在2014年5月17日的托福閱讀考試中有這樣一道題：棲息地選擇。針對這道托?？碱}，出國留學(xué)網(wǎng)(www.liuxue86.com)小編來為大家普及一下關(guān)于棲息地選擇的背景知識，這樣有助于考生在面對這類題目時(shí)方便作答。小編在此提醒大家：動物行為主題是托福閱讀常見考點(diǎn)，結(jié)構(gòu)不難理解。需注意各例證和主題的支撐關(guān)系。
托福閱讀真題再現(xiàn)：
版本一：一個(gè)叫Sale的科學(xué)家總結(jié)總結(jié)出了棲息地的尋找和選擇是因?yàn)槎喾Ncue綜合形成一個(gè)應(yīng)激發(fā)應(yīng)，他駁斥了固有模式的說法。舉了一個(gè)魚類實(shí)驗(yàn)的例子，然后還提到這種說法無法解釋為何一種鳥會根據(jù)日照時(shí)間來選擇棲息地，最后說這種模式目前還有待研究。
版本二： 第三篇講動物靠什么選擇棲息地 某理論說 動物感知器官收集信息然后反饋神經(jīng)系統(tǒng) 后又說其他理論一個(gè)是找更多食物，另一個(gè)原因是躲避被捕食，最后說還需要進(jìn)一步研究什么真正影響，更細(xì)節(jié)記不得了…
版本三：第三篇是選擇棲息地。說有的是到了suitable的地方就停下，有的是先有mind然后再找什么的。其他的忘了〒_〒
解析：本文圍繞動物如何選擇棲息地這個(gè)主題展開論證。做題時(shí)需注意記錄筆記，對于結(jié)構(gòu)化閱讀及最后一題的解答有很大好處。動物行為主題是托福閱讀常見考點(diǎn)，結(jié)構(gòu)不難理解。需注意各例證和主題的支撐關(guān)系。由于條理清晰，最后一題盡量考慮從正面選出，排除為輔。
托福閱讀相關(guān)背景：
Habitat selection
Habitat selection is the process or behavior that an animal uses to select or choose a habitat in which to live; correspondingly, plants and fungi engage in habitat selection, even though their inherent mobility is different from animals. To live in a habitat an animal must first have access to the habitat. Once the animal has access to the habitat it must be able to tolerate the conditions of the habitat and find the resources that it needs to survive in that habitat. Animals must be able to tolerate at least two kinds of factors in the habitat. These factors are abiotic factors and biotic factors. Abiotic factors are non-biological factors such astemperature, humidity, salinity and pH to name a few. Biotic factors are biological factors such ascompetition, predation, and disease. If both abiotic and biotic factors can be tolerated the animal must also be able to find the resources that it needs to survive. These resources include food, shelter from abiotic and biotic factors, and a mate. If an animal can not tolerate abiotic and biotic factors in a habitat or if it does not find food, shelter or a mate in that habitat, it is likely that the habitat will not be selected and the animal will leave the habitat. Habitats that are suitable for animals will often times have many animals of the same species there. This can lead to intraspecific competition. All of these things have an impact on the ecology of the animal (its distribution and abundance).
One way to determine if a habitat is suitable for an animal is to conduct a transplant experiment. In a transplant experiment animals of interest are transplanted or brought to a habitat to test that habitat for suitability. If the animal survives and reproduces in the habitat, it is concluded that the habitat was unoccupied because the animal was unable to get there or because it did not have access to the habitat. If the animal does not stay, survive, or reproduce in the habitat, it is concluded that it could be due to a lack of resources or because certain biotic and or abiotic factors are present and it can not tolerate them. A habitat that is suitable can become unsuitable if the animal's resources and or biotic and abitoic factors change. This is what often happens when we develop areas that are currently undeveloped. This causes us to see animals that we never saw in our environments before. It also can lead to a decline in the number of these animals.
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