在2014年6月21日的托福閱讀考試中有這樣一道題：部落遷徙。針對(duì)這道托?？碱}，出國(guó)留學(xué)網(wǎng)(www.liuxue86.com)小編來(lái)為大家普及一下關(guān)于部落遷徙的背景知識(shí)，這樣有助于考生在面對(duì)這類題目時(shí)方便作答。小編在此提醒大家：歷史題材文章結(jié)構(gòu)為時(shí)間順序，故而邏輯性較少，屬于直線型文章。讀文章時(shí)光看首句不一定能概括全段，需通過(guò)題目進(jìn)行段意還原。而且還要多考慮各段之間的關(guān)系。
托福閱讀真題再現(xiàn)：
版本一：講某個(gè)部落的人遷徙到一個(gè)新的地方。他們即是游牧的，但又會(huì)種植作物。但是最后不得不遷徙，因?yàn)槿颂嗔?。wild animal和作物都不夠吃。
版本二：climate對(duì)N族人的影響 他們開始更大范圍的hunt 種grain之類的
版本三：
一個(gè)人種在younger dryra年代的生活 【編者注：此處人種經(jīng)查找很可能為“Natufian”】
一開始說(shuō)因?yàn)楹恿骱退礉u漸干涸，獵物(game)也隨之越來(lái)越少(此處有題)，所以人們需要更精湛的捕獵技巧，也因?yàn)檫@個(gè)發(fā)明了一種新的arrowhead(有題)。
后來(lái)呢他們捕不到足夠的獵物了就settled了，開始cultivated rye crop， 把野生的rye慢慢“馴化”了?？脊艑W(xué)家還在一個(gè)村子里發(fā)現(xiàn)了公元前11100-11020的rye，這是最早的人工培育rye。
但是呢，cultivated rye也不能滿足需求啊，所以他們又變回游牧了，然后domestic rye又變wild了(有題)。
最后一段說(shuō)他們后來(lái)因?yàn)樗锤珊苑艞壛俗嫦壬畹膚oodland，改而搬遷到更富饒的約旦河邊(jordan river)。哦這里也有題。
解析：歷史題材文章結(jié)構(gòu)為時(shí)間順序，故而邏輯性較少，屬于直線型文章。讀文章時(shí)光看首句不一定能概括全段，需通過(guò)題目進(jìn)行段意還原。而且還要多考慮各段之間的關(guān)系。
相關(guān)背景：
Younger Dryas
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Three temperature proxies showing the Younger Dryas event at around 12 ka BP. The NGRIP sequence (red – mislabelled as GRIP) uses the water molecule isotopic composition – δ18O. The Vostok and EPICA Dome C series show delta-deuterium. All 3 proxies use the same vertical axis.
The Younger Dryas stadial, also referred to as the Big Freeze, was a geologically brief (1,300 ± 70 years) period of cold climatic conditions and drought which occurred between approximately 12,800 and 11,500 years BP. The Younger Dryas stadial is thought to have been caused by the collapse of the North American ice sheets, although rival theories have been proposed.
It followed the B?lling-Aller?d interstadial (warm period) at the end of the Pleistocene and preceded the preboreal of the early Holocene. It is named after an indicator genus, the alpine-tundra wildflower Dryas octopetala. In Ireland, the period has been known as the Nahanagan Stadial, while in the United Kingdom it has been called the Loch Lomond Stadial and most recently Greenland Stadial 1 (GS1). The Younger Dryas (GS1) is also a Blytt-Sernander climate period detected from layers in north European bog peat.
The Dryas stadials were cold periods which interrupted the warming trend since the Last Glacial Maximum 20,000 years ago. The Older Dryas occurred approximately 1,000 years before the Younger Dryas and lasted about 3000 years. The Oldest Dryas is dated between approximately 18,000 and 15,000 BP.
The Younger Dryas, an intense cooling and drying event of global proportions, has been attributed a major causal role in the adoption of agricultural economies in the southern Levant. Here, the impact of the Younger Dryas on human adaptations is evaluated using a small game index that measures the efficiency of human foraging as a proxy for site occupation intensity. The study examines faunal assemblages spanning the agricultural transition and dating to the Early and Late Natufian and Pre-Pottery Neolithic periods (ca. 14,500 to 11,000 Cal. BP). The small game index and other supporting evidence document major fluctuations in human site occupation intensity across this critical phase. Site occupation reached an unprecedented high during the Early Natufian, but quickly reverted to pre-Natufian levels with the onset of the Younger Dryas in the Late Natufian phase. By decreasing site occupation intensity and increasing mobility, the Late Natufians implemented effective demographic strategies to cope with changing resource distributions. In contrast, there is no evidence for intensified resource use or food stress in the Late Natufian, at least in comparison to the Early Natufian phase. Although, it is tempting to assign the Younger Dryas a causal role in the adoption of agricultural economies, support for this hypothesis (in the form of food stress and resource intensification) does not currently exist.
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