以下是出國留學(xué)網(wǎng)編輯為您整理的2017年托福綜合寫作真題及解析(4.1）：阿卡德王國短期滅亡的原因，供您參考，更多詳細(xì)內(nèi)容請點擊出國留學(xué)網(wǎng)(www.liuxue86.com)查看。
重復(fù)2014年6月15日及2016年3月13日的考題。
閱讀主要觀點提取：
有三個理由可以解釋阿卡德王國為什么會在短時間內(nèi)滅亡。
理由一：來自被攻取國家的反抗。阿卡德王國要求被攻取的國家繳納高額的貢品，這些國家久而久之便不再愿意繳納高額貢品，并舉兵反抗，最終使得阿卡德王國滅亡。
理由二：糧食短缺。阿卡德王國的糧食主要來自于北部地區(qū)。然而，北部地區(qū)在一段時間內(nèi)遭遇嚴(yán)重干旱，使得糧食無法正常供應(yīng)，最終使得阿卡德王國滅亡。
理由三：遭遇貿(mào)易抵制。阿卡德王國和很多國家交易商品，但是交易時利用自身的強大欺壓別國。之后，三分之二的國家聯(lián)合起來抵抗阿卡德王國，導(dǎo)致該國經(jīng)濟頹廢，最終滅亡。
聽力主要觀點提?。?/strong>
閱讀中的三個理由都不可信。
第一，這些被侵占的國家想要成功攻破阿卡德王國，唯有從它的內(nèi)部進(jìn)攻。然而，阿卡德王國在建立之初就毀掉了所有的城墻。所以，一旦他們對阿卡德王國展開進(jìn)攻，很容易就被阿卡德的士兵擊敗。
第二，阿卡德王國的農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)足以抵抗干旱。它有很好的灌溉技術(shù)，可以從遠(yuǎn)處調(diào)水。并且，他們還懂得如何長期存儲糧食。所以，即使經(jīng)歷一段時間的干旱，阿卡德王國還是可以有足夠的食物賴以生存。
第三，阿卡德王國的貿(mào)易伙伴總量沒有減少。雖然遭遇到一部分國家的抵抗，但是阿卡德王國一直在尋找新的貿(mào)易伙伴，東至南亞次大陸，西至地中海。所以，新的貿(mào)易伙伴會彌補阿卡德王國經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易的損失。
2017年4月1日托福綜合寫作滿分范文：
The writer puts forward three explanations for why the Akkadian Empire did not last long. However, the professor points out that none of the explanations is convincing.
First, as for the rebellions of the conquered city-states, the professor demonstrates that the rebel would not succeed. The only chance that the city-state rebels could successfully resist the central government was they can fight inside the city. But it was impossible because the defensive walls had been destroyed by the empire. So the rebellions would be easily defeated.
Second, the professor states that the Akkadians had the ability to solve the bad weather conditions which is different from the reading. It was because the Akkadians had excellent agricultural technology to help them deal with the bad weather conditions. Their irrigation techniques allowed them to bring water from long distance and they had the knowledge to store food for a long period. As a result, they could have enough food supply even during a long period of reduced rainfall.
Finally, contrary to the opinion of the reading that the loss of old trading partners caused the empire’s downfall, the professor says that the new trading partners could make up the loss. The empire constantly searched for new trading partners from the Indian subcontinent to Mediterranean Sea. So they still could get enough resources they relied on. (223)
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