時(shí)不能再像以前那樣看哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)的單詞沒在文章出現(xiàn)即選相應(yīng)的選項(xiàng)。因?yàn)閱卧~是可以同義改寫的，而句子的意思卻不能改變。
我們細(xì)心閱讀和比較后，也會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都在文章里出現(xiàn)，但是D選項(xiàng)“元素出現(xiàn)順序和科學(xué)家預(yù)測(cè)一致”明顯和原文最后一句的 often does not match the theoretical condensation sequence 矛盾。所以此題答案為D。
擒賊先擒王—選最明顯的錯(cuò)誤
TPO28 Early Saharan Pastoralists
Paragraph 5： The cattle herders had only a few possessions： unsophisticated pots and polished adzes. They also hunted with bow and arrow. The Saharan people left a remarkable record of their lives painted on the walls of caves deep in the desert. Their artistic endeavors have been preserved in paintings of wild animals， cattle， goats， humans， and scenes of daily life that extend back perhaps to 5，000 B.C.. The widespread distribution of pastoral sites of this period suggests that the Saharans ranged their herds over widely separated summer and winter grazing grounds.
9. According to paragraph 5， each of the following was true about the early Saharan people EXCEPT：
A. They had few possessions apart from cattle.
B. After about 5，000 B.C.， they lived primarily in caves that were located deep in the desert.
C. Between the summer and winter seasons， they moved their herds over long distances.
D. They painted animals and scenes of daily life on the walls of caves.
很多同學(xué)在做完TPO28這套文章后都會(huì)對(duì)A選項(xiàng)有疑問。他們認(rèn)為A的few和文章的a few是在表達(dá)不同的意思。
前者是否定，而后者為肯定。為什么不選它呢？那同學(xué)們不妨觀察B選項(xiàng)和原文意思的區(qū)別。選項(xiàng)是說沙哈拉人們住在沙漠深處，那原文呢？The Saharan people left a remarkable record of their lives painted on the walls of caves deep in the desert. 這話說的是紀(jì)錄人們生活的圖畫是在沙漠深處的墻上。很明顯，選項(xiàng)和文章的意思是矛盾的。
平常我們?cè)谧龇穸ㄊ聦?shí)題時(shí)要注意，當(dāng)選項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)錯(cuò)誤時(shí)，咱們一定要選擇最明顯和原文有矛盾的或者沒有提及的那個(gè)，允許小區(qū)別的存在。此乃擒賊先擒王。
各位同學(xué)平時(shí)一定要多背誦單詞，因?yàn)榉穸ㄊ聦?shí)題的選項(xiàng)大部分會(huì)對(duì)原文句子進(jìn)行同義改寫。此外，同學(xué)們要在平時(shí)練習(xí)中多用上述三大法寶，必定能夠降服這只小惡魔。